Review on modification routes for SnO_(x)-based anodes for Li storage:morphological structure tuning and phase structure design

Fascinating with high specific capacity and moderate lithiation potential,SnO_(x)-based materials have been intensively investigated as one of the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries.However,due to poor cycling stability,sluggish reaction kinetics,and limited electrochemical reaction reversibility,the development of SnO_(x)-based anodes has been hindered.And the current preparation and modification routes for SnO_(x)-based anodes lack direct and specific illustration.Herein,modification routes for SnO_(x)-based anodes have been emphasized.Firstly,to provide more direct instructions,the tuning routes of morphological structure for SnO_(x)-based electrodes(including slurry-based and self-supported)have been thoroughly discussed from the preparation perspective.Secondly,according to the properties of SnO_(x)-based anodes,the phase structure design ideas have also been properly classified and organized for addressing chemical reaction kinetics or thermodynamic issues.Finally,for future-oriented studies,new insights into the development and commercialization prospects of SnO_(x)-based anodes are also provided.This review,with comprehensive information on SnO_(x)-based anodes,aims to bring more specific guidance and valuable inspiration for peer researchers who are promoting the application of SnO_(x)-based materials for energy conversion and storage devices.

Synthesis,phase transformation and applications of CeCO_(3)OH:A review

CeCO_(3)OH has a unique crystal structure and excellent optical,electronic and catalytic properties,which has been widely investigated for many applications.Interestingly,ceria obtained from CeCO_(3)OH has a morphology that is similar to that of the precursor,and the CeO_(2)-based products obtained from CeCO_(3)OH exhibit outstanding properties,such as catalytic performances,owing to their designed morphology and oxygen vacancies(OVs).To introduce CeCO_(3)OH into a wider range of potential researchers,we first systematically review the physico-chemical properties,synthesis,reaction and morphology tuning mechanism of CeCO_(3)OH,and summarize the conversion behavior from CeCO_(3)OH to ceria.Then,we thoroughly survey the applications of CeCO_(3)OH and its conversion products.Suggestions for further investigations of CeCO_(3)OH are also made in this review.It is hoped that the exhaustive co mpilation of the valuable properties and considerable potential investigations of CeCO_(3)OH will promote further applications of CeCO_(3)OH and CeO_(2)-based functional materials.

Morphology control in high-efficiency all-polymer solar cells

All-polymer solar cells(All-PSCs)have attracted tremendous research interest in the recent decade due to the great potentials in stretchable electronic applications in terms of long-term stability and mechanical stretchability.Driven by the molecular design of novel polymer acceptors and morphology optimization,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of All-PSCs has developed rapidly and now exceeded 17%.This review outlines the promising strategies for high-performance All-PSCs from the aspect of morphology control with the motivation to rationally guide the optimization.In this review,we briefly discuss the thermodynamic mixing principles of all-polymer blends and the effects of the molecular structure of conjugated polymers on thin-film morphology in All-PSCs.The crucial role of molecular miscibility in influencing morphological features and performance metrics was highlighted.We also expound on the effective methods of controlling film morphology through properly tuning the aggregation behavior of polymers.In particular,insightful studies on the commonly used naphthalene diimide-based acceptor polymers and the newly emerging polymerized nonfullerene small molecule acceptors(ITIC-series,Y6-series,etc)are discussed in detail.Finally,we present an outlook on the major challenges and the new opportunities of All-PSCs for efficiency breakthroughs targeting 20%.

Enhanced Performance via π-Bridge Alteration of Porphyrin-Based Donors for All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells

All-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM OSCs) are promising for commercial application due to the well-defined chemical structures, convenient purifying process and low batch-to-batch variation. However, the similarity of molecule structures between small molecule donors and acceptors makes a hard regulation of their blend morphology, which will limit the efficiency.