The Effect of Vineyard Cover Crop on Main Monomeric Phenols of Grape Berry and Wine in Vitis viniferal L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon

This study was conducted to determine the effect of cover crop inter-row in vineyard on main mono-phenol content of grape berry and wine. Three such cover crops, two perennial legumes （white clover and alfalfa） and a perennial gramineous grass （tall fescue） were sown in vineyard. The main phenolic compounds of mature grape berry and wines vinified under the same conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether and analyzed by high- performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） by comparing to soil tillage. A total of ten phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the different grape berry and wines, including nonflavonoids （hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids） and flavonoids （flavanols and flavonols）. The concentration of flavonoid compounds （409.43 to 538.63 mg kg^-1 and 56.16 to 81.30 mg L^-1） was higher than nonflavonoids （76.91 to 98.85 mg kg^-1 and 30.65 to 41.22 mg L^-1） for Cabernet Sauvignon grape and wine under different treatments, respectively. In the flavonoid phenolics, Catechin was the most abundant in the different grapes and wines, accounting for 74.94 to 79.70% and 48.60 to 50.62% of total nonanthocyanin phenolics quantified, respectively. Compared to soil tillage, the sward treatments showed a higher content of main mono-phenol and total nonanthocyanin phenolics in grapes and wines. There were significant differences between two cover crop treatments （tall fescue and white clover） and soil tillage for the content of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and total phenolics in the grape berry （P 〈 0.05 or P〈0.01）. The wine from tall fescue cover crop had the highest gallic acid, caffeic acid and catechin. Cover crop system increased the total nonanthocyanin phenolics of grapes and wines in order of the four treatments： tall fescue, white clover, alfalfa, and soil tillage （control）. Cover crop in vineyard increased total phenols of grape berry and wine, and thus improved the quality of wine evidently.

Direct Vibrational Energy Transfer in Monomeric Water Probed with Ultrafast Two Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy

Vibrational relaxation dynamics of monomeric water molecule dissolved in d-chloroform solution were revisited using the two dimensional Infrared （2D IR） spectroscopy. The vibrational lifetime of OH bending in monomeric water shows a bi-exponential decay. The fast compo- nent （T1=（1.2±0.1） ps） is caused by the rapid population equilibration between the vibrational modes of the monomeric water molecule. The slow component （T2=（26.4±0.2） ps） is mainly caused by the vibrational population decay of OH bending mode. The reorientation of the OH bending in monomeric water is determined with a time constant of t=（1.2±0.1） ps which is much faster than the rotational dynamics of water molecules in the bulk solution. Furthermore, we are able to reveal the direct vibrational energy transfer from OH stretching to OH bending in monomeric water dissolved in d-chloroform for the first time. The vibrational coupling and relative orientation of transition dipole moment between OH bending and stretching that effect their intra-molecular vibrational energy transfer rates are discussed in detail.

Recombinant Expression of the Monomeric B27 Lys Destripeptide Insulin Precursor( MIP) in Escherichia coli

Insulin controls hyperglycemia caused by diabetes,and virtually all treatments require exogenous insulin. The monomeric B27 Lys destripeptide insulin has 80% bioactivity of wild type. It is a potential drug for clinic. But the yield of monomeric B27 Lys destripeptide insulin is limited, because monomeric B27 Lys destripeptide insulin precursor( MIP) was easily to form inclusion body,when MIP is expressed in E. coli. The precursor,MIP,is not only fused to an N-terminal HIS-small ubiquitin-related modifier( SUMO) tag,but also added five Arginine( 5 R) at the C-terminal,which can improve the solubility of the fusion protein. By this way,the yield of fusion protein has been up to 1. 45 mg/L cell culture.This work set up the foundation for the clinical application of B27 Lys destripeptide insulin.

A SIMPLE ACCESS TO UNSOLVATED MONOMERIC COMPLEXES OF EARLY LANTHANIDE IODIDES(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnI(Ln=La,Nd)VIA THE REACTION OF[(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnCl]_2 WITH NaI AND X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE LANTHANUM COMPLEX

(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnI(Ln=La,Nd)complexes have been synthesized by the reaction between NaI and[(CH_3OCH_2CH_2C_5H_4)_2LnCl]2 in THF;A single crystal X-ray study has shown that the lanthanum complex is an unsolvated monomer with lanthanum(Ⅲ)in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry if the cyclopentadienyl ring is regarded as occupying a single polyhedral vertex.

Effect of Citric Acid on the Total Monomeric Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Activity of Liquor Made from Unprocessed Purple Leafed TRFK 306 Kenyan Tea Clone

A study was conducted to find out the effect of citric acid on total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of liquor made from unprocessed purple-leafed TRFK 306 Kenyan tea, brewed at various time/temperature combinations. Most purple tea consumers usually brew the tea leaves then add some lemon juice before consuming it. Citric acid was used here to mimic the use of lemon juice. Documentation on the quality of such a brew is scanty and the effect of acid on its quality is equally scanty. The current study used brewing time/temperature combinations of 5, 10 and 15 minutes with 70°C and 92°C drinking water. Total monomeric anthocyanins were analysed using UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) while DDPH method was used to assay for antioxidant activity. Citric acid concentration of 0, 0.1% to 0.5% was used to check their effect on the brews with the highest total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. The results showed that brewing temperature of 70°C had 9.5 mg/L to 27.7 mg/L, with 5 minutes brewing time being the highest. Temperature of 92°C had 37.5 mg/L to 92 mg/L with 5 minutes brewing time having the highest total monomeric anthocyanins. Antioxidant activity of 92°C brewing temperature ranged from 90.7% to 92.0%. Total monomeric anthocyanins increased with increased citric acid concentration up to 0.3% before it decreases while for antioxidant activity, it decreased with addition of citric acid. It was concluded that for maximum anthocyanins extraction, 5 minutes brewing time is the best while ten minutes brewing time could give optimum antioxidant activity.

Validation of Monomeric Anthocianin Determination Method for Bilberry Juice and Marc Extracts

The solid waste generated in industrial berry juice production was considered as a low cost raw material for the extraction of natural antioxidants. Berries contain phenolic compounds with high antioxidant potential, including anthocianin. Quantitative determination method for monomeric anthocianins in bilberry juice and marc was validated. An official method from Association of Analytical Communities was used to determine anthocianins in juice and marc extracts by measuring light absorption for solutions with pH values 1.0 and 4.5 at 520 nm and 700 rim. Results were expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent, as it is the most common anthocianin pigment. Calibration curve was obtained, linearity was checked, working interval and accuracy was determined and samples were tested. Mentioned method was evaluated as appropriate for quantitative anthocianin analysis in bilberry juice and marc. Necessity of calibration curve was approved using extinction coefficient of cyanidin-3-glucoside instead. Method assures adequate precision and accuracy as well.

Structural Aspects of Monomeric Platinum Coordination Complexes

This review covers structural parameters of almost two thousand monomeric Pt coordination complexes. The Pt is found in the oxidation states zero, +1, +2, +3 and +4, from which oxidation state +2 by far prevails. There is a wide variety of donor atom ligands from uni-, bi-, ter- and tetradentate with over seventeen types of donor atoms, from which by far prevails P and N donor ligands and chlorine atom. The Pt(0) atoms are two-, three- and four-coordinated;Pt(I) and Pt(III) are only four-coordinated, Pt(II) are four- and five-coordinated, and Pt(IV) are five- and six-coor-dinated. About 10% of these complexes exist as isomers. Included are distortion (65%), cis-trans (30%), mixed isomers and ligand isomerism. The structural parameters are discussed in terms of the coordination about the platinum atom, and correlations are drawn between donor atom, bond length and interbond angles with attention to any trans-effect.

SGCC successfully developed large-capacity sodium-sulfur monomeric battery

Through many years' cooperation,SGCC and Shanghai Silicate Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Science successfully developed 650 ampere-hours capacity sodium-sulfur monomeric storage battery with the independent intellectual property

A study on carbon isotopes of C_(5-8) light hydrocarbon monomeric series of natural gas in main oil and gas bearing basins in China

There have been many achievements in the research on carbon isotopes of alkane hydrocarbon gases in oil and gas bearing basins in China. Because of the limited molecular types and the simple molecular structures of C1-4 alkane hydrocarbon gases, the information provided by these carbon isotopes is limited. C5-8 light hydrocarbons are found more often in wet gas, and their molecules have more complex structures and

Carbon Isotopic Distribution Characteristics of Light Hydrocarbon Monomeric Series of Crude Oils in the Ordos Basin

Abundant carbon isotopic information of single molecule can be obtained from the trace samples (chromatographic grade) on the basis of carbon isotopic on-line analytical technique developed in the late 1980s. This brings the carbon isotopic study of the petroleum and natural gases into a new development stage.

Syntheses and properties of associative acrylamide copolymers containing short hydrophobic chains used in a friction reducer for slick-water fracturing

Two allyldimethylalkyl quaternary ammonium salt(AQAS)monomers,N,N-dimethylallylphenylpropylammonium bromide(AQAS1)and N,N-dimethylallylnonylammonium bromide(AQAS2),were synthesized and used to prepare modified polyacrylamide materials.Two new drag reducers were synthesized from acrylamide(AM),sodium acrylate(Na AA)and a cationic modified monomer(AQAS1 or AQAS2)via aqueous solution polymerization,and the copolymers were named P(AM/Na AA/AQAS1)and P(AM/Na AA/AQAS2),respectively.The structures of the drag reduction agents were confirmed by IR and1H NMR spectroscopies.The molecular weight(Mw)of P(AM/Na AA/AQAS1)was 1.79×10^(6)g/mol.When the copolymer concentration was 1000 mg/L and the flow rate was 45 L/min,in fresh water the highest drag reduction rate was 75.8%,in 10,000 mg/L Na Cl solution the drag reduction rate decreased to 72.9%.The molecular weight of P(AM/Na AA/AQAS2)was 3.17×10^(6)g/mol.When the copolymer concentration was500 mg/L and the flow rate was 45 L/min,the drag reduction rate reached 75.2%,and in 10,000 mg/L Na Cl solution the drag reduction rate was 73.3%,decreased by approximately 1.9%.The drag reduction rate for partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)was also investigated,and the results showed that the drag reduction rates for 500 and 1000 mg/L HPAM solutions were merely 43.2%and 49.0%in brine,respectively.Compared with HPAM,both of the above copolymers presented better drag reduction capacities.

Research progress of TCM monomer in treating diabetic kidney disease based on inflammatory mechanism

With the increasing morbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major reason causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over the world. However, current treating strategy is aiming at blood glucose controlling and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) restricting which can’t effectively preventing the development of DKD. Recent research indicating that low level of inflammatory and activation of immune system play a significant role in occurrence and progression of DKD. Understanding of inflammatory cascade and its mechanism is conducive to discern novel target of DKD and contributing to design new treating strategy based on anti-inflammatory. For the past few years, an increasing number of evidences proved that Tradit Chin Med (TCM) could delay the progression of ESRD on the basis of inflammatory. In this review, we overview the protective effect against DKD-based renal injury of TCM monomer, offering novel ideas in drug discovery and in mechanism-related research.sd.

Photothermal biological effects of monomeric erythrocyte using optical tweezers

The changes of mechanical properties and biological activities of monomeric erythrocytes are studied using optical tweezers micromanipulation technology.Firstly,the mechanical properties of irradiated erythrocyte membranes are obtained.Weaker power laser irradiation can delay the decay of the mechanical properties of erythrocytes and promote the biological activity of erythrocytes,while higher power laser irradiation damages erythrocytes.The stronger the laser irradiation is,the more obvious and rapid the damage will be.The temperature of the cell surface will be changed by regulating the laser power and irradiation time,so the biological functions of erythrocyte can be controlled.Secondly,the finite element simulation of the temperature change on the cell surface under the condition of laser irradiation is carried out using simulation software,and the precise temperature of the cell surface irradiated cumulatively by a laser with different powers is obtained.Finally,the processes of abscission,unfolding,and denaturation of hemoglobins in erythrocytes at different temperatures due to the photothermal effect are analyzed using the model.The mechanism of laser irradiation on the elasticity of erythrocyte membranes is also obtained.

EXAFS and FTIR structural characterization for the crystal of monomeric tetraphenylporphyrinato gadolinium:[Gd(TPP)acac 8H_2O.3TCB]

The coordination number of the gadolinium atom and bond distances in the crystal of inonomeric porphyrinate,[Gd(TPP)acac-8H2O 3TCB] (TCB: 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene,acac: anion of acetylacetone),were determined by EXAFS method.The Gd atom is eight-coordinated to the four nitrogen atoms of a tetraphenylporphyrin ring,to the two oxygen atoms of one acetylacetonato anion and to two water molecules with Gd-N=0.232 nm,Gd-O=0.243 nm.

Preparation of true solutions of monomeric amyloidogenic protein/peptide:A critical prerequisite for aggregation kinetic study

Our dynamic laser light scattering(LLS) study shows that the current widely used protocols of dissolving amyloidogenic protein/peptide do not really result in a true solution;namely,there always exist a trace amount of interchain aggregates,which greatly affect the association kinetics,partially explaining why different kinetics were reported even for a solution with identical protein and solvent.Recently,using a combination of the conventional dissolution procedure and our newly developed ultra-filtration method,we have developed a novel protocol to prepare a true solution of amyloidogenic protein/peptide without any interchain aggregates.The resultant solutions remain in their monomeric state for at least one week,which is vitally important for further study of the very initial stage of the interchain association under the physiological conditions because more and more evidence suggests that it is those small oligomers rather than large fabric aggregates that are cytotoxic.In addition,this study shows that combining static and dynamic LLS can lead to more physical and microscopic information about the protein association instead of only the size distribution.

A twisted monomeric perylenediimide electron acceptor for efficient organic solar cells

Perylenediimide(PDI)-based materials exhibit great potential as non-fullerene acceptors in bulk-heterojunction(BHJ) organic solar cells(OSCs). Recent investigations have revealed that PDI molecules with a twisted structure could disrupt aggregation of perylene unit. Here, we present a PDI monomer via bay-substitutions with four fused naphthalene units by three-step reactions, named TN-PDI. The introduction of four fused naphthalene rings into the bay positions of PDI unit leads to a strong steric hindrance with a twist angle of 33° between the two PDI subplanes. Blended with a wide-band gap polymer donor(PDBT-T1), the TN-PDI based non-fullerene solar cells show power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 3.0%. Our results indicate that the bay-substitutions with fused aromatic substitutions could be an efficient approach to develop monomeric PDI acceptors.

Changing the Air Parameters in the Cotton Pneumatic Transport Pipe

This scientific article examines the issue of changes in the density and speed of the airflow in the pipeline pneumatic conveying equipment used in ginneries, analyzes the causes of changes in the density and speed of air.

Progress on traditional Chinese medicine in improving hepatic fibrosis through inhibiting oxidative stress

Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in the development of various chronic liver diseases into cirrhosis and liver cancer,characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix.In the past,hepatic fibrosis was thought to be a static and irreversible pathological process.In recent years,with the rapid development of molecular biology and the continuous in-depth study of the liver at the microscopic level,more and more evidence has shown that hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process.Therefore,it is particularly important to find an effective,simple,and inexpensive method for its prevention and treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)occupies an important position in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to its advantages of low adverse reactions,low cost,and multi-target effectiveness.A large number of research results have shown that TCM monomers,single herbal extracts,and TCM formulas play important roles in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.Oxidative stress(OS)is one of the key factors in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis.Therefore,this article reviews the progress in the understanding of the mechanisms of TCM monomers,single herbal extracts,and TCM formulas in preventing and treating hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting OS in recent years,in order to provide a reference and basis for drug therapy of hepatic fibrosis.

Self-deposition for mesoporous carbon nanosheet with supercapacitor application

Porous carbon sheets have wide application prospects in many fields,especially in energy storage of supercapacitor due to the features combining both 2D structure and porous architectures.Herein,a self-deposition approach is proposed to obtain N-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets (N-MCNs),using 3-aminophenol (3-AF) as precursor and Mg(OH)_(2) sheet as hard template.This process realizes the direct carbon formation using 3-AF monomer as carbon precursor under the catalysis of hard template avoiding the polymerization and utilization of solvent.The mass ratio of 3-AF to Mg(OH)_(2) plays an important role in determining the pore structures and the resulting capacitance behavior.The results show that N-MCNs with a mass ratio of 3-AF and Mg(OH)_(2) of 1:1 have good electrochemical behavior for supercapacitors.This N-MCNs based electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 240 F·g^(-1)at 1 A·g^(-1),good rate performance(75.4%retention ratio at 20 A·g^(-1)),and high cycling stability with 98.3% initial capacitance retained after 10000 cycles.Symmetric supercapacitors on N-MCNs achieve energy density of 18.2 W·h·kg^(-1) and power density of 0.4 kW·kg^(-1) operated within a wide potential range of 0–1.6 V in 1.0 mol·L^(-1) Na_(2)SO_(4) solution,exhibiting its potential for electrode materials with high performance.

北京化工大学和青岛黑猫新材料研究院成功开发高分散水性炭黑创新技术

据北京化工大学新闻网2023年8月18日报道,2023年8月13日,由北京化工大学和青岛黑猫新材料研究院共同开发的“高分散水性炭黑的开发”项目通过了中国石油和化学工业联合会组织的科技成果鉴定,产品性能指标达到国际同类产品先进水平,这是我国在高端色素炭黑领域的又一项突破。由来自国内科研院所、高等院校、生产企业、行业协会等单位的7位专家组成的鉴定委员会听取了北京化工大学和青岛黑猫新材料研究院所做的项目工作报告、技术研究开发报告、经济和社会效益分析报告等,审查了用户报告、检验报告、查新报告等资料并考察了生产现场。专家组认为该项目采用普通炭黑原料制成的高分散水性炭黑生产工艺合理、黑度高且性能稳定,无论是从产品制造还是从产品性能及质量稳定性方面均可替代国外高端产品且具备连续化生产能力。