Comparison of Age and Gender Differences of Tryptophan Metabolites in Patients of Major Monopolar and Bipolar Depression

Background: No research has been done for the determination of plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites in patients of monopolar and bipolar depression. Methods: Ultra high-speed liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used for the simultaneous determination of plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites in depressive patients. Results: No significant age and gender differences were shown in monopolar depressive patients and some differences were shown in bipolar patients. The administration of drugs such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers do not seem to have affected the results. Conclusion: In patients of major monopolar depression age and gender differences of plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites disappear although significant differences are observed in healthy volunteers. Some differences of age and gender differences were shown between monopolar and bipolar depressive patients.

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour: Safe Implementation of Bipolar Technique

Background: Traditionally, monopolar transurethral resection was the standard surgery for bladder tumors. After developing the bipolar technique, it was noticed that patients’ morbidity was reduced. We aim to compare bipolar and monopolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors in terms of efficacy, safety, and oncological outcomes. Patients and Methods: Clinical records of sixty patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer who underwent either monopolar or bipolar transurethral resection between March 2019 and April 2021 were prospectively reviewed. Results: Thirty patients were included in each group. The mean age in monopolar and bipolar arms was 59.9 and 57.5 years, respectively. The obturator reflex occurred in 13.33% and 36.66% of the bipolar and monopolar arms, respectively (p = 0.032). Bladder perforation was reported in 2 cases in the monopolar arm. The resection time was significantly longer for the monopolar arm (25.45 Vs 22.85 minutes). Also, the monopolar arm reported longer mean irrigation (23.34 Vs 20.11, p = 0.039), with 1 TUR syndrome reported in the monopolar arm. The mean hemoglobin drop was more in the monopolar arm (0.9 Vs 0.5 gm/dl, p = 0.041). No statistical significance was reported regarding the histopathology results, and one patient in the monopolar group did not have muscle in his specimen. There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence and prognosis between both groups. Conclusions: The bipolar technique has demonstrated its reliability and efficiency as a surgical procedure, providing various advantages while minimizing the risk of complications.

CMOS电路中抗Latch-up的保护环结构研究

闩锁是CMOS集成电路中的一种寄生效应,这种PNPN结构一旦被触发,从电源到地会产生大电流,导致整个芯片的失效。针对芯片在实际测试中发现的闩锁问题,介绍了闩锁的测试方法,并且利用软件Tsuprem4和Medici模拟整个失效过程,在对2类保护环(多子环/少子环)作用的分析,以及各种保护结构的模拟基础之上,通过对比触发电压和电流,得到一种最优的抗Latch up版图设计方法,通过进一步的流片、测试,解决了芯片中的闩锁失效问题,验证了这种结构的有效性。

Differences of Plasma Levels of Tryptophan, Serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindole Acetic Acid, and Kynurenine between Healthy People and Patients of Major Monopolar Depression at Various Age and Gender

Background: It is not well analyzed whether there are differences in plasma levels of tryptophan (TRP) metabolites between healthy control people (HC) and patients of major monopolar depression (MMD). Methods: Ultra high-speed liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used for the simultaneous determination of plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites in depressive patients. Results: There are no significant differences between plasma levels of TRP between HC and MMD. Plasma levels of TRP of HC are higher in young men, young women, old men, and old women in this order. Serotonin (5-HT) levels are higher in MMD than HC. Plasma levels of 5-HIAA of HC are also higher than those of patients of MMD. Plasma levels of kynurenine (KYN) of healthy old men and old women are higher than those of young men and old women. Plasma levels of KYN are higher in old women and young men of MMD than those of HC. Conclusion: Plasma levels of 5-HT are higher in patients of MMD than those of HC, which may suggest that use of drugs inhibiting the 5-HT transportation may increase plasma levels of 5-HT in MMD.

Comparison of Plasma Levels of Tryptophan Metabolites between Healthy People and Patients of Bipolar Depression at Various Age and Gender

Background: It is not well analyzed whether there are differences in plasma levels of tryptophan (TRP) metabolites between healthy control people (HC) and patients of type II bipolar depression (BDII). Methods: Ultra high-speed liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used for the simultaneous determination of plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites in depressive patients. Results: Plasma levels of TRP are not different between HC and patients of BDII. Serotonin (5-HT) levels are higher in BDII than HC. Plasma levels of 5-HIAA of HC are higher than those of old women of BDII, but lower in young women of BDII. Plasma levels of kynurenine (KYN) of HC are not different from those of patients of BDII. Conclusion: Plasma levels of 5-HT are higher in patients of BDII than those of HC, which may suggest that use of drugs inhibiting the 5-HT transportation and lower transporter biding may increase plasma levels of 5-HT in patients of BD.

不孕症实施腹腔镜下输卵管、卵巢电凝电切手术对卵巢功能的近期影响

目的:研究不孕症腹腔镜下实施输卵管、卵巢电凝、电切手术对卵巢功能的近期影响。方法:不孕症行腹腔镜下输卵管、卵巢电凝、电切手术53例,分别于术前(月经第2～3天),术后第1天、第5天、1个月(月经第2～3天)、3个月(月经第2～3天)抽血测定卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)水平,术后随访6个月了解其排卵及妊娠情况。结果:53例不孕症患者术后第1天LH、E2、P、T水平增高(P<0.05);术后1个月除E2增高、LH下降(P<0.05);3个月PRL下降(P<0.05)。术后半年排卵率为92.45%,妊娠率为39.62%。结论:不孕症行腹腔镜下输卵管、卵巢电凝、电切手术不加重卵巢近期功能的损害。不孕症输卵管、卵巢手术后可提高排卵率及妊娠率。

腹腔镜采用高频电刀用于卵巢止血对卵巢功能的近期影响

目的研究腹腔镜采用高频电刀用于卵巢止血对卵巢功能的近期影响。方法单侧卵巢囊肿拟行囊肿剔除术88例患者,随机分为对照开腹组、单极电凝组、双极电凝组。所有患者分别于术前、术后1个月、术后3个月抽血测定E2、P、T、FSH、LH的水平,并进行术后随访。结果三组病例在术后1月均出现E2下降,FSH、LH增高,分别与术前比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),但三组之间FSH、LH、E2比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后3月各种激素水平与术前及术后1月比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月以单极电凝组和对照开腹组导致月经异常的较其它组例数多,但三组间比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论与开腹组比较腹腔镜手术使用高频电刀不加重卵巢近期功能的损害。

单双极电极系统宫腔镜手术对患者电解质影响的比较

【目的】探讨宫腔镜手术中,因电极系统的不同,对患者电解质影响的差别。【方法】选择宫腔镜电切术患者104例,按照手术中应用电极系统的不同将其分为两组:单极电切组50例,双极电切组54例。于术前、术后即刻测定血钠、氯、钾、糖及血浆渗透压等指标,并记录手术时间、膨宫液吸收量。【结果】在单极与双极电切组中,手术时间、膨宫液吸收量和血糖、血钠、血氯变化值分别是:(16±7)min与(14±4)min,495.0mL与300.0mL,(6±9)mmol/L与(1.5±1.0)mmol/L,(-3±5)mmol/L与(-1.5±1.5)mmol/L,(-1±3)mmol/L与(0.5±1.6)mmol/L。与单极电切术比较,双极电切术手术时间短,膨宫液吸收量少,对患者生化的影响更小。【结论】双极电极系统在维持电解质平衡方面更具优越性。

相模变换法分析特高压直流输电线路接地故障

为研究双极运行的特高压直流输电系统中单极接地故障过电压,采用相模变换法分析了双极运行的特高压直流输电系统单极接地故障。首先建立故障时的模量电路,分析线路不同端口性质下健全极过电压的波形特征和幅值,然后结合模量电路分析,以云广直流输电工程为对象,建立了双极直流输电系统的单极接地故障模型,计算和分析了多种因素如故障接地电阻、直流滤波器的工作状态、平波电抗器的布置方式等的影响以及故障时健全极沿线的过电压幅值分布情况。结果表明,直流滤波器的投入与否将改变直流线路端口的阻抗性质,对故障时的过电压影响显著:投入直流滤波器时,中点接地故障时健全极过电压最大可达1.76p.u.,平波电抗器布置方式对健全极过电压幅值无影响;未投入直流滤波器时,平波电抗器布置方式将直接影响到健全极过电压的幅值。

超声刀及单、双极电凝对兔卵巢组织热效应及术后粘连的比较研究

目的比较腹腔镜下使用超声刀及单、双极电凝对兔卵巢组织造成的热损伤程度和术后粘连情况,探讨腹腔镜下卵巢手术中适宜的止血方法。方法将中国家兔随机分为四组,对照组开腹缝合卵巢组织,其余组则模拟腹腔镜手术对兔卵巢分别进行超声刀和电凝止血,术后2周观察卵巢组织粘连及热损伤范围。结果对照组较腹腔镜各组粘连分数高,比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),腹腔镜各组间比较无差异(P>0.05)。腹腔镜各组中组织热损伤以超声刀损伤范围最小,以单极电凝损伤最大。结论腹腔镜能减轻术后卵巢粘连的发生;超声刀对组织热损伤小。

模块化多电平换流器型高压直流电缆过电压仿真计算和分析

在海底电缆运行中确保电缆安全是第1要务。为了更好地分析海底电缆过电压,依托舟山多端柔性直流输电示范工程,在PSCAD仿真软件中搭建了两端模块化多电平换流器型高压直流(MMC-HVDC)仿真模型,采用统计法对定海—岱山直流电缆操作过电压进行了仿真计算,确定了其最大过电压。针对MMC-HVDC输电工程的特点,分析了闭锁延时时间、直流电缆长度和中性点接地电阻对直流电缆过电压的影响。结果表明:闭锁延时时间<2 ms可以有效降低电缆过电压,电缆长度与铅套-铠装、铠装-地之间的过电压呈正相关性,中性点接地电阻对电缆过电压无明显影响。

腹腔镜良性卵巢囊肿剔除术使用超声刀及单、双极电凝对卵巢功能的近期影响

目的:研究腹腔镜良性卵巢囊肿剔除术使用超声刀及单、双极电凝对卵巢功能的近期影响。方法:单侧卵巢囊肿拟行囊肿剔除术116例患者,随机分为对照开腹组、超声刀组、单极电凝组、双极电凝组。所有患者分别于术前、术后1月、术后3月抽血测定E2、P、T、FSH、LH的水平,并进行术后随访。结果:四组病例在术后1月均出现E2下降及FSH、LH增高,分别与术前比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),但4组之间FSH、LH、E2比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后3月各种激素水平与术前及术后1月比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后三个月以单极电凝组和对照开腹组导致月经异常的较其它组例数多,但4组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术使用超声刀、单极及双极电凝不加重卵巢近期功能的损害。

腹腔镜良性卵巢囊肿剥除术对卵巢功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中使用单、双极电凝及缝合对卵巢功能的影响。方法:137例单侧卵巢良性囊肿患者,均行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术,按不同的止血方法,将患者分为3组:单极电凝组40例、双极电凝组50例、镜下缝合组47例,分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月的月经第3天抽空腹血检测雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡激素(FSH),并经阴道超声计数窦卵泡数。结果:3组病例术后3个月较术前均出现E2水平下降和FSH水平增高,窦卵泡数减少,其中单极电凝组和双极电凝组分别与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。与镜下缝合组比较,单极电凝组和双极电凝组术后窦卵泡数以及E2、FSH均有显著差异(P<0.05)。术后3个月双极电凝组的E2较单极电凝组高,有显著差异(P<0.05);术后6个月两组的E2较术后3个月增高,也有显著差异(P<0.05),但窦卵泡数术后6个月较术后3个月无显著差异。结论:腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除创面采用电凝止血会引起对卵巢功能的损害,而使用镜下缝合止血可更好地保留其功能。

腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术使用单、双极电凝对卵巢功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中使用单、双极电凝对卵巢功能的影响。方法选择90例单侧卵巢良性肿瘤患者,均行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术,按不同的止血方法,将其分为3组:单极电凝组30例、双极电凝组30例、镜下缝合组30例作为对照组。分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月抽血检测E2、FSH、LH,并术后随访。结果单极电凝组和双极电凝组术后发生月经改变及围绝经期综合征明显多于镜下缝合组(P<0.05)。3组病例术后3个月和术后6个月较术前均出现E2下降和FSH、LH增高,其中单极电凝组和双极电凝组分别与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。此两组分别与镜下缝合组术后E2、FSH、LH的比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。双极电凝组术后3个月的E2较单极电凝组高,有显著性差异(P<0.05),该两组的E2术后6个月较术后3个月增高,也有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除创面采用电凝止血会引起对卵巢功能的损害,而使用镜下缝合止血可更好地保留其功能。

双极等离子体电外科系统与单极电外科系统体外切割前列腺组织汽化率的比较研究

目的:比较双极等离子体电外科系统(ESSB)与单极电外科系统(ESSM)在前列腺大体标本体外切割实验中的前列腺组织汽化率。方法:本研究中良性前列腺增生症患者30例,年龄(75.4±5.5)岁,均接受耻骨上前列腺增生腺瘤剜除术,剜除腺瘤重(49.7±17.9)g。在剜除腺瘤上取2块各重5 g、边长约1.7 cm的立方小体组织标本,在体外空气中分别使用ESSB和ESSM用相同操作方法将立方小体切割成10小片,切割后的组织碎片分别称重并计算组织汽化率,对结果进行统计学分析。结果:ESSB组腺瘤组织体外切割后称重为(2.7±0.1)g,汽化率为(52.9±2.8)%;ESSM组腺瘤组织体外切割后称重为(2.7±0.1)g,汽化率为(54.0±2.6)%;两组间前列腺组织汽化率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:ESSB与ESSM对前列腺腺瘤组织的汽化率无明显差异。

功率集成电路中一种抗闩锁方法研究

在分析功率集成电路中闩锁效应的基础上,采取一种抗闩锁方法,即在高低压之间做一道接地的少子保护环。通过对环的电位、位置和宽度的研究,利用软件工具Tsuprem4和Medici进行模拟比较,并应用于实际版图中进行流片。这种保护结构可以将闩锁的触发电压提高一个数量级,在实际的闩锁静态测试中得到验证。

关于早产儿床旁视频脑电图监测方法的探讨

目的:探讨更适合新生儿、早产儿床旁视频脑电图(video electroencephalogram,VEEG)监测的导联方法。方法:对22例不同受孕龄的早产儿同时采用单极、平均参考、双极导联进行VEEG监测。将同一时段中产生的伪迹进行分类,并计数每种伪迹,同时从组成早产儿脑电图背景活动的各要素及畸形波形态进行比较分析。结果:单极导联与平均参考及双极导联存在统计学差异的有同化现象(P=0.000、0.000)、电极伪迹(P=0.000、0.000)、环境伪迹(P=0.000、0.001)、心电伪迹(P=0.000)、线路/交流电伪迹(P=0.002、0.004)。而各种脑波的波幅在3种导联中无统计学差异(P=0.172、0.099、0.145),频率均同步一致。另外,平均参考导联记录的脑波形态、位相以及空间分布更接近真实情况,优于双极导联。结论:平均参考导联记录的EEG不仅伪迹较少,而且能更清晰、可靠的反映出早产儿背景活动及异常波的形态。

普通器械、子宫血管缝扎的全腹腔镜子宫切除56例

目的探讨采用普通器械、子宫血管缝扎的全腹腔镜子宫切除术(total laparoscopic hysterectomy,TLH)的安全性。方法 2009年6月～2010年10月,采用杯状举宫器,单、双极电凝等常用腹腔镜器械,子宫血管缝扎的方法行TLH 56例。子宫正常大小12例,如孕8～10周24例,如孕9～12周20例。结果 56例均于腹腔镜下完成手术,联合卵巢囊肿剔除3例,盆腔粘连松解7例,腹腔镜阑尾切除术2例。无中转开腹。手术时间76～146 min,(97.6±11.6)min;术中出血量55～105 ml,(85.7±23.5)ml。术后住院4～5 d。术中及术后均未出现并发症。56例随访6～9个月,无异常。结论普通器械、子宫血管缝扎应用于TLH,能有效阻断子宫血供,操作简单,安全有效,值得在基层医院推广应用。

换瓣术中单极、双极射频消融治疗风心病房颤的临床研究

目的回顾分析风湿性心脏病并房颤患者在瓣膜置换术中分别应用单极射频消融、双极射频消融治疗的两组房颤病例资料,探讨两者的优缺点和临床实用价值。方法在瓣膜置换术中同期对12例患者应用国产单极射频消融机按改良迷宫法行房颤单极射频消融治疗（组一）;对70例患者应用进口双极射频消融系统按改良迷宫法方行房颤双极射频消融治疗（组二）。结果组一：随访22~30个月,无死亡;10例恢复维持窦性心律,占83%（10/12例）;2例房颤复发,占17%（2/12）。组二随访10~50个月,恢复维持窦性心律61例,占87%（61/70例）;房扑心律3例,占4.2%（3/70例）;房颤复发6例,占8.5%（6/70例）。结论双极射频消融较单极射频消融治疗风心病房颤,恢复窦性心律成功率高,安全可靠,省时,有利于心肌保护,易于操作推广,具有较好的临床实用价值。

单、双极电凝在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中的应用

目的探讨单、双极电凝在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术中的可行性及安全性。方法将128例有腹腔镜全子宫切除术指征的患者按随机数字表法分为2组,单双极电凝组和双极电凝组,每组64例。对2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症、住院时间以及预后情况进行比较。结果单双极电凝组手术时间为(72.64±6.72)min,双极电凝组为(89.12±10.23)min,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),单双极电凝组术中出血量为(78.70±26.26)mL,双极电凝组为(98.23±27.89)mL,单双极电凝组的术中出血量明显少于双极凝血组(P<0.01);2组术中并发症、住院时间、预后情况等比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论联合使用单、双极电凝于腹腔镜全子宫切除术是安全、可行的;只要掌握单、双极电凝的操作技巧,手术时间可明显缩短,出血量减少。