Traditionally,‘morphemes’are consisting complex morphophonological properties and syntactic-semantic properties.However,in realizational theories such as Distributed Morphology,which is a syntactic approach to word ...Traditionally,‘morphemes’are consisting complex morphophonological properties and syntactic-semantic properties.However,in realizational theories such as Distributed Morphology,which is a syntactic approach to word formation,morphemes are abstract bundle of features without phonological properties,e.g.pl,fem,masc,categorizers(Embick,2015)etc.Nevertheless,when language assigns phonological properties to those features(namely late insertion),they serve as vocabulary items instead of morphemes.This was confirmed by Marantz(2000:15),who proposed that‘…we see,overtly,the vocabulary items,not the morphemes.’Moreover,morphemes are generative and there is no any bound morpheme,all are free(Hankamer&Mikkelsen,2018).Vocabulary items are not generative but expandable and visibly they can either be free or bound.So this paper intends to elaborate these issues together with evidence from Hausa.The entire paper is divided into following subsections:Introduction,Distributed Morphology,morphemes and vocabulary items in Hausa and their differences,followed by Conclusion remarks.展开更多
Vocabulary acquisition is a foundation of second language acquisition. How to memorize vocabulary effectively is a troubling issue both for learners and teachers. The experiments show that the more closely connected b...Vocabulary acquisition is a foundation of second language acquisition. How to memorize vocabulary effectively is a troubling issue both for learners and teachers. The experiments show that the more closely connected between pair words, the higher rate of recurrence with correctness. Focusing on the connection of morphemes in Chinese vocabulary teaching can accelerate students＇ memories of new words. The author believes morpheme teaching is also evidently effective for those Chinese learners using Chinese characters in Japan. However, after examining the order of words with same morphemes in 14 elementary Chinese textbooks, the authors found that current textbooks have not provided a list of words with same morpheme thus imposing learners＇ memory burden due to learning repetitive words. Meanwhile, this paper proposes ＂radial networks＂ among morphemes with same words, also promotes the expansion of vocabulary by morpheme association.展开更多
“Guāngróng“and“róngguāng”are a pair of inverse morphemes words in Chinese.Though once had same meaning,in contemporary Chinese they are in a process of functional differentiation.Now,“guāngróng...“Guāngróng“and“róngguāng”are a pair of inverse morphemes words in Chinese.Though once had same meaning,in contemporary Chinese they are in a process of functional differentiation.Now,“guāngróng”are mainly declarative,while“róngguāng”are mainly referential.Motivations of this changeare the enrichment of expressions and the refinement of functions.展开更多
Much consideration has been given to the study of certain grammatical morphemes by researchers.The study of learners' use of morphemes through obligatory analysis has important implications for both second languag...Much consideration has been given to the study of certain grammatical morphemes by researchers.The study of learners' use of morphemes through obligatory analysis has important implications for both second language acquisition and the second language teaching.It suggests that some linguistic features,particularly grammatical features,are inherently easier to learn than others.For example,in this study,the fact that learners master article before 3rd person singular suggests that article in some sense easier to learn.展开更多
Language is ever changing. One aspect of such change reflects on the change of vocabulary. For example, in English, we find new words almost in everyday life, especially in the modern age of Information. As the smalle...Language is ever changing. One aspect of such change reflects on the change of vocabulary. For example, in English, we find new words almost in everyday life, especially in the modern age of Information. As the smallest functional units in the composition of words, morphemes are changing over time. However, the formation of new words in English is not at random. Rather they are created with rules. The process of creating a new morpheme is called morphemization, which is a common linguistic phenomenon going on in natural languages. This paper will describe some thoughts of morphemization, including the phenomenon of morphemization, the rules of creating a new morpheme, the characteristics of new morphemes and the sources of new morphemes. These thoughts of morphemization may give readers some new understanding of rich and colorful language.展开更多
Learning a foreign language is based on the master of its vocabulary. Vocabulary is one of the ＇bottlenecks＇ in the learning of English. It will greatly influence the expression in our communication. Both teachers a...Learning a foreign language is based on the master of its vocabulary. Vocabulary is one of the ＇bottlenecks＇ in the learning of English. It will greatly influence the expression in our communication. Both teachers and students need to pay much more attention to the learning of English vocabulary. This paper discusses the study of morphology from the perspective of modern linguistics, including the definitions of morpheme, types of morphemes, morphological structure and the main processes of word-formation of the language. Meanwhile, the author analyzes how the morphology study is applicable to English vocabulary teaching and learning in college, especially explores the purpose of the English vocabulary teaching in college, and finally proposes Some practical approaches of vocabulary teaching from the study of morphology.展开更多
This paper aims to study the verbal humor in Guo Degang's cross talk from semantic perspective.The focus is to illustrate the generating process and the mechanism of verbal humor.Three aspects of semantics which p...This paper aims to study the verbal humor in Guo Degang's cross talk from semantic perspective.The focus is to illustrate the generating process and the mechanism of verbal humor.Three aspects of semantics which produce humorous effect,morpheme absorption,ambiguity,and script opposition will be discussed.Finally,it is found out that script opposition can take place of morpheme absorption,ambiguity to explain how humor is caused fundamentally.展开更多
This paper focuses on the research on the vocabularies in the modem Chinese monograph with the division of history into periods and the special classes of the ancient codes and records. ＂Exploitation of the Works of ...This paper focuses on the research on the vocabularies in the modem Chinese monograph with the division of history into periods and the special classes of the ancient codes and records. ＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂ is China＇s first encyclopedia on the production technologies of the agricultural and handicraft industries, published in 1637, with the contents covering many fields of the social production. It can fully reflect the terminologies of various industries in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty and the real situation of the language at that time, which has a very high value of the linguistic research. The article extracts 5573 double-character compound words from the whole book, and uses the method of the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis to study the vocabularies of the whole book. Limited by the length of the text, the article carries out the investigation and analysis with the supplementary double-character words as the examples.展开更多
According to the understanding of English learning process and the surrounding educational environment,it is found that most English learners have not received the training of morpheme awareness,and English teachers h...According to the understanding of English learning process and the surrounding educational environment,it is found that most English learners have not received the training of morpheme awareness,and English teachers have hardly cultivated their students’morpheme awareness.In English learning,it is found that English morpheme awareness plays a role in promoting English learning.It can be seen from the relevant literature that the identification of English morphemes is very important for English learners’language acquisition and development,and has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad.This paper mainly studies the influence of morpheme awareness on junior middle school English learners’reading comprehension.展开更多
Chinese abbreviation,containing fewer words and delivering a wealth of information,is a vital component of Chinese language.But the tremendous differences between Chinese and English make it an arduous task to transla...Chinese abbreviation,containing fewer words and delivering a wealth of information,is a vital component of Chinese language.But the tremendous differences between Chinese and English make it an arduous task to translate Chinese abbreviations into English.Based on the analyses of the structure and patterns of word–formation of Chinese abbreviations,it makes a classification of Chinese abbreviations,summarize the translation methods,and point out some attention points in translation.A systematic analysis on the structure and classification of Chinese abbreviations will be beneficial to reduce the mistakes in its translation.展开更多
Based on semantic theories this paper discusses and explains the different meanings of the Chinese character "shang"(上) in five Chinese phrases-"shang ji"(上级),"shang mian"(上面),"...Based on semantic theories this paper discusses and explains the different meanings of the Chinese character "shang"(上) in five Chinese phrases-"shang ji"(上级),"shang mian"(上面),"shang fang"(上访),"shang xue"(上学) and "shang ban"(上班).The author tries to analyze the usages of the Chinese character "shang" through vivid examples.In the end she categorizes the usages and meanings of the morpheme "shang"(上).展开更多
English transitional light verb morpheme"-ize"and Chinese"化"have been discussed in English and Chinese languages from different research perspectives.Based on English-Chinese Equivalence Translati...English transitional light verb morpheme"-ize"and Chinese"化"have been discussed in English and Chinese languages from different research perspectives.Based on English-Chinese Equivalence Translation,Contrastive Analysis and CodeSwitching in Inter-Cultural Communication,the paper mainly discusses their differences in equivalence translation,word class and pragmatic translation.The nouns,adjectives and verbs investigated respectively are realized by adding morpheme"化",which are equal to English transitional light verb"-ize"and its derivations information.However,from the contrastive analysis expression,there is word class difference between morpheme"-ize"and Chinese"化"in semantic view.In Chinese language,"X+化"is regarded as noun while"X+ize"verb in English.On the top of that,influenced by code-switching strategies,the two morphemes have distinctions in pragmatic translation according to grammatical rules and cultural diversities between Chinese and English.展开更多
文摘Traditionally,‘morphemes’are consisting complex morphophonological properties and syntactic-semantic properties.However,in realizational theories such as Distributed Morphology,which is a syntactic approach to word formation,morphemes are abstract bundle of features without phonological properties,e.g.pl,fem,masc,categorizers(Embick,2015)etc.Nevertheless,when language assigns phonological properties to those features(namely late insertion),they serve as vocabulary items instead of morphemes.This was confirmed by Marantz(2000:15),who proposed that‘…we see,overtly,the vocabulary items,not the morphemes.’Moreover,morphemes are generative and there is no any bound morpheme,all are free(Hankamer&Mikkelsen,2018).Vocabulary items are not generative but expandable and visibly they can either be free or bound.So this paper intends to elaborate these issues together with evidence from Hausa.The entire paper is divided into following subsections:Introduction,Distributed Morphology,morphemes and vocabulary items in Hausa and their differences,followed by Conclusion remarks.
文摘Vocabulary acquisition is a foundation of second language acquisition. How to memorize vocabulary effectively is a troubling issue both for learners and teachers. The experiments show that the more closely connected between pair words, the higher rate of recurrence with correctness. Focusing on the connection of morphemes in Chinese vocabulary teaching can accelerate students＇ memories of new words. The author believes morpheme teaching is also evidently effective for those Chinese learners using Chinese characters in Japan. However, after examining the order of words with same morphemes in 14 elementary Chinese textbooks, the authors found that current textbooks have not provided a list of words with same morpheme thus imposing learners＇ memory burden due to learning repetitive words. Meanwhile, this paper proposes ＂radial networks＂ among morphemes with same words, also promotes the expansion of vocabulary by morpheme association.
文摘“Guāngróng“and“róngguāng”are a pair of inverse morphemes words in Chinese.Though once had same meaning,in contemporary Chinese they are in a process of functional differentiation.Now,“guāngróng”are mainly declarative,while“róngguāng”are mainly referential.Motivations of this changeare the enrichment of expressions and the refinement of functions.
文摘Much consideration has been given to the study of certain grammatical morphemes by researchers.The study of learners' use of morphemes through obligatory analysis has important implications for both second language acquisition and the second language teaching.It suggests that some linguistic features,particularly grammatical features,are inherently easier to learn than others.For example,in this study,the fact that learners master article before 3rd person singular suggests that article in some sense easier to learn.
文摘Language is ever changing. One aspect of such change reflects on the change of vocabulary. For example, in English, we find new words almost in everyday life, especially in the modern age of Information. As the smallest functional units in the composition of words, morphemes are changing over time. However, the formation of new words in English is not at random. Rather they are created with rules. The process of creating a new morpheme is called morphemization, which is a common linguistic phenomenon going on in natural languages. This paper will describe some thoughts of morphemization, including the phenomenon of morphemization, the rules of creating a new morpheme, the characteristics of new morphemes and the sources of new morphemes. These thoughts of morphemization may give readers some new understanding of rich and colorful language.
文摘Learning a foreign language is based on the master of its vocabulary. Vocabulary is one of the ＇bottlenecks＇ in the learning of English. It will greatly influence the expression in our communication. Both teachers and students need to pay much more attention to the learning of English vocabulary. This paper discusses the study of morphology from the perspective of modern linguistics, including the definitions of morpheme, types of morphemes, morphological structure and the main processes of word-formation of the language. Meanwhile, the author analyzes how the morphology study is applicable to English vocabulary teaching and learning in college, especially explores the purpose of the English vocabulary teaching in college, and finally proposes Some practical approaches of vocabulary teaching from the study of morphology.
文摘This paper aims to study the verbal humor in Guo Degang's cross talk from semantic perspective.The focus is to illustrate the generating process and the mechanism of verbal humor.Three aspects of semantics which produce humorous effect,morpheme absorption,ambiguity,and script opposition will be discussed.Finally,it is found out that script opposition can take place of morpheme absorption,ambiguity to explain how humor is caused fundamentally.
文摘This paper focuses on the research on the vocabularies in the modem Chinese monograph with the division of history into periods and the special classes of the ancient codes and records. ＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂ is China＇s first encyclopedia on the production technologies of the agricultural and handicraft industries, published in 1637, with the contents covering many fields of the social production. It can fully reflect the terminologies of various industries in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty and the real situation of the language at that time, which has a very high value of the linguistic research. The article extracts 5573 double-character compound words from the whole book, and uses the method of the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis to study the vocabularies of the whole book. Limited by the length of the text, the article carries out the investigation and analysis with the supplementary double-character words as the examples.
文摘According to the understanding of English learning process and the surrounding educational environment,it is found that most English learners have not received the training of morpheme awareness,and English teachers have hardly cultivated their students’morpheme awareness.In English learning,it is found that English morpheme awareness plays a role in promoting English learning.It can be seen from the relevant literature that the identification of English morphemes is very important for English learners’language acquisition and development,and has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad.This paper mainly studies the influence of morpheme awareness on junior middle school English learners’reading comprehension.
文摘Chinese abbreviation,containing fewer words and delivering a wealth of information,is a vital component of Chinese language.But the tremendous differences between Chinese and English make it an arduous task to translate Chinese abbreviations into English.Based on the analyses of the structure and patterns of word–formation of Chinese abbreviations,it makes a classification of Chinese abbreviations,summarize the translation methods,and point out some attention points in translation.A systematic analysis on the structure and classification of Chinese abbreviations will be beneficial to reduce the mistakes in its translation.
文摘Based on semantic theories this paper discusses and explains the different meanings of the Chinese character "shang"(上) in five Chinese phrases-"shang ji"(上级),"shang mian"(上面),"shang fang"(上访),"shang xue"(上学) and "shang ban"(上班).The author tries to analyze the usages of the Chinese character "shang" through vivid examples.In the end she categorizes the usages and meanings of the morpheme "shang"(上).
文摘English transitional light verb morpheme"-ize"and Chinese"化"have been discussed in English and Chinese languages from different research perspectives.Based on English-Chinese Equivalence Translation,Contrastive Analysis and CodeSwitching in Inter-Cultural Communication,the paper mainly discusses their differences in equivalence translation,word class and pragmatic translation.The nouns,adjectives and verbs investigated respectively are realized by adding morpheme"化",which are equal to English transitional light verb"-ize"and its derivations information.However,from the contrastive analysis expression,there is word class difference between morpheme"-ize"and Chinese"化"in semantic view.In Chinese language,"X+化"is regarded as noun while"X+ize"verb in English.On the top of that,influenced by code-switching strategies,the two morphemes have distinctions in pragmatic translation according to grammatical rules and cultural diversities between Chinese and English.
