Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION As is well-known, topological defects of various types may have been created by vacuum phase transitions in the early universe. The type of defects depends on the topology of vacuum manifold. In parti...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION As is well-known, topological defects of various types may have been created by vacuum phase transitions in the early universe. The type of defects depends on the topology of vacuum manifold. In particular, monopoles are formed when the homotopy group π<sub>2</sub> （G/H）is nontrivial. The monopoles formed as a result of a gauge symmetry breaking are similar to ele-展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION As is well-known, topological defects of various types may have been created by vacuum phase transitions in the early universe. The type of defects depends on the topology of vacuum manifold. In particular, monopoles are formed when the homotopy group π<sub>2</sub> （G/H）is nontrivial. The monopoles formed as a result of a gauge symmetry breaking are similar to ele-
