University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the...University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the fundamental task of cultivating talents.The present study proposes that due to the multiple identities of university teachers,it is necessary to evaluate the construction of teachers’morality and ethics in terms of what to evaluate and how to evaluate?It is expected that the attempt will provide useful guidance for the construction of university teachers’morality and ethics.展开更多
Health Priority is increasingly becoming a human need and an international consensus.In addition to the basic value judgment and direction-leading function,Health Priority also has a clear,practical meaning and distin...Health Priority is increasingly becoming a human need and an international consensus.In addition to the basic value judgment and direction-leading function,Health Priority also has a clear,practical meaning and distinct tool attributes.The text adheres to the organic unity of regularity and purpose,follows the modern medical model and the philosophy of system theory,combines the characteristic facts,and discusses the value rationality and tool rationality of Health Priority based on the whole process management,and tries to refine the Health Priority governance model with Chinese characteristics,so as to provide a reference for global health governance.展开更多
This paper introduces the types of traditional farm tools,and analyzes the value rationality of these traditional farm tools:on the one hand,these farm tools have witnessed the farming culture,and they are also a mani...This paper introduces the types of traditional farm tools,and analyzes the value rationality of these traditional farm tools:on the one hand,these farm tools have witnessed the farming culture,and they are also a manifestation of local culture in the Taomin area,representing the cultural characteristics and civilization progress of this area.展开更多
Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cogn...Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cognition,manifesting the concept of dualism of mind and body.With the development of cognitive science in the 1980s,the second generation of cognitive science redefines the relationship between mind and body,thought and behavior,and reason and feeling and puts forward the concept of embodied cognition,representing monism of mind and body.It is claimed that the formation of concepts,categorical cognition and the evolution of rational thinking are characterized by embodiment,which is the necessary condition and basis for the formation of human rationality.The current study traces the shift of cognitive science from dualism to monism of mind and body and explores the relationship between rationality and sensibility from the perspective of philosophical basis and interpretations,with an aim to achieve a better understanding and thorough interpretation of human rationality.In this heated discussion about embodied cognition,there are still some fundamental questions that need to be further clarified,such as the essence and mechanism of human cognition,the ways that human body participates in cognitive activities,especially imagination and reasoning.The research paradigm of embodied cognition and its relevant theory have not been established and developed yet,and empirical research from interdisciplinary perspectives is far from enough to provide hard evidence for embodied cognition.展开更多
Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are "bounded rational". However, it is very difficult to quan...Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are "bounded rational". However, it is very difficult to quantify "bounded rationality", and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint its impact to all those economic theories that depend on the assumption of full rationality. Ariel Rubinstein proposed to model bounded rationality by explicitly specifying the decision makers' decision-making procedures. This paper takes a computational point of view to Rubinstein's approach. From a computational point of view, decision procedures can be encoded in algorithms and heuristics. We argue that, everything else being equal, the effective rationality of an agent is determined by its computational power - we refer to this as the computational intelligence determines effective rationality (CIDER) theory. This is not an attempt to propose a unifying definition of bounded rationality. It is merely a proposal of a computational point of view of bounded rationality. This way of interpreting bounded rationality enables us to (computationally) reason about economic systems when the full rationality assumption is relaxed.展开更多
This article takes the general branch of the Huizhou College of the Democratic League of Huizhou College in recent years as an example. Through literature review, field research, case analysis, and other research meth...This article takes the general branch of the Huizhou College of the Democratic League of Huizhou College in recent years as an example. Through literature review, field research, case analysis, and other research methods, it summarized how the Democratic League of Huizhou College made good use of various activity carriers in ideological and political education. It combined discipline construction, scientific research platforms, school-government-enterprise, and other cooperation platforms. From educational methods to subject transformation and integration, and from daily teaching to social practice, it promoted the role of college teachers in the alliance to play the role of cultivating people in the era of college education reform. The aim was to put forward that in educating others, they should first educate themselves, teachers had two-way morality in terms of teacher ethics and professionalism, effectively integrated ideological and political courses into professional teaching and practice, and realized waiting for flowers to bloom in the “context”<sup>1</sup> teaching environment like the cultivation effect of salt in water.展开更多
As an excellent novelist of Victorian Age, George Eliot is famous for her brilliance and anti traditional thoughts. Eliot's views on morality and rich life experiences are also drawing people's attention. The ...As an excellent novelist of Victorian Age, George Eliot is famous for her brilliance and anti traditional thoughts. Eliot's views on morality and rich life experiences are also drawing people's attention. The Mill on the Floss is Eliot's early works,which describes the heroine Maggie's short life experiences. She's brave enough to struggle for the outer strength. And from Maggie's behaviors, we can realize the standard of Eliot's views on morality. George Eliot is a faithful believer in the importance of morality in society. She acted by high moral standards in her own life and developed her moral ideas in her books.Eliot's moral ideas will be of great help in studying Eliot's works.展开更多
As a powerful distributed data processing mechanism,MapReduce supports abundant parallel applications that process massive data on computer clusters.To process the massive data efficiently and correctly,a rational des...As a powerful distributed data processing mechanism,MapReduce supports abundant parallel applications that process massive data on computer clusters.To process the massive data efficiently and correctly,a rational design for the MapReduce procedure is desired.An irrational MapReduce procedure can cause great waste of computing resources and even paralyze the execution system.With the wide application of MapReduce,the unavoidable drawback of irrational MapReduce procedures becomes increasingly serious.To solve this problem,a method for verifying the rationality of a MapReduce procedure before executing it on a computer cluster is proposed.This method constructs the rationality criteria for MapReduce,and then studies an automatic approach for modelling MapReduce with an executable model object Petri net(OPN).Finally,the approaches for automatically identifying the rationality criteria by analyzing the consequence of model execution is developed.The results from extensive case studies demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective.展开更多
In cooperative game theory, a central problem is to allocate fairly the win of the grand coalition to the players who agreed to cooperate and form the grand coalition. Such allocations are obtained by means of values,...In cooperative game theory, a central problem is to allocate fairly the win of the grand coalition to the players who agreed to cooperate and form the grand coalition. Such allocations are obtained by means of values, having some fairness properties, expressed in most cases by groups of axioms. In an earlier work, we solved what we called the Inverse Problem for Semivalues, in which the main result was offering an explicit formula providing the set of all games with an a priori given Semivalue, associated with a given weight vector. However, in this set there is an infinite set of games for which the Semivalues are not coalitional rational, perhaps not efficient, so that these are not fair practical solutions of the above fundamental problem. Among the Semivalues, coalitional rational solutions for the Shapley Value and the Banzhaf Value have been given in two more recent works. In the present paper, based upon a general potential basis, relative to Semivalues, for a given game and a given Semivalue, we solve the connected problem: in the Inverse Set, find out a game with the same Semivalue, which is also coalitional rational. Several examples will illustrate the corresponding numerical technique.展开更多
From the tragedy of campus shooting in United States to animal tortures of Chinese college student,the morality and the effect it can have on the young people is arresting all the time.There are several aims which par...From the tragedy of campus shooting in United States to animal tortures of Chinese college student,the morality and the effect it can have on the young people is arresting all the time.There are several aims which participants in the higher educational process.They may demonstrate as the aims about which they are concerned.Such aims,sometimes,may be referred to not as they were particular aims in the educational process but the proper aims of higher education itself.The aims of higher education may vary.It may be claimed that the aim of higher education is to develop the potential of all individuals or to education is to develop the potential of all individuals or to educate the whole man.So how do we understand the education of the"whole man"?It is obviously a phrase which can easily catch eyeballs.I think that it includes the concept which various aspects of human nature must be cultivated for,intellectual and imaginative,rational and emotional,or as it sometimes expressed,physical,mental,moral and spiritual.Someone argues that morality plays an important role in shaping lives and values of children,but not adults.In this paper,the author will discuss whether morality should be taught in college.展开更多
D.H.Lawrence believes that the root of the boredom is the suppression of people's sensuality in a society which requires too much on people's rationality and their abidance by conventions.
In uncovering the mechanisms of teaching critical thinking in China,scholars tend to ignore the re-quirement of rational thinking in teaching. Based on the discussion of rational presuppositions of critical thinking i...In uncovering the mechanisms of teaching critical thinking in China,scholars tend to ignore the re-quirement of rational thinking in teaching. Based on the discussion of rational presuppositions of critical thinking in Western cultures, this article argues that, while Western critical thinking presets a kind of rationality which is biased to-wards descriptive logic rather than prescriptive logic, the virtue - centered traditional Chinese culture cultivates a gener-al habit of using methods of prescriptive logic. Descriptive logic accounts for “how to get” true judgments while pre- scriprive logic aims at explaining “why a true judgment is true”. Critical thinking education in China should pay more attention to the role descriptive logic plays. The fact that the new - media infomiarion disseminarion is deepening in- tercultiiral communication makes it necessary to implement critical thinking education in China,but the implementa-tion should be focused on cultivating the students* ability to organize discourse in a logical way.展开更多
Most of the studies on characteristic towns have made policy interpretation and planning convergence as the research focus. There is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the connotation, essence and scientificalness...Most of the studies on characteristic towns have made policy interpretation and planning convergence as the research focus. There is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the connotation, essence and scientificalness of characteristic towns. Starting from planning rationality and the source of characteristic towns, this study summarizes the cultivation process and essence of characteristic towns, looks forward to its development prospects and expounds the connotation, innovation and scientificalness of characteristic towns in east China’s Zhejiang Province and other places. The study believes that the innovation of the characteristic town Zhejiang model is reflected in the three aspects of industrial choice, space carrier and system design, but there are rational logical faults from the existing cases to the promotion of the whole province, from Zhejiang experience to national promotion. From the perspective of planning rationality, the construction of characteristic towns in China is a development model under the leadership of political rationality. Planners should clearly understand and provide technical rational support to improve the practice of characteristic towns.展开更多
With the central goal of profit maximization,economic rationality has been pursued by the so ciety under the capitalist mode of production,which has caused great dam age to the environment.Andre Gorz,the representativ...With the central goal of profit maximization,economic rationality has been pursued by the so ciety under the capitalist mode of production,which has caused great dam age to the environment.Andre Gorz,the representative of French ecological Marxism,put forward the conception of ecolo gical ratio nality,try ing to break away from the traditional economic rationality by centering on human beings and building an ecological socialist society in which human and nature co-exist harmoniously.Due to the institutional defects of capitalism in itself,Gorz’s conception of ecological rationality can only become a fantasy in capitalist countries.How ever,his ideas have a strong practical value for the construction of ecological civilization in so cialist countries.展开更多
In the Inverse Set relative to a Semivalue, we are looking for a new game for which the Semivalue of the original game is coalitional rational. The problem is solved by means of the Power Game of the given game. The p...In the Inverse Set relative to a Semivalue, we are looking for a new game for which the Semivalue of the original game is coalitional rational. The problem is solved by means of the Power Game of the given game. The procedures of building the new game, as well as the case of the Banzhaf Value are illustrated by means of some examples.展开更多
In this paper,on the basis of analyzing farmers' dominant position in society and explanation of farmers' rationality,we make use of Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs to divide farmers' needs into thr...In this paper,on the basis of analyzing farmers' dominant position in society and explanation of farmers' rationality,we make use of Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs to divide farmers' needs into three levels in accordance with the different stages: survival needs,interpersonal harmony and social responsibility,which are the needs hierarchies for farmers to satisfy themselves. We combine Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs and farmers' rationality and confirm that farmers do have rationality and it is in a dynamic condition.展开更多
The rationality of land use structure was evaluated with dynamic TOPSIS method based on changing data of land use from 2008 to 2011 in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area. The results showed that during 2008- 2011,the ...The rationality of land use structure was evaluated with dynamic TOPSIS method based on changing data of land use from 2008 to 2011 in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area. The results showed that during 2008- 2011,the rationality of land use structure was totally high,the dynamic value hi of Changsha,Zhuzhou,Xiangtan and the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area was 0. 7954,0. 7821,0. 8245 and0. 8186,respectively; the value Ci( tk) reflecting the rationality of land use structure at different time points was rapidly increased,and the gap between regions was not big and shrinking. According to the grey relational analysis,the change of different land use types had different effects on the rationality of land use structure: transportation land,the land for cities,towns and villages and the land for mining and industry are most highly correlated with the rationality of land use structure,while arable land,woodland,water area and water conservancy facility land have also an important impact on the rationality of land use structure; controlling the excessive growth of transportation land,the land for cities,towns and villages and the land for mining and industry,protecting arable land,forest land,water area and water conservancy facility land,and moderately increasing the garden plot,plays a decisive role in optimizing the land use structure in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area.展开更多
Economics and psychology take distinct approaches to predicting and formalizing human behavior. Economics focuses on the normative view of rationality, while psychology emphasizes the descriptive nature of rationality...Economics and psychology take distinct approaches to predicting and formalizing human behavior. Economics focuses on the normative view of rationality, while psychology emphasizes the descriptive nature of rationality. This article reviews models of rationality related to understanding human decision making, including notions of complete rationality, bounded rationality, and ecological rationality. By examining the aims and functions of such rationality models, the author wishes to draw attention to the utility of ecological rationality and adaptive rationality approaches in a unified theoretical model for understanding human rationality. The ecological rationality approach evaluates not only by performance, but more importantly by how well the behavior fits the individual' s environment. The adaptive rationality approach completes this model by additionally incorporating changes to the environment.展开更多
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is honored as the most typical novel of American literature after the Civil War. This story unveils the hypocrisy of religion and scoffs at the conventional social principle. Affecte...The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is honored as the most typical novel of American literature after the Civil War. This story unveils the hypocrisy of religion and scoffs at the conventional social principle. Affected by the deep-rooted racial discrimination, Huck pays little respect to the black slaves as other white people do at first. After embarking on the raft with Jim together, he has got the chance to know more about what the black slave truly is. He never stops struggling inside, and eventually Jim's kindness and loyalty helps Huck to waken humanity in his heart and defeat his moral conflict. Therefore through the deepened analysis of the plot and the author, the reasons for the change of Huck's morality can boil down to social conventions, Huck's complicated character, and moreover the democratic ideal of Twain.展开更多
文摘University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the fundamental task of cultivating talents.The present study proposes that due to the multiple identities of university teachers,it is necessary to evaluate the construction of teachers’morality and ethics in terms of what to evaluate and how to evaluate?It is expected that the attempt will provide useful guidance for the construction of university teachers’morality and ethics.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province“Research on Health Risk factor Evaluation and Governance of Hainan Free Trade Port”(Project No.722RC686).
文摘Health Priority is increasingly becoming a human need and an international consensus.In addition to the basic value judgment and direction-leading function,Health Priority also has a clear,practical meaning and distinct tool attributes.The text adheres to the organic unity of regularity and purpose,follows the modern medical model and the philosophy of system theory,combines the characteristic facts,and discusses the value rationality and tool rationality of Health Priority based on the whole process management,and tries to refine the Health Priority governance model with Chinese characteristics,so as to provide a reference for global health governance.
文摘This paper introduces the types of traditional farm tools,and analyzes the value rationality of these traditional farm tools:on the one hand,these farm tools have witnessed the farming culture,and they are also a manifestation of local culture in the Taomin area,representing the cultural characteristics and civilization progress of this area.
文摘Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cognition,manifesting the concept of dualism of mind and body.With the development of cognitive science in the 1980s,the second generation of cognitive science redefines the relationship between mind and body,thought and behavior,and reason and feeling and puts forward the concept of embodied cognition,representing monism of mind and body.It is claimed that the formation of concepts,categorical cognition and the evolution of rational thinking are characterized by embodiment,which is the necessary condition and basis for the formation of human rationality.The current study traces the shift of cognitive science from dualism to monism of mind and body and explores the relationship between rationality and sensibility from the perspective of philosophical basis and interpretations,with an aim to achieve a better understanding and thorough interpretation of human rationality.In this heated discussion about embodied cognition,there are still some fundamental questions that need to be further clarified,such as the essence and mechanism of human cognition,the ways that human body participates in cognitive activities,especially imagination and reasoning.The research paradigm of embodied cognition and its relevant theory have not been established and developed yet,and empirical research from interdisciplinary perspectives is far from enough to provide hard evidence for embodied cognition.
文摘Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are "bounded rational". However, it is very difficult to quantify "bounded rationality", and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint its impact to all those economic theories that depend on the assumption of full rationality. Ariel Rubinstein proposed to model bounded rationality by explicitly specifying the decision makers' decision-making procedures. This paper takes a computational point of view to Rubinstein's approach. From a computational point of view, decision procedures can be encoded in algorithms and heuristics. We argue that, everything else being equal, the effective rationality of an agent is determined by its computational power - we refer to this as the computational intelligence determines effective rationality (CIDER) theory. This is not an attempt to propose a unifying definition of bounded rationality. It is merely a proposal of a computational point of view of bounded rationality. This way of interpreting bounded rationality enables us to (computationally) reason about economic systems when the full rationality assumption is relaxed.
文摘This article takes the general branch of the Huizhou College of the Democratic League of Huizhou College in recent years as an example. Through literature review, field research, case analysis, and other research methods, it summarized how the Democratic League of Huizhou College made good use of various activity carriers in ideological and political education. It combined discipline construction, scientific research platforms, school-government-enterprise, and other cooperation platforms. From educational methods to subject transformation and integration, and from daily teaching to social practice, it promoted the role of college teachers in the alliance to play the role of cultivating people in the era of college education reform. The aim was to put forward that in educating others, they should first educate themselves, teachers had two-way morality in terms of teacher ethics and professionalism, effectively integrated ideological and political courses into professional teaching and practice, and realized waiting for flowers to bloom in the “context”<sup>1</sup> teaching environment like the cultivation effect of salt in water.
文摘As an excellent novelist of Victorian Age, George Eliot is famous for her brilliance and anti traditional thoughts. Eliot's views on morality and rich life experiences are also drawing people's attention. The Mill on the Floss is Eliot's early works,which describes the heroine Maggie's short life experiences. She's brave enough to struggle for the outer strength. And from Maggie's behaviors, we can realize the standard of Eliot's views on morality. George Eliot is a faithful believer in the importance of morality in society. She acted by high moral standards in her own life and developed her moral ideas in her books.Eliot's moral ideas will be of great help in studying Eliot's works.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2016CFB287)
文摘As a powerful distributed data processing mechanism,MapReduce supports abundant parallel applications that process massive data on computer clusters.To process the massive data efficiently and correctly,a rational design for the MapReduce procedure is desired.An irrational MapReduce procedure can cause great waste of computing resources and even paralyze the execution system.With the wide application of MapReduce,the unavoidable drawback of irrational MapReduce procedures becomes increasingly serious.To solve this problem,a method for verifying the rationality of a MapReduce procedure before executing it on a computer cluster is proposed.This method constructs the rationality criteria for MapReduce,and then studies an automatic approach for modelling MapReduce with an executable model object Petri net(OPN).Finally,the approaches for automatically identifying the rationality criteria by analyzing the consequence of model execution is developed.The results from extensive case studies demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
文摘In cooperative game theory, a central problem is to allocate fairly the win of the grand coalition to the players who agreed to cooperate and form the grand coalition. Such allocations are obtained by means of values, having some fairness properties, expressed in most cases by groups of axioms. In an earlier work, we solved what we called the Inverse Problem for Semivalues, in which the main result was offering an explicit formula providing the set of all games with an a priori given Semivalue, associated with a given weight vector. However, in this set there is an infinite set of games for which the Semivalues are not coalitional rational, perhaps not efficient, so that these are not fair practical solutions of the above fundamental problem. Among the Semivalues, coalitional rational solutions for the Shapley Value and the Banzhaf Value have been given in two more recent works. In the present paper, based upon a general potential basis, relative to Semivalues, for a given game and a given Semivalue, we solve the connected problem: in the Inverse Set, find out a game with the same Semivalue, which is also coalitional rational. Several examples will illustrate the corresponding numerical technique.
文摘From the tragedy of campus shooting in United States to animal tortures of Chinese college student,the morality and the effect it can have on the young people is arresting all the time.There are several aims which participants in the higher educational process.They may demonstrate as the aims about which they are concerned.Such aims,sometimes,may be referred to not as they were particular aims in the educational process but the proper aims of higher education itself.The aims of higher education may vary.It may be claimed that the aim of higher education is to develop the potential of all individuals or to education is to develop the potential of all individuals or to educate the whole man.So how do we understand the education of the"whole man"?It is obviously a phrase which can easily catch eyeballs.I think that it includes the concept which various aspects of human nature must be cultivated for,intellectual and imaginative,rational and emotional,or as it sometimes expressed,physical,mental,moral and spiritual.Someone argues that morality plays an important role in shaping lives and values of children,but not adults.In this paper,the author will discuss whether morality should be taught in college.
文摘D.H.Lawrence believes that the root of the boredom is the suppression of people's sensuality in a society which requires too much on people's rationality and their abidance by conventions.
文摘In uncovering the mechanisms of teaching critical thinking in China,scholars tend to ignore the re-quirement of rational thinking in teaching. Based on the discussion of rational presuppositions of critical thinking in Western cultures, this article argues that, while Western critical thinking presets a kind of rationality which is biased to-wards descriptive logic rather than prescriptive logic, the virtue - centered traditional Chinese culture cultivates a gener-al habit of using methods of prescriptive logic. Descriptive logic accounts for “how to get” true judgments while pre- scriprive logic aims at explaining “why a true judgment is true”. Critical thinking education in China should pay more attention to the role descriptive logic plays. The fact that the new - media infomiarion disseminarion is deepening in- tercultiiral communication makes it necessary to implement critical thinking education in China,but the implementa-tion should be focused on cultivating the students* ability to organize discourse in a logical way.
文摘Most of the studies on characteristic towns have made policy interpretation and planning convergence as the research focus. There is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the connotation, essence and scientificalness of characteristic towns. Starting from planning rationality and the source of characteristic towns, this study summarizes the cultivation process and essence of characteristic towns, looks forward to its development prospects and expounds the connotation, innovation and scientificalness of characteristic towns in east China’s Zhejiang Province and other places. The study believes that the innovation of the characteristic town Zhejiang model is reflected in the three aspects of industrial choice, space carrier and system design, but there are rational logical faults from the existing cases to the promotion of the whole province, from Zhejiang experience to national promotion. From the perspective of planning rationality, the construction of characteristic towns in China is a development model under the leadership of political rationality. Planners should clearly understand and provide technical rational support to improve the practice of characteristic towns.
基金Project Name17 Technology Innovation Service Capability-Collaborative Innovation Center Construction of Socialist Theory with Chinese Characteristics in Beijing Colleges and Universities,Project No.036000546617516Beijing Science and Technology Research on Social Organization Development(S0027005201501)。
文摘With the central goal of profit maximization,economic rationality has been pursued by the so ciety under the capitalist mode of production,which has caused great dam age to the environment.Andre Gorz,the representative of French ecological Marxism,put forward the conception of ecolo gical ratio nality,try ing to break away from the traditional economic rationality by centering on human beings and building an ecological socialist society in which human and nature co-exist harmoniously.Due to the institutional defects of capitalism in itself,Gorz’s conception of ecological rationality can only become a fantasy in capitalist countries.How ever,his ideas have a strong practical value for the construction of ecological civilization in so cialist countries.
文摘In the Inverse Set relative to a Semivalue, we are looking for a new game for which the Semivalue of the original game is coalitional rational. The problem is solved by means of the Power Game of the given game. The procedures of building the new game, as well as the case of the Banzhaf Value are illustrated by means of some examples.
文摘In this paper,on the basis of analyzing farmers' dominant position in society and explanation of farmers' rationality,we make use of Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs to divide farmers' needs into three levels in accordance with the different stages: survival needs,interpersonal harmony and social responsibility,which are the needs hierarchies for farmers to satisfy themselves. We combine Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs and farmers' rationality and confirm that farmers do have rationality and it is in a dynamic condition.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(14JJ404214JJ2098)
文摘The rationality of land use structure was evaluated with dynamic TOPSIS method based on changing data of land use from 2008 to 2011 in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area. The results showed that during 2008- 2011,the rationality of land use structure was totally high,the dynamic value hi of Changsha,Zhuzhou,Xiangtan and the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area was 0. 7954,0. 7821,0. 8245 and0. 8186,respectively; the value Ci( tk) reflecting the rationality of land use structure at different time points was rapidly increased,and the gap between regions was not big and shrinking. According to the grey relational analysis,the change of different land use types had different effects on the rationality of land use structure: transportation land,the land for cities,towns and villages and the land for mining and industry are most highly correlated with the rationality of land use structure,while arable land,woodland,water area and water conservancy facility land have also an important impact on the rationality of land use structure; controlling the excessive growth of transportation land,the land for cities,towns and villages and the land for mining and industry,protecting arable land,forest land,water area and water conservancy facility land,and moderately increasing the garden plot,plays a decisive role in optimizing the land use structure in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area.
基金funded by the Chinese National Science Foundation(CNSF:71401089)Tsinghua Research Initiation Fund(20151080447)
文摘Economics and psychology take distinct approaches to predicting and formalizing human behavior. Economics focuses on the normative view of rationality, while psychology emphasizes the descriptive nature of rationality. This article reviews models of rationality related to understanding human decision making, including notions of complete rationality, bounded rationality, and ecological rationality. By examining the aims and functions of such rationality models, the author wishes to draw attention to the utility of ecological rationality and adaptive rationality approaches in a unified theoretical model for understanding human rationality. The ecological rationality approach evaluates not only by performance, but more importantly by how well the behavior fits the individual' s environment. The adaptive rationality approach completes this model by additionally incorporating changes to the environment.
文摘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is honored as the most typical novel of American literature after the Civil War. This story unveils the hypocrisy of religion and scoffs at the conventional social principle. Affected by the deep-rooted racial discrimination, Huck pays little respect to the black slaves as other white people do at first. After embarking on the raft with Jim together, he has got the chance to know more about what the black slave truly is. He never stops struggling inside, and eventually Jim's kindness and loyalty helps Huck to waken humanity in his heart and defeat his moral conflict. Therefore through the deepened analysis of the plot and the author, the reasons for the change of Huck's morality can boil down to social conventions, Huck's complicated character, and moreover the democratic ideal of Twain.