Morphological and Biological Characteristics of Rhynchaenus empopulifolis in Tai’an,China

Rhynchaenus empopulifolis is a defoliator harming poplar,and its occurrence is reported in Tai’an area for the first time.Through indoor rearing and forest investigation,the morphological,biological and damage characteristics of R.empopulifolis in Tai’an were observed,and color pictures of each instar and local characteristics of adult as well as damage symptoms were provided,in order to lay a theoretical basis for rapid identification and precise control of R.empopulifolis.

Study on Biological Characteristics of Livestock Eperythrozoon

Based on the study of infection and morphological characteristics of 12 kinds of livestock Eperythrozoon,disinfection test by drugs in vitro,disinfection test by ultraviolet light,Eperythrozoon survival test at different times and temperatures,drug sensitivity test and clinical treatment of infected swines were carried out on Eperythrozoon suis and Eperythrozoon wenyonii to further study the biological characteristics. Test results showed that infection level of livestock Eperythrozoon was high,while morbidity was low. Eperythrozoon suis and Eperythrozoon wenyonii could survive for 1 year at 3- 5 ℃,180 d at 16- 26 ℃ and 30 min at- 20 ℃,while which died instantly at 65 ℃. Eperythrozoon was sensitive to general chemical disinfection drugs,while not sensitive to ultraviolet light disinfection. Transmission of Eperythrozoon mainly included contagious transmission and vertical transmission. Results of drug sensitivity test showed that Eperythrozoon was sensitive to Tetracycline and antigen insect drugs. Sizes and shapes of different livestock Eperythrozoon were different. The study provided a scientific basis for the effective prevention and treatment of livestock Eperythrozoonosis.

Biological Characteristics and Control Techniques of Zeuzera coffeae Nietner in Coffee Garden

Zeuzera coffeae Nietner is a kind of pest which bores branches and trunks of coffee trees and grows in the interior of trees.It is widely distributed in China.This paper discussed the distribution,life history,morphological characteristics,living habits and damage characteristics of Z.coffeae,and focused on the prevention and control measures,which can provide a reference for the comprehensive control of Z.coffeae.

An Experimental Investigation of the characteristics of Circulation Control Propeller 

The characteristics of a circulation control propeller had been studied experimentally in water channel.The results show clearly that circulation control propeller can increase the thrust of propeller greatly,and the torque as well.The investigation on increasing the circulation control propeller’s efficiency will be our future work.

Biological Characteristics and Control Measures of Cydia pomonella(Linnaeus)

Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） is a fruit decay pests attacking apples, pears and other fruits, and it is an important quarantine pests in China. In recent years, the momentum of the eastward aggression of the insect in our country was more and more serious, and the harm degree was deepening. If Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） is introduced, fruit production will be significantly affected in Hebei Province. The damage characteristics, morphological characteristics and life habit of Cydia pomonella （Linnaeus） were reviewed, and the control measures were proposed, in order to provide technical support for promoting the sound development of fruit industries in Hebei province.

Damage Characteristics and Control Techniques of Longhorn Beetles in Coffee Garden

Coffee longhorn beetles are major trunk-boring pests of coffee trees,which are widely distributed in most areas of China.The biological characteristics,damage characteristics,life history and control techniques of two species of coffee longhorn beetles are reported in this paper.

Biological Characteristics of Trabala vishnou Lefebure in Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham

[Objective]The paper was to understand the biological characteristics of Trabala vishnou Lefebure. [Method]Using the combination methods of field survey, caged observation in forest and indoor rearing observation, the morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and natural enemies of T. vishnou in Qinzhou Kangxiling Mangrove Natural Reserve in Guangxi Province were investigated.[Result]T. vishnou occurred for 4- 5 generations each year in Qinzhou Mangrove Nature Reserve of Guangxi, the developmental duration of each generation averagely was 57.64 d. The pest survived the winter as eggs, mature larvae or pupae, and the overwintering eggs, mature larvae and pupae began to occur in December.[Conclusion]The study provided a scientific theoretical foundation for the prediction and control of T. vishnou.

Rolling Control Characteristic Experimental Investigation of a Canard Missile with Free-Spinning Tail

To study the rolling control characteristics of a canard-controlled missile, a series of wind tunnel experiment is conducted. The experimental method, the structure features of wind tunnel model and the experimental results are introduced in this paper. The experimental data show that the canard is an inefficient rolling control device for canard-controlled missile with fixed tail fins; but for the free-spinning tail fin configuration, the canard can conduct rolling control of the missile, and even have higher controlling efficiency under larger canard deflection angle.

Response characteristics of sonar receiver under intense sound pulse

For anti-jamming and anti-countermeasure techniques of the sonar receiver, the response characteristics of the automatic gain control （AGC） circuit and the survivability of the prime circuit under strong interference are analyzed by simulations and experiments. An AGC simulation model based on the voltage control amplifier VCA810 prototype is proposed. Then static and dynamic simulations are realized with single frequency signal and linear frequency modulated （LFM） signal commonly used in the active sonar. Based on intense sound pulse （ISP） interference experiments, the real-time response characteristics of each module of the receiver are studied to verify the correctness of the model as well as the simulation results. Simulation and experiment results show that, under 252 dB/20 μs ISP interference, the specific sonar receiver will produce sustained cut top oscillation above 30 ms, which may affect the receiver and block the regular sonar signal.

Morphological and biological investigation of two pioneer Ips bark beetles in natural spruce forests in Qinghai Province, northwest China

Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers and Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun were found. I. nitidus occurs naturally in northwest China. I. shangrila is a new species in the world. In the past, it was confused with I. mannsfeldi Wachtl in China. The damage of these two Ips species has been very severe in Maixiu and the morphological and bio-logical characteristics were studied. I. nitidus starts to fly in early May and prefers the mid to lower part of the host tree to colonize as its habitat. I. shangrila always infests from the top of the trunk, especially in branches larger than 3 cm in diameter in the crowns and sometimes even colonizes entire young trees. The two Ips species are the most destructive secondary bark beetles on P. crassifolia and always cause mortality of trees by their cooperation.

Morphology and controlling factors of the longitudinal profile of gullies in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley

The morphology of the gully longitudinal profile （GLP） is an important topographic index of the gully bottom associated with the evolution of the gullies. This index can be used to predict the development trend and evaluate the eroded volumes and soil losses by gullying. To depict the morphology of GLP and understand its controlling factors, the Global Positioning System Real-time Kinematic （GPS RTK） and the total station were used to measure the detail points along the gully bottom of 122 gullies at six sites of the Yuanmou dry-hot Valley. Then, nine parameters including length （Lt）, horizontal distance （Dh）, height （H）, vertical erosional area （A）, vertical curvature （Co）, concavity （Ca）, average gradient （Ga）, gully length-gradient index （GL）, normalized gully length-gradient index （Ngl）, were calculated and mapped using CASS, Excel and SPSS. The results showed that this study area is dominated by slightly concave and medium gradient GLPs, and the lithology of most gullies is sandstone and siltstone. Although different types of GLPs appear at different sites, all parameters present a positively skewed distribution. There are relatively strong correlations between several parameters： namely Lt and H, Dh and H, Lt and A, Dh and A, H and GL. Most GLPs, except three, have a best fit of exponential functions with quasi- straight shapes. Soil properties, vegetation coverage, piping erosion and topography are important factors to affect the GLP morphology. This study provides useful insight into the knowledge of GLP morphology and its influential factors that are of critical importance to prevent and control gully erosion.

Occurrence Regularity and Control of Thrips on Leek

[Objective] The paper was to clear the species and occurrence regularity of thrips severely occurred in leek field, and to study the main control methods. [Methods] The species of thrips on leek were identified in Sichuan Province, and the damage symptoms, occurrence regularity and control methods of thrips in leek field were studied. [Result] The morphological characteristic of thrips on leek was Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande). ITS molecular identification results showed that the amplified fragment was 520 bp, which shared the similarity of 99.81% with the base se-quence of F. occidentalis. F. occidentalis concentrated at the height of 80 cm from the ground; in sunny days, the occurrence frequency of F. occidentalis was relatively high during 15:00 and 17:00; rainwater had obvious lethal effect on F. occidentalis, and the lethal rate was 29.30%. Field trial showed that 20% dinotefuran SG and 40% acetamiprid GR had good control effect against F. occidentalis. The control effect of 20% dinotefuran SG 1 500 times dilution was the best, up to 92.56%. [Conclusion] The results will provide effective technical support for large-scale control of thrips in leek field.

不同日龄毛锤角细蜂寄生黑腹果蝇蛹的生物学特性研究

为了调查不同日龄毛锤角细蜂寄生黑腹果蝇的生物学特性,本研究对1~10日龄毛锤角细蜂成虫对黑腹果蝇蛹的寄生率及其后代的发育历期和雌性比进行统计,同时对寄生后黑腹果蝇蛹重的动态变化进行分析。结果表明,不同日龄毛锤角细蜂对黑腹果蝇蛹的寄生率有显著差异,7日龄寄生率最高,为(58.89±2.94)%,1日龄寄生率最低,仅为(30.00±1.94)%,但对毛锤角细蜂后代的发育历期和雌性比没有显著影响。黑腹果蝇蛹被毛锤角细蜂寄生后,重量显著降低。因此,1~10日龄毛锤角细蜂成虫均可大量寄生黑腹果蝇蛹,以7日龄为最佳寄生时期,这为毛锤角细蜂的大量扩繁和应用提供了理论依据。

浅析现阶段水稻干尖线虫的危害及防治

水稻干尖线虫是危害水稻的主要病原线虫之一,随着我国水稻节水栽培模式的推广、品种布局及耕作制度的改变,该线虫病害日趋严重。介绍了水稻干尖线虫的形态特征,简析了水稻干尖线虫对水稻的侵染危害过程及水稻干尖线虫病的田间症状表现;根据水稻干尖线虫病的研究进展,总结归纳该病害的防治手段及近年存在的相关防治问题并提出展望,以期为今后水稻干尖线虫的相关研究提供参考依据。

水稻褐变穗病病原鉴定及其生物学特性分析

对石河子大学农学院试验基地水稻病穗进行分离和纯化,通过形态学、核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)和组蛋白3基因序列对分离病原物进行分析及致病性测定,并研究其生物学特性。结果表明,引起水稻穗部褐色病斑的病原为链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata),通过致病性测定,分离菌株均可导致水稻穗部出现与采样稻穗类似的症状,且从发病的水稻穗部分离出同样的链格孢菌。该病原菌最适生长培养基是以蔗糖为碳源的培养基,最适pH 5~7,最适生长温度29~32℃,最适生长光照24 h全光。综上,本试验中水稻褐变穗病是由链格孢菌(A.alternata)引起。

基于NURBS曲面的小麦叶片三维重建

针对小麦叶片三维可视化不易实现的问题,通过NURBS曲面算法对小麦叶片进行三维重建。实测小麦叶片长度、叶片宽度、茎叶夹角、叶鞘长度、叶鞘直径等具体数据,通过主脉控制点算法计算叶片和叶鞘的主脉控制点信息,根据叶片宽度、叶鞘直径等信息计算出全部控制点信息,在visual studio中使用OpenGL构建小麦叶片三维模型。本研究算法得出的小麦叶片模型与真实小麦叶片有较高的相似度,较好地体现了叶片的弯曲度,真实地反映了作物叶片的形态信息。基于NURBS曲面的三维重建控制灵活、使用方便、计算简单,在作物的三维建模方面有较好的应用和参考价值。

山核桃丰产栽培管理技术

研究了山核桃树的生长习性、栽培条件、播种育苗、定植密度、修剪整形、施肥灌溉和病虫害防治等,总结了一套适合我国不同地区的山核桃丰产栽培管理技术体系。采用合理的栽培措施,可以显著提高山核桃树的成活率、生长势、开花坐果率、单果质量和产量,同时也可以改善山核桃的品质,增加经济效益和社会效益,为山核桃的推广和发展提供科学依据和技术指导。

醉鱼草内生细菌ZJ1的生物学特性及防病促生效果

为推动生物防治技术在实践中的应用,本研究采用稀释涂布平板法对菌株ZJ1的致死温度和酸碱度进行测定,结果表明,菌株ZJ1的致死温度为96℃、可存活20 min;致死pH为≤4或≥14。而生物膜能够吸附土壤中的金属离子改善植物生长环境,帮助生防菌株更好地定殖在植物表面,发挥生防功能。采用菌膜检测法观察几种常见金属离子对菌株ZJ1生物膜形成的影响,结果表明,0.3%的Zn2+、Mn2+、Cu2+和Fe2+会抑制菌株ZJ1产生生物膜,但同浓度的Mg2+、K+均可促进菌株ZJ1生物膜的产生;进一步采用96微孔板定量法对菌株ZJ1生物膜形成能力进行了测定,结果表明,菌株ZJ1为强生物膜形成株。室内盆栽试验结果表明,菌株ZJ1发酵液10×稀释液对番茄早疫病的保护效果最高,达到95.54%,菌株ZJ1发酵液200×稀释液对番茄灰霉病的治疗效果最高达,到91.99%。综合考虑菌株ZJ1对两种病害的治疗和保护效果,菌株ZJ1发酵液稀释200×防治效果最好。且菌株ZJ1发酵液10~200×均具有促生效果。因此,菌株ZJ1是一株具有生防潜力的微生物菌株。

雅脊金小蜂在储粮害虫防治中的研究与应用进展

雅脊金小蜂Theocolax elegans(Westwood)是一种体外寄生蜂,世代周期较短,繁殖速度快,寄主多为鞘翅目隐蔽性害虫和鳞翅目害虫,对于防治储粮害虫具有较大的应用潜力。本文对雅脊金小蜂生物学特性、控害能力、大量扩繁及其影响因素、雅脊金小蜂与现有储粮害虫防治技术联合使用等进行综述,重点概述了雅脊金小蜂的寄主定位机制、长翅型雌蜂的繁殖能力以及对寄主的控害能力,总结了温度、粮食品种、寄主种类和共生微生物对雅脊金小蜂的影响,并对雅脊金小蜂在实际应用中的不足进行了讨论,以期为今后开展利用雅脊金小蜂对储粮害虫高效生物防治有所裨益。

香榧藻斑病病原的分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选

【目的】探明香榧藻斑病的病原种类及其生物学特性,筛选对香榧藻斑病具有良好防治效果的药剂,为香榧藻斑病防治提供科学依据。【方法】在浙江省香榧主产区采集藻斑病病叶,结合传统形态学方法与分子生物学手段对从病叶中分离获得的香榧绿藻进行鉴定,明确病原藻的生物学特性,通过室内毒力测定和林间防治试验筛选防治香榧藻斑病的优良药剂。【结果】1)从香榧藻斑病病叶中分离获得3种病原绿藻类群,结合藻株形态学特点以及SSU-ITS区间序列分析,3种绿藻类群分别被鉴定为链带藻、软克里藻和Tritostichococcus corticulus,均为香榧病原新记录种。3种香榧绿藻的培养条件相似,均适宜在初始pH 11、温度25℃、光照/黑暗为12 h/12 h光周期下的BG-11培养基中生长。2)以混合藻为靶标进行室内毒力测定试验显示,12%松脂酸铜悬浮剂灭藻效果最好,EC50可达8.33 mg·L^(-1),显著低于其他药剂(P<0.05),其后依次为33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂、80%波尔多液、20%噻菌铜悬浮剂和45%石硫合剂。林间防治试验表明,施药30天后,12%松脂酸铜和33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂的防治效果分别达78.11%和71.62%。【结论】从浙江省香榧上新发现3种病原绿藻类群,藻群生物学特性类似。室内毒力测定和林间防治试验表明,12%松脂酸铜和33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂对香榧藻斑病有较好防治效果。