Knee Arthroplasty Incidence Rate vs. Revision of Knee Arthroplasty and Its Associated Comorbidities in Colombia

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been established as a transformative solution in the treatment of advanced degenerative diseases of the knee, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic arthritis. In this sense, TKA surgery, which seeks to replace the damaged joint with prosthetic components, has proven to be highly effective in relieving pain, improving joint function, and, ultimately, significantly increasing patients’ quality of life. The present study describes the TKA and revision knee arthroplasty (RKA) rates and, identifies the associated co morbidities in the Colombian context. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. It describes demographic and clinical characteristics between two groups of patients, TKA or RKA, and its association with mortality at 30 days, 90 days, or one year after the intervention. Results: The incidence rate of the population undergoing TKA was approximately 11.71 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the incidence rate for revision knee arthroplasty (RKA) procedures in the same period was around 0.96 per 100,000 inhabitants. In both groups at 30 days postoperatively, a total mortality rate of 0.09%was recorded. When the follow-up was extended to 90 days, it increased to 0.15%;at one year postoperatively, it rose to 0.88%. Conclusion: Mortality after surgery was low in Colombia in 2019. Although RKA is a beneficial procedure, in certain circumstances, it was noted that it carries a higher risk compared to primary TKA. Our results emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of co morbidities and risk factors in patients undergoing these surgical procedures. The application of quality-of-life questionnaires should be considered in future studies on effectiveness and mortality for TKA and RKA in our country.

A specific objective supplemental factor in evaluating acute mountain sickness: ΔHR in combination with SaO_2

Background: So far, there have been no measurements confirmed useful in diagnosing acute mountain sickness(AMS). The aim of this study was to determine the role of heart rate(HR) difference(ΔHR) and oxygen saturation(Sa O2) as objective risk factors in aiding the diagnosis of AMS.Methods: A total of 1,019 participants were assigned to either the acute exposure group(AEG): from 500 m to 3,700 m by flight within 2.5 hours(n=752); or the pre-acclimatization group(PAG): ascended to 4,400 m from 3,650 m within three hours by car after adapting 33 days at 3,650m(n=267). The questionnaires or measurements of resting Sa O2 and HR were completed between 18 and 24 hours before departure and after arrival.Results: Incidence of AMS was 61.3%(461) in AEG, with 46.1%(347) mild cases and 15.2%(114) severe cases. In PAG, the incidence was 38.9%(104), with 30.7%(82) mild cases and 8.2%(22) severe cases. The AMS subjects showed a significant increase in HR and a decrease in Sa O2 levels compared with the non-AMS subjects in both groups. ΔHR and post-exposure Sa O2 were significantly correlated with the Lake Louise Score(LLS) in both groups. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed the ΔHR >25 and Sa O2 <88% in AEG as well as ΔHR >15 and Sa O2 <86% in PAG to be independent risk factors of AMS. Combining these two measurements could specifically indicate participants with AMS, which showed a positive predictive value of 89% and specificity of 97% in AEG as well as 85% and 98% in PAG.Conclusion:ΔHR or Sa O2, as objective measurements, correlate with AMS. Combination of these two measurements may be useful as an additional specific and objective factor to further confirm the diagnosis of AMS.

Hidden risks associated with conventional short intermittent hemodialysis:A call for action to mitigate cardiovascular risk and morbidity

The development of maintenance hemodialysis(HD)for end stage kidney disease patients is a success story that continues to save many lives.Nevertheless,intermittent renal replacement therapy is also a source of recurrent stress for patients.Conventional thrice weekly short HD is an imperfect treatment that only partially corrects uremic abnormalities,increases cardiovascular risk,and exacerbates disease burden.Altering cycles of fluid loading associated with cardiac stretching(interdialytic phase)and then fluid unloading(intradialytic phase)likely contribute to cardiac and vascular damage.This unphysiologic treatment profile combined with cyclic disturbances including osmotic and electrolytic shifts may contribute to morbidity in dialysis patients and augment the health burdenof treatment. As such, HD patients are exposed to multiple stressors including cardiocirculatory,inflammatory, biologic, hypoxemic, and nutritional. This cascade of events can be termed thedialysis stress storm and sickness syndrome. Mitigating cardiovascular risk and morbidityassociated with conventional intermittent HD appears to be a priority for improving patientexperience and reducing disease burden. In this in-depth review, we summarize the hidden effectsof intermittent HD therapy, and call for action to improve delivered HD and develop treatmentschedules that are better tolerated and associated with fewer adverse effects.

Morbidity analysis of left hepatic trisectionectomy for hepatobiliary disease and live donor

Background:Despite remarkable advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management,left hepatic trisectionectomy(LHT)remains a challenging procedure with a somewhat high postoperative morbidity rate compared with less-extensive resections.This study aimed to analyze the short-and long-term outcomes of LHT and identify factors associated with the postoperative morbidity of this technically demanding surgical procedure.Methods:The medical records of 53 patients who underwent LHT between June 2005 and October 2019 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed.The independent prognostic factor of postoperative morbidity was analyzed using the logistic regression model.Results:Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common indication for surgery(n=21),followed by hilar cholangiocarcinoma(n=14),intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(n=10),and other pathologies(including colorectal liver metastasis,hepatolithiasis,gallbladder cancer,living donor,hemangioma,and multilocular biliary cyst;n=8).The rates of postoperative morbidities of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher and 90-day mortality were 39.6% and 1.9%,respectively.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 81.1%,61.4%,and 44.6%,respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative jaundice[hazard ratio(HR)=6.15,95%confidence interval(CI):1.57-24.17,P=0.009]and operative time>420 min(HR=4.66,95%CI:1.27–17.17,P=0.021)were independent predictors of postoperative morbidity.Conclusions:The in-hospital mortality of LHT surgery can be minimalized by a reliable preoperative evaluation of liver function and selection of the dominant anatomic features of right posterior sector,active and appropriate preoperative management for obstructive cholangitis and compensatory hypertrophy of the future remnant posterior sector,and the experience of the surgeon.

病态窦房结综合征动物模型的研究进展

病态窦房结综合征(sick sinus syndrome,SSS)是窦房结及其周边组织发生了损伤,使窦房结发生了兴奋、传导功能紊乱,从而引起了一系列的心律失常疾病。为更好地探索SSS发病机制,并为其治疗研究提供依据,建立出能够模拟人类窦房结功能紊乱的动物模型具有重要价值。本文从动物选择、造模原理及方法、模型评价方法及检测指标等方面进行综述,希望能够为更加深入研究SSS致病机制提供基础和依据。

Effectiveness and safety of splenectomy for gastric carcinoma:A meta-analysis

AIM： To evaluate the impact of splenectomy on longterm survival, postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients with gastric cancer by performing a metaanalysis METHODS： A search of electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials in The Cochrane Library trials register, Mediine, CBMdisc （Chinese Biomedical Database） and J-STAGE, etc was performed. Data was extracted from the studies by 2 independent reviewers. Outcome measures were survival, postoperative morbidity and mortality and operation-related events. The meta-analyses were performed by RevMan 4.3. RESULTS： Three studies comprising 466 patients were available for analysis, with 231 patients treated by gastrectomy plus splenectomy. Splenectomy could not increase the 5-year overall survival rate [RR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval （CI） 0.97-1.41]. The postoperative morbidity （RR = 1.76, 95% CI 0.82-3.80） or mortality （RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.45-5.50） did not suggest any significant differences between the 2 groups. No significant differences were noted in terms of number of harvested lymph nodes, operation time, length of hospital stay and reoperation rate. Subgroup analyses showed splenectomy did not increase the survival rate for proximal and whole gastric cancer. No obvious differences were observed between the 2 groups when stratified by stage. Sensitivity analyses indicated no significant differences regarding the survival rates （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Splenectomy did not show a beneficial effect on survival rates compared to splenic preservation. Routinely performing splenectomy should not be recommended.

Relationship between autonomic nervous system function and acute mountain sickness

Objective: To elucidate the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in acute mountain sickness (AMS) during the initial phase at acute high-altitude exposure. Methods: Ninety-nine healthy sea-level residents rapidly ascended to Tibet plateau (3 675 m altitude) by airplane from Chengdu plain (560 m altitude). ANS function was tested in plain and day 2–4 in Tibet by heart rate variability (HRV), cold pressor test (CPT). AMS was evaluated by clinic symptomatic scores. All subjects were divided into non-AMS group (57, scores≤4) and AMS group (42, scores>4). Results: Compared with non-AMS group, AMS group had higher standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of delta RR (rMSSD), low-frequency (LF) power, and normalized low-frequency (LFnu) power in plain (P<0.05). After arrival at 3 675 m altitude, AMS group had greater reduction in percentage of delta RR>50 ms(PNN50), rMSSD (P<0.01) and SDNN, LF, total power (TP) (P<0.05). Although no significant differences in the increase of SP and DP during CPT were found between 2 groups in plain, the SP increase during CPT of AMS group was less than non-AMS group (P<0.05) at 3 675 m altitude. AMS symptomatic scores was not only positively correlated with SDNN, rMSSD, LF/HF in plain (P<0.05), but also negatively correlated with HFnu in plain (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the initial high altitude exposure, ANS modulation is generally blunted, but the relatively predominant sympathetic control is enhanced, and this characteristic change of ANS function is positively correlated with the development of AMS.

Changes in oxygen saturation can not help diagnose acute mountain sickness(AMS)： ascending to Lhasa on the Qinghai-Tibet train

Objective: Acute mountain sickness(AMS) is a common condition in individuals who ascend to altitudes over 2 500 m. There is no measurements that can reliably predict or diagnose this condition. We therefore determined whether pulse oximetry data are associated with the development of AMS and can help diagnose AMS. Methods: We studied 58 young male undergraduates who traveled from Chongqing(300 m) to Lhasa(3 658 m) by train. We collected data on the ascent profiles and AMS symptoms based on the Lake Louise Score(LLS). The resting arterial oxygen saturation(R-Sp O2) and pulse rate were then measured using finger pulse oximetry. Results: In Golmud(2 800 m) and Tanggula(5 200 m), R-SpO_2 was significantly lower in the AMS group than in the group without AMS(P<0.05). However, upon arrival in Lhasa(3 658 m), the R-SpO_2 was higher in the AMS group than in the non-AMS group(P<0.05). In Tanggula, the change in the SpO_2(CR-SpO_2) in the AMS group was higher than that in the non-AMS group(P<0.05). But in Lhasa, the CR-SpO_2 in the AMS group was lower than that in the non-AMS group(P<0.05). We also monitored heart rate(HR) throughout the study. In Xining(2 200 m) and Golmud, the HRs in the AMS group were higher than those in the non-AMS group. However, the HRs in the AMS group were lower than those in the non-AMS group in Tanggula and Lhasa. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the R-SpO_2 graph was not consistent. We can thus conclude that the utility of SpO_2 remains limited in the diagnosis of AMS. The results suggest that using pulse oximetry to diagnose AMS is not valuable in people ascending to Lhasa on the Qinghai-Tibet train.

2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生肺结核发病分析

目的分析咸阳市某民族高校学生2019—2021年肺结核发病情况,为提高学校和肺结核高发地区防控水平提供数据支持。方法回顾性研究咸阳市某民族高校学生系统,以2019年1月—2021年12月在校学生作为研究对象,基于学校学生系统,采集学生性别、年级、民族、地区等一般信息,并提取肺结核患病学生的一般信息及月份发病情况。采用描述性方法分析2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生肺结核发病情况,采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件分析2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生发病时间分布及发病人群特征分布特征(包括性别、年级、地区)。结果2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生累计报告肺结核患者为255例,发病率为668.20/10万,其中2019年、2020年、2021年发病率分别925.53/10万、540.58/10万、571.34/10万,2019年发病率最高。2019—2021年咸阳市某民族高校学生各月均有肺结核病例报告,其中2019年报告高峰为3、9、12月,2020—2021年病例报告曲线变化显示基本一致,3—4月为肺结核报告高峰,接下来月份均处于缓慢下降,9—10月为小高峰;来自西藏地区不同市大学生2019—2022年肺结核发病情况不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);按照年份来看,不同性别、年级和生源居住地的大学生肺结核发病情况不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论咸阳市某民族高校学生2019—2021年肺结核发病率呈不规律波动,但总体发病率仍然较高;发病高峰时间主要集中于3—4月、9—10月;低年级、男性学生应为结核病防控主要人群;藏区结核病患病率波动较大,可能与地区医疗水平提高有关,而低医疗水平地区仍然为重点防治地区。针对高风险重点人群,应加强结核病筛查及防控管理,预防结核病流行与蔓延。

Holter指导下中西医结合疗法在心率变异超常患者中的应用效果

目的探讨动态心电图(Holter)指导下中西医结合疗法在心率变异超常患者中的应用效果。方法选取2019年5月至2021年12月南昌医学院第一附属医院收治的120例心率变异超常患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组患者采用单药心宝丸治疗,观察组患者采用Holter指导下中西医结合疗法治疗。治疗2周后比较两组患者的最高心率、最低心率、平均心率、异位心律数、心率变异性指标[窦性心搏RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、RR间期的平均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差的均方根(rMMSD)、相邻RR间期差>50 ms的个数占总心跳次数的百分比(PNN50)],并比较中医症候积分,评价中医证候疗效。结果观察组患者治疗后的异位心律总数、各心率变异性指标、总心搏数、最快心率、平均心率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组的最慢心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者治疗后的中医证候总积分和主要症状心悸、气短、头晕单症状积分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组的胸闷单症状积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在Holter指导下,个体化心宝丸与美托洛尔联合治疗较单药心宝丸能有效改善心率变异超常患者临床症状。

基于Joinpoint回归分析我国不同地区肺结核的发病趋势

目的 研究中国不同地区肺结核发病的时间变化趋势,为制定肺结核防控措施提供参考依据。方法 收集我国公共卫生科学数据共享中心2004—2018年肺结核的发病率,利用joinpoint回归模型研究肺结核年发病率和季节发病率的时间变化趋势。结果 2004—2018年全国肺结核发病率整体呈现下降趋势,年均发病率73.9029/10万。Joinpoint回归分析显示:2004—2018年全国、东部、中部、西部和东北地区肺结核发病率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-3.11、-3.14、-3.44、-2.28、-2.77,P均<0.05)。2011-2018年东部和东北地区肺结核发病率呈下降趋势(APC=-3.86、-4.52,P均<0.05)。全国各地区肺结核发病情况存在明显的季节性,一二季度是发病高峰。东部和中部地区各季度均呈下降趋势(P<0.05);西部和东北地区在前三个季度肺结核发病率呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。2004—2016年各地区仅培阳和菌(-)肺结核的发病率持续上升(P<0.05)。结论 我国2004—2018年肺结核出现好转趋势,肺结核主要集中在西部地区以及第一、二季度,截止到2016年肺结核种类主要是仅培阳和菌(-)。应适当采用因地制宜的肺结核监测方法,针对重点地区和发病高峰期加强监管。

我国妊娠人群产后创伤后应激障碍患病率的Meta分析

目的:系统评价中国妊娠人群产后创伤后应激障碍患病率。方法:计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library等数据库,检索中国妊娠人群产后创伤后应激障碍患病率的相关文献,检索时间从建立数据库至2022年7月8日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取相关资料,在评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用R 4.1.1软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入16项研究,包括1054例产后创伤后应激障碍患者。Meta分析显示,妊娠人群产后创伤后应激障碍患病率为10%(95%CI 7%~13%);在早产或过期产的产后人群中,创伤后应激障碍患病率为21%(95%CI 7%~35%)。结论:中国妊娠人群产后创伤后应激障碍患病率较高,尤其是高危人群。建议产前及早发现高危人群,进行适当护理干预,改善产妇心理健康状态。

塔额垦区饲养主要肉牛品种选育进展研究

[目的]夏洛莱、安格斯、西门塔尔是新疆塔额垦区肉牛主要养殖品种,其中夏洛莱在垦区杂交改良已有50多年历史,养殖数量也最多,本文旨在比较三个肉牛品种的早期生长速度、体尺变化及规模养殖发病死亡的差异,分析不同养殖方式的适宜品种,为垦区养殖者选种和肉牛业发展提供理论和实践基础。[方法]试验选取月龄相近、数量不等、健康状况良好的夏洛莱、安格斯和西门塔尔肉牛,在相同营养水平和管理条件下饲养270天,分阶段逐个测定体重体尺、统计养殖发病和死亡情况,分析各品种间养殖情况差异。[结果]西门塔尔牛8月龄初始重、期末体重、日增重显著高于安格斯高于夏洛莱(P<0.05),体尺增长高于夏洛莱高于安格斯(P<0.05),患病死亡数量高于夏洛莱和安格斯。夏洛莱牛体重、体尺曲线分布较广,个体间差异相比其他两品种牛大,有40%的个体生长速度高于安格斯平均水平,体尺增长不亚于安格斯、西门塔尔(P>0.05),具有较大生长潜力。[结论]夏洛莱生产性能优秀尚欠整齐、抗逆性强,患病率表现稳定,适合在牧区、半牧区放牧养殖,适合在条件较差的农区半放牧补饲育肥。西门塔尔生长性能优越稳定,是规模化养殖很好的品种,农区舍饲商品化养殖生产可以有效提高料肉比和育肥肉牛的直接经济效益。

2004至2019年西藏自治区肺结核发病率与区域经济发展的动态关系分析

目的探讨2004至2019年西藏自治区肺结核发病率(PTMR)与区域经济发展的动态关系。方法根据2004至2019年西藏自治区的国内生产总值(GDP)、医疗保健支出(HCMS)、人均可支配收入(PCDI)与PTMR数据,构建向量自回归(VAR)模型,探讨PTMR与西藏自治区经济发展因素的动态关系。结果HCMS和PCDI是PTMR降低的格兰杰原因,GDP不是PTMR降低的格兰杰原因,GDP、HCMS、PCDI均能对PTMR产生中长期的正向影响,10期时贡献度分别为0.21%、74.38%、16.18%。结论经济发展因素在降低PTMR方面可发挥积极作用,但受经济发展本身的负面因素和其他因素(如医疗资源短缺)等影响,仍需进一步努力遏制结核病的流行蔓延。

Risk stratification of renal transplant recipients using routine parameters: Implication of learning from SARS-CoV-2 into transplant follow-up program

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is a global pandemic that is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality among recipients of solid organ transplantation.In the course of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection,various laboratory markers have been identified as predictors for high risk of mortality.AIM To risk stratify renal transplant recipients(RTxR)using general demographic parameters,comorbidities and routine laboratory markers for the severity of the disease and its outcomes.We believe that learning about these routinely monitored parameters can help us plan better strategies for the RTxR follow-up program.METHODS This present study includes RTxR who acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection from March 2020 to February 2021.We recorded the basic demographics,comorbidities and routine laboratory markers.We investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on RTxRs and risk-stratified the progression of disease severity and outcomes in terms of recovery or mortality.RESULTS From 505 RTxRs in our renal transplant follow-up program,29(7.75%)RTxRs had PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection.We recorded 8 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection giving an overall mortality rate of 1.6%but a significant 27.6%mortality in SARS-CoV-2 positive recipients.Age more than 68 years,non-Caucasian ethnicity and male gender were associated with a significant drop in survival probability;P≤0.001.<0.001 and<0.0001 respectively.87.5%of the deceased were diabetic;P≤0.0.0001.Estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 26 mL/min/1.73 m2,serum albumin less than 20 g/L,Hemoglobin less than 9.6 g/L and serum calcium less than 1.70 mmol/L were all associated with significantly increased risk of mortality;P=0.0128,<0.001,<0.0001 and 0.0061 respectively.CONCLUSION This study has identified some routinely used modifiable parameters in predicting a higher risk of mortality and morbidity.This knowledge can be used in RTxR follow-up programs by addressing these parameters early to help reduce the morbidity and mortality in RTxRs.

河北省40年结直肠癌发病和死亡分析

背景与目的:结直肠癌是常见的消化道肿瘤之一,2012年全球约有136万结直肠癌新发病例,是世界第3高发恶性肿瘤,居恶性肿瘤死亡第4位,严重威胁着人类健康。该研究通过肿瘤登记地区结直肠癌发病死亡情况估计河北省结直肠癌疾病负担,与河北省三次全死因回顾调查资料比较,分析结直肠癌死亡率的时间变化趋势。方法:河北省肿瘤登记办公室收集到9个肿瘤登记处上报的2010—2012年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料。数据分性别、年龄别(0、1~4、5~9、10~14……80以上)计算恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率和构成;采用2000年中国标准化人口构成和Segi’s世界人口构成分别计算中国和世界人口年龄标准化发病率和死亡率。整理分析河北省1973—1975年、1990—1992年和2004—2005年三次全死因回顾调查的结直肠癌数据。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析磁县肿瘤登记处1988—2012年和涉县肿瘤登记处2000—2012年结直肠癌发病和死亡趋势。结果:河北省肿瘤登记地区2010—2012年结直肠癌新发病例2 303例,死亡1 229例。结直肠癌发病率为16.48/10万(男性18.12/10万,女性14.77/10万),中国人口标准化发病率为13.74/10万;结直肠癌死亡率为8.79/10万(男性10.23/10万,女性7.31/10万),中国人口标准化死亡率7.59/10万。河北省2010—2012年结直肠癌死亡率较1973—1975年升高了28.03%。磁县1988—2012年男性结直肠癌发病率年度平均变化百分比(annual percentage changes,APC)为3.55,死亡率APC为1.64。涉县2000—2012年男性结直肠癌发病率APC为4.68,女性为9.17。涉县2000—2012年男性结直肠癌死亡率APC为5.61。结论:河北省近40年结直肠癌发病与死亡呈现上升趋势。加强结直肠癌筛查,降低结直肠癌发病率和死亡率是河北省一项重要任务。

广东地区围绝经期综合征患病状况及其影响因素

目的 :了解广东地区围绝经期综合征的患病情况及其影响因素。方法 :采用统一的调查问卷 ,对广东省 9个地区的 44 89例 4 0～ 6 5岁围绝经期妇女进行调查。结果 :在 4 4 89例被调查者中 ,出现围绝经期综合征者 30 5 7例 ,发生率为 6 8.1% ,其中以心理症状、躯体症状为主 ,分别为 85 .9%、86 .0 % ,最为痛苦的是失眠 ,肌肉、骨关节疼痛 ,烦躁 ,头晕。性欲下降情况农村高于城市 ,而心理症状、血管舒缩症状、泌尿生殖系统症状城市高于农村。躯体症状、性欲下降情况随着年龄的增加患病率相应增加 ,5 1～ 6 0岁为患病高峰。心理症状、躯体症状、性欲下降情况、泌尿生殖系统症状随着月经的改变而逐渐升高。未怀孕者的心理症状、躯体症状、血管舒缩症状、性欲下降均高于曾怀孕者 ,泌尿生殖道症状在足月妊娠、人工流产、早产者的患病机率高。患病与年龄、职业、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭人口、经济收入、孕产次、月经、是否服用激素等密切相关。出现围绝经期综合征后就医者仅占 2 8.8% ,农村高于城市 ,分别为 31.5 % ,2 6 .6 %。结论 :应加强围绝经期妇女的保健工作 ,尤其是心理保健 ,以减少躯体疾病的发生 ,缓解围绝经期症状 ,提高生活质量。

北京市区1333人双能X线骨密度测定及骨质疏松症患病情况调查

本文随机对北京市区２０～９４岁人群中１３３３人进行了不同部位的双能Ｘ线骨密度（ＢＭＤ）的调查，其中女性７４０人，男性５９３人，按１０岁为一年龄组，将其分为８组，结果显示：腰椎骨峰值女性见于３０～３９岁，男性见于２０～２９岁，股骨上端（Ｎｅｃｋ、Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ、Ｔｒｏｃｈ）骨峰值男、女均见于２０～２９岁。ＢＭＤ累积丢失率女性较男性高，无论男、女股骨上端高于腰椎，股骨上端三个部位中又以ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ为著。女性５０岁以后可见骨量丢失加速，男性呈缓慢丢失。以同性别、同部位峰值ＢＭＤ减低两个标准差为诊断骨质疏松症的标准，骨质疏松症患病率４９岁以前无论男性或女性均在１０％以内，５０岁以后随年龄增长而增加，以累积丢失率最高的部位统计，５０岁以上女性约为３０～４０％，男性２０％～３０％；６０岁以上女性约为６０～７０％，男性２５～３５％１７０岁以上女性达８０～９０％，男性４８～５６％；８０岁以上女性达８５～１００％，男性达５０～６５％。股骨上端各部位骨质疏松症检出率明显高于腰椎。提示：骨质疏松的研究重点在女性，但对男性也不容忽视。股骨上端各部位ＢＭＤ检测敏感性高于腰椎，对腰椎ＢＭＤ正常，但有明显骨质增生者应参考股骨上端ＢＭＤ方能?

北京老年妇女脊椎骨折的流行病学研究

北京老年妇女脊椎骨折的流行病学研究徐苓ＣｕｍｍｉｎｇｓＳＲ秦明伟，田均平ＳｔｏｎｅＫ赵熙和，陈孝曙，余卫ＪｅｒｇａｓＭ摘要：脊椎压缩性骨折是老年妇女骨质疏松常见的并发症之一，严重影响老年妇女的健康和生活质量。本研究目的是要得出我国北京地区妇女脊椎骨折...

山西省城乡居民超重和肥胖流行病学调查

目的了解山西省城乡居民超重和肥胖的患病情况及危险因素,为制定相应的干预措施提供科学依据。方法以整群随机抽样方法,抽取山西省太原、大同、晋中、运城等9个地、市的41个街道居委会和村镇作为调查点,对每个调查点的15岁以上长住居民进行超重和肥胖患病情况及相关因素调查。结果共调查10 792人,其中男性4 721人,女性6 071人。超重患病率男性为25.7%,女性为27.8%,总患病率为26.8%。肥胖患病率男性为3.5%,女性为4.9%,总患病率为4.3%。男女之间超重和肥胖患病率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.99和χ2=12.24,P<0.05)。经多元逐步回归分析发现,年龄、饮食习惯、职业、性别、饮酒、吸烟等与体质指数(BMI)有相关性,其中吸烟为负相关。结论山西省居民超重和肥胖患病率较高,应采取综合性预防措施,以降低超重和肥胖的患病率,提高人民生活质量。