Variation and Cluster Analysis on Leaf Characters from Different Provenance Sources of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb

[Objective] The aim was to study the variation of leaf characters from different provenance sources of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb,as well as to carry out cluster analysis on P.multiflorum from different provenance sources to provide basis for the classification,identification,breeding and improved variety selection of P.multiflorum.[Method] Leaf shape characters of 31 copies of germplasm resources in the major distribution region of the whole country were determined,and the genetic variation of P.multiflorum leaves from different producing areas was analyzed.[Result] The leaf characters of single plant of the same experimental provenance source of P.multiflorum were relatively stable,the variation was mainly found on the single leaf area,1/2 leaf width,leaf width and other indicators;the variation of each leaf character among different provenance sources was obvious,and the variation was mainly found on the single leaf weight,leaf area,1/2 leaf width,leaf length and other indicators.The correlation analysis of each leaf character in P.multiflorum suggested that the single leaf area and single leaf weight showed extremely significant positive correlation with leaf length,1/2 leaf width,leaf width,leaf thickness and leaf stem length,while the single leaf area and single leaf weight showed significant negative correlation with WWR（leaf width/1/2 leaf width）and LWR（leaf length/1/2 leaf length）,in addition,several macroscopic leaf characters such as leaf length,1/2 leaf width,leaf width,leaf stem length showed extremely positive correlation.The main component analysis result suggested that the contribution rate of accumulation variance of the front three main components was up to 97.4%,which could better reflect the comprehensive performance of leaf characters of different provenance sources of P.multiflorum.The cluster analysis showed that the experimental 31 copies of P.multiflorum provenance sources should be divided into three classes,the first class was distributed in the Middle,Western of Guizhou,northwestern of Guangxi and western areas with higher altitude;the second class was distributed in Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,Guangdong and the most area of Guangxi;the third class was distributed in Anhui,Jiangsu and Henan and Shandong.[Conclusion] Cluster analysis of leaf characters indicated that the kinds of provenance sources which the geographical position was closer could be got together.The study had provided a certain basis for the classification of P.multiflorum.

Genetic Diversity among Parents of Hybrid Rice Based on Cluster Analysis of Morphological Traits and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Forty-one entries were assigned into two clusters （i.e. early or medium-maturing cluster; medium or late-maturing cluster） and further assigned into six sub-clusters based on morphological trait cluster analysis, The early or medium-maturing cluster was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturing restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the medium or late-maturing cluster included 16 restorer lines and 4 medium or late-maturing maintainer lines. Moreover, the SSR cluster analysis classified 41 entries into two groups （i.e, maintainer line group and restorer line group） and seven sub-groups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, while the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. The SSR analysis fitted better with the pedigree information. From the views on hybrid rice breeding, the results suggested that SSR analysis might be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica hybrid rice.

Morphological Variation of Coilia Mystus （Clupeiformes： Engraulidae） in Three Chinese Estuaries

Truss network data were collected and investigated in order to clarify the morphological variation in populations of Coilia mystus from three Chinese estuaries. Nineteen morphometric measurements were made for each individual, and Burnaby＇s multivariate method was used to obtain size-adjusted shape data. The cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were used to discriminate morphological differences among populations. The results indicated that 1） the three populations were clustered into two distinct groups： the first group included Changiiang C. mystus and Zhujiang C. mystus, the last one included Minjiang C. mystus, and 2） discriminant analysis with selected 5 morphological parameters showed that the identification accuracy was between 98.7952% and 100%, and global identification accuracy was 99.2933%. Reproductive isolation and adaption to environmental condition are determinant factors for morphological variation between populations of C. mystus.

Morphological Variation of Donax spp. from Five Beaches in Prachaupkhirikhan, Thailand

Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variables of each individual were measured and analyzed to reveal morphological variation. The discriminant function analysis of morphology suggested a clear separation into two groups. The individuals from Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden were grouped together while individuals from Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod and Sam Phraya were classified into the same group. The classification function of discriminant function analysis suggested that 70% of Khao Tao population, 70% of Sea Pine Garden population, 67% of Pran Buri Forest Park population, 64% of Sam Roi Yod population and 34% of Sam Phraya population of Donax spp. could be correctly reassigned by morphology. The misclassification individuals of Sam Phraya population were assigned to Pran Buri Forest Park and Sam Roi Yod population with the correct assignment 38% and 27%, respectively. The results obtained in this study based on morphological variation indicated that Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden populations ofDonax spp. should be treated as separated units from the other three populations for conservation management. However, the result should be confirmed again as genetic level.

Cluster Analysis of Morphologic Characteristic of Eight Geographical Populations of Rana Dybowskii

[ObJective] The research aimed to determine the geographic distribution map of system of Rana dybowskii. [Method] Four morphologic indices （body length, body weight, forelimb length, hindlimb length） of eight geographical populations of R.dybowskii which naturally distribute in Changhai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain were measured. Measure results were variance analyzed and cluster analyzed. [Result] Variance analysis showed： the genetic branching among the Dongfanghong male population（ belongs to Wandashan） and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain male population and Changbai Mountain male population were significantly different （P〈0.05） ; the genetic branching between the Hebei female population （belongs to Xiaoxing＇an Mountain） and Changbai Mountain female population was significantly different （P〈0.05 ）. Cluster analysis showed ： male R.dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang, Tianbei, Chaoyang and Ddkouqin, the second group included Tieli and Anshan, the third group included Dongfanghong; and the female R. dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang and Chaoyang, the second group included Tianbei and Dakouqin, the third group included Hebei. [Condusion] The paper deduced that the Sanjiang Plain was the geographical origin center ofR. dybowskii which radiated to Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain along the adverse current of Songhua River basin, therefore, the current distribution pattern of R. dybowskii was formed.

Morphological Diversity Analysis of Red-seed Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) Germplasm Resources

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the morphological diversity of red- seed watermelon （Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao） germplasm resources. [Method] Multiple cluster analysis and principal components analysis on the morphological traits of 51 red-seed watermelon germplasm resources were carried out. [Result] The coefficient of variations （CVs） of 39 morphological traits in 51 red-seed watermelon idioplasm resources ranged from 5.37% to 66.95%, with an average of 22.87%. The average of Shannon diversity information indices was 1.55. Among them, the Shannon diversity information index of seed length was the highest （2.16） and that of seed shell figure pattern was the lowest （0.32）. In ad- dition, the morphological diversity information indices of quantity characters were higher than that of quality characters. The principal components analysis revealed that the variance contribution rates of the first, second and third principal compo- nents were 19.49%, 15.32% and 9.55%, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the 51 materials into three broad branches based on the morphological traits. There was only one material in the fist branch and two in the second branch, and all the three materials were wild. The other 48 materials were divided into the third branch and all of them were cultivars. [Conclusion] This study provided a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of red-seed watermelon resources.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Morphological Traits among 22 Peony Cultivars

[ Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and ex- plore excellent germplasm resources, aiming at providing scientific basis for analysis of genetic relationships between different peony cultivars and germplasm innova- tion. [ Method ] Flower color, flower type, plant height, plant width, flower diameter, leaf length, leaf width, plant type and leaf type of 22 peony cultivars were surveyed. The genetic distances between peony cuhivars were calculated with Euclidean distance method. The genetic diversity of 22 peony cultivars was analyzed by UPGMA cluster analysis. [ Result] Based on the overall average of total genetic distance, UPGMA cluster analysis results were classified. Thus, 22 peony culti- vars were divided into five categories. Category [ consisted of Yinhongqiaodui, Jizhuahong, Babaoxiang, Chongloudiancui, Congzhongxiao, Weizi, Yanlongzi and Qiejiazi ; category II consisted of Huhong; category III consisted of Xiaohuhong, Baiyulan, Yingsuhong, Fengdan, Dajinfeng, Jingyu, Panzhongquguo, Qingshan- guanxue, Mojiatrrong, Dahongyipin and Lanhuakui; category IV consisted of Haihuang; category V consisted of Sihelian. The classification results were consistent with pedigree analysis. Peony cuhivars with unknown pedigree were assigned to corresponding heterosis group. [ Conclusion] The diversity analysis of morphologi- cal traits is an effective method for investigating genetic differences between different cultivars, which may lay the theoretic foundation for breeding, industrial devel- opment and application of new peony cultivars.

猕猴桃9个种41份种质花粉形态观察与分析

为了解猕猴桃属植物间的亲缘关系,以9个猕猴桃种41份种质的花粉为供试材料,采用扫描电镜结合ImageJ图像处理软件对花粉进行形态学观测,并根据花粉极轴长度(P)、赤道轴长度(E)、萌发沟长度、萌发沟宽度、极轴长度/赤道轴长度(P/E)和大小(P×E)指标对供试材料进行聚类分析。结果表明,供试花粉均为单粒花粉,均以单粒、等极和辐射对称形式存在。极轴长度范围在21.50~33.40μm之间,赤道轴长度范围在9.87~16.24μm之间,萌发沟长度范围在17.53~29.08μm之间,萌发沟脊宽度范围在0.47~2.03μm之间,花粉粒大小(极轴×赤道轴)范围在218.68~543.18μm^(2)之间,极轴长度/赤道轴长度范围为1.36~2.26,花粉形状为超长球形或长球形,萌发孔类型均为三孔沟,极面观为三裂圆形,均为N3P4C5型。外壁纹饰分为波纹状、颗粒状和疣状,占样品总数的比例分别为63.41%、19.51%和17.08%。在遗传距离为7.5时,供试材料可以分为3个类群;在遗传距离为1.5时,供试材料可以分为6个类群,其中,中华猕猴桃被分为了4类。在两个遗传距离时,四萼猕猴桃均单独分为一类。

一种基于随机森林分类器构建高性能应用程序性能分析模型的方法

高性能应用程序的传统性能分析方法因分析过程存在额外开销和分析结果不准确等缺陷,致使用户耗费更多的时间和领域知识。为解决以上问题,将程序的性能分析问题转化成高维特征下非平衡小样本数据集的多分类问题,采集500条包含程序运行时进程切换次数、内存利用率、磁盘I/O负载等7种性能数据,经PCA降维等数据预处理后,使用随机森林分类器训练程序性能问题分析模型。实验验证该模型可识别出内存利用率过高、磁盘I/O负载过重等5类性能问题。为评估模型的指导有效性,分别采集HotSpot3D程序和LU-Decomposition程序运行时产生的性能数据,并根据模型输出结果指导,分别基于运行级和编译级优化2个验证程序运行。实验结果表明,所提方法可有效指导优化程序的运行性能,2个验证程序的加速比分别为1.056和5.657。

基于主成分分析和聚类分析的鲜食大豆审定品种综合评价研究

为提升福建省鲜食大豆的生产效益与品种优化,本研究对2003—2022年间审定的22个鲜食大豆品种进行了系统性农艺性状分析。通过测定14个主要农艺性状,包括茎粗、采收日数、有效分枝数等,并运用遗传变异分析、相关性分析及主成分分析方法,揭示了性状间的显著相关性和变异规律。结果表明,14个主要农艺性状间存在着丰富变异,变异系数介于3.36%~24.65%之间。茎粗与采收日数呈极显著正相关;有效分枝数、底荚高度、二粒以上标准荚数与株高呈极显著正相关;有效分枝数、二粒以上标准荚数、平均单荚粒数、单株荚重与茎粗呈极显著正相关;单株有效荚数、二粒以上标准荚数与主茎节数呈极显著正相关;每kg标准荚数与标准荚长、鲜百粒重呈极显著负相关。主成分分析,荚产量因子、标准荚饱满度因子、株型因子、荚型因子、生育期因子、标准荚数因子等前6个主成分因子累计方差贡献率达89.15%,基本反映了22个品种原始数据的信息量,可以此构建综合评价模型筛选综合性状得分较高品种。利用类平均法在欧氏距离4.86处可将22个品种划分为5大类群,主成分综合得分较高品种大多处于第Ⅲ类群。通过综合分析评价,本研究筛选出了‘闽豆9号’、‘兴化豆5号’、‘闽豆10号’、‘交大11’、‘闽豆7号’、‘兴化豆1号’及‘兴化豆618’等7个品种供福建省鲜食大豆主要生产应用和育种亲本选择。本研究不仅丰富了福建省鲜食大豆品种的资源库,也为未来的品种改良和产业发展提供了科学指导。

26个金苦荞品系品质性状与农艺性状的遗传变异分析

金苦荞是近些年创制的苦荞与金荞麦种间杂交形成的双二倍体杂种半多年生新荞麦种类(Fagopyrum tatari-cymosum),为了探讨该荞麦种类的农艺性状和品质性状的遗传规律,以26个高产金苦荞品系为材料,对其品质性状和农艺性状进行了遗传变异研究、相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:(1)金苦荞品质性状的变异系数大小表现为醇溶蛋白含量>谷蛋白含量>黄酮含量>总蛋白含量>球蛋白含量>清蛋白含量>淀粉含量。(2)金苦荞农艺性状的变异系数大小表现为主茎分枝数>基部20 cm内节数>主茎粗>籽粒面积>千粒重>主茎节数>株高>籽粒长宽比>籽粒宽>籽粒长>果壳率>籽粒周长>籽粒直径。(3)相关性分析中,黄酮含量与清蛋白含量呈显著正相关;醇溶蛋白含量与主茎节数、基部20 cm内节数、主茎粗呈显著或极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒面积、周长、宽、直径呈显著或极显著负相关;淀粉含量与籽粒面积、长、直径呈显著正关系。(4)聚类分析将26个金苦荞品系分为了3个类群,其中类群I属于高淀粉、矮秆、多分枝、低果壳率、大长粒型品系,类群Ⅱ属于高蛋白、高秆、粗壮、粒型偏小的品系,类群Ⅲ属于高品质、高产、大粒品系。该研究结果为金苦荞的选育提供了理论依据。

8种蜀葵花型花粉形态

为探讨不同花型蜀葵(Alcea rosea)的花粉形态特征,选取8种不同花型的蜀葵花粉为试验材料,运用扫描电镜对花粉形态及外壁纹饰进行观测,通过聚类分析和主成分分析筛选适宜的指标进行聚类。试验结果表明:8种花型的蜀葵花粉均为单粒近球形,属很大型花粉,具大量散孔,外壁纹饰为二型刺状。经聚类分析发现,8种花型可分为3大类,类型Ⅰ包含星火型、玉蕊型、锦蕊型和复瓣型,表现为刺细长(刺长、刺基宽比≥2.29)的特征;类型Ⅱ仅疏球型,表现为花粉直径最小(直径<103μm),刺数量较多(刺数量>103枚)等特征;类型Ⅲ含单瓣型、火炬型和托桂型,表现为突起数量最多(突起数量>182枚),刺短粗(刺长、刺基宽比≤2.01)等特征。

普洱生茶贮藏过程中品质指标的规律变化分析

该研究选用贮藏时间在3~20年的18个普洱生茶茶样,通过感官审评和理化成分分析,探究贮藏过程中普洱生茶品质指标的规律变化。结果表明,随着贮藏时间增加,普洱生茶的汤色色泽逐渐加深,香气由清香转为陈香,滋味由醇厚转为醇和,叶底颜色变深变暗,贮藏10年及以上感官品质有所提升,但贮藏18年后,感官品质开始下降;水浸出物、咖啡碱、GC、C、CG的含量呈不规则变化,没食子酸含量逐渐增加,游离氨基酸、EGC、EC、EGCG、GCG、ECG的含量随着贮藏时间的增加呈下降趋势。对17个品质指标标准化后进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,发现品质指标间存在显著相关性,通过系统聚类可将茶样分为5类,每间隔3~4年聚为一类,其中,A类综合得分最高,D类次之,E类最低,说明品质指标随着贮藏年份的增加呈现下降趋势,且在3~4年贮藏时间内保持稳定。该结果为深入研究普洱生茶贮藏过程中的品质变化提供依据。

基于主成分分析的苦荞麦重组自交系农艺性状综合评价

为筛选出综合性状优良的种质,为苦荞麦高产品种的选育推荐材料,对选取的58个具有高产潜质的重组自交系(RILs)及其双亲的10个主要农艺性状进行遗传变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,58个RILs各性状的变异系数介于5.71%~31.55%,其中,产量、生育期和主茎分枝数的变异系数较大,粒宽和籽粒周长的变异系数较小。产量与籽粒面积、籽粒周长、株高和千粒重呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与粒长和粒宽呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,与生育期呈极显著负相关,产量与上述指标的相关系数绝对值从大到小依次为千粒重>株高>籽粒面积>生育期>籽粒周长>粒宽>粒长。主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分的累计贡献率达86.987%,分别是粒形与产量因子(39.940%)、粒宽因子(24.478%)、株高因子(11.667%)、主茎分枝数与生育期因子(10.893%)。基于综合评价结果及RILs与亲本间的方差分析,共筛选出R64、R103、R164、R84、R192、R153和R214等7个综合性状优良的非米荞型RILs。这7个株系在聚类分析中均被划分在了高产、大粒、高秆和生育期短的C2类群,可将其作为示范推广品种或西南地区常规苦荞育种的优良种质资源加以利用。米荞型株系R52、R198和R101的产量极显著或显著高于米荞型亲本小米荞,可用于苦荞麦高产薄壳品种的选育。

杉木单交F_(1)代的表型变异及杂种优势分析

为定向创制杉木变异、开展家系内优良单株选择,以杉木优良杂交组合6421×27及其6年生单交F_(1)代群体为研究对象,对表征其形态、生长及材性的12个表型性状进行变异分析,探讨杉木优良种质形态、生长与材性性状的表型变异规律,以及性状之间的相关关系。结果表明:杉木F_(1)代群体的12个表型性状的变异系数范围为8.21%~37.97%,5个性状的变异系数达15%以上。在66对性状的相关关系中,中等强度的正相关关系占36.36%;木材基本密度的变异系数为8.21%,与其余11个性状均无显著相关性;131株F_(1)子代表现出正负两个方向的中亲优势,8个性状存在显性遗传效应,中优势率范围为-31.18%~90.44%,其中一级侧枝数存在明显的超亲优势;聚类分析把131株F_(1)子代分为3个大类群、6个亚群,各类群特征明显。杉木杂交子代在生长和分枝性状上具有较大的变异,浓密宽冠型杉木在幼龄期有明显的生长优势,杉木一级侧枝数存在明显的杂种优势,形态性状具有显性遗传效应。

蓖麻SL1×CHCH1 F_(2)群体的主要农艺性状分析

为了挖掘控制蓖麻产量的数量性状位点(Quantitative trait loci,QTL),为进一步QTL定位研究奠定基础,以农艺性状差异比较大的蓖麻SL1和CHCH1为亲本,杂交获得194份F2群体材料,并对该群体的15个主要农艺性状进行了遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、回归分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果显示,该群体的15个农艺性状的遗传变异系数为12.80%~56.30%,遗传多样性指数为1.23~2.07,表明该群体间性状差异较大,性状分离明显,表型变异丰富。相关性分析发现,单株产量和单株蒴果总数呈极显著正相关,相关系数最高,为0.940。逐步回归分析发现,影响单株产量的2个重要因素为有效蒴果总数和百粒质量。主成分分析获得4个主要因子,累计贡献率为73.538%。根据综合得分,可将194份群体材料分为3大类,第Ⅰ类材料主要表现为植株高大、粗壮、多穗、单株产量高;第Ⅱ类材料主要表现为株高、单株蒴果总数、单株产量适中;第Ⅲ类材料主要表现为植株较矮、果穗长度较短、有效分枝穗数少、单株产量较低。最后,在该群体里筛选到综合表现较好的5份材料。

自然群体小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型变异分析

【目的】通过对我国小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型的分析,多角度展示小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型的多样性,为相关的光合遗传机制的探究奠定基础。【方法】针对我国小叶杨叶绿素荧光参数的表型数据,通过聚类分析、表型可塑性和变异系数计算、动态拟合等方法来探究其变化规律。【结果】(1)在静态光照强度下(同一光强)对小叶杨4类荧光表型进行k均值聚类,最优聚类数目受光照强度影响显著。不同类别下,所研究的经过光系统Ⅱ的电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ实际的光量子产量(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)4个叶绿素荧光参数具有显著差异。(2)4个小叶杨荧光参数的表型可塑性指数和变异系数的计算结果显示:所选小叶杨群体在可变环境下具有丰富的表型可塑性,随光照强度的逐渐增强,ETR、Yield、qP的表型可塑性呈现出先减后增再减的整体变化趋势,而qN的表型可塑性整体呈下降趋势,这可能与各表型内部的遗传控制有关,也反映了不同表型对梯度光强的不同响应程度;ETR、Yield、qP的变异系数随光照强度的增加呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。qN的变异系数随光照强度的增加而逐渐减小,当光照强度达最大值时,所有类别样本的变异系数均小于0.1。(3)梯度光照强度下,小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型经聚类后可划分为2个大类,经生长方程拟合后可发现,不同类别样本的表型变异速率和最大(最小)值差别明显。【结论】小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型变异丰富,受光照强度的影响显著。通过聚类分析、表型可塑性及变异系数计算和生长方程拟合等方法可以有效地探究小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型的变化规律,为小叶杨遗传分析、光合作用机制挖掘奠定了基础,对小叶杨的培育提供了科学指导。

峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学特征及空间演变规律

[目的]探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学空间分布特征,为揭示峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局动态变化和生态保护的可持续发展提供理论参考和指导。[方法]利用形态学空间分析(MSPA)方法对岩溶石漠化景观识别、处理、分类得到核心、环线等互不重叠的7类景观类型,应用景观动态度、景观格局指数、景观转移矩阵和热点分析探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学时空演变特征。[结果]①2000年形态学景观类型分布最广(190.60 km^(2)),2022年分布最少(147.32 km^(2)),在形态学景观类型中核心是研究区内主要的景观类型,2000年面积最大为121.62 km^(2),2022年面积最少为76.05 km^(2),主要分布在研究区西北部和南部区域;孤岛在形态学景观类型中面积最小,其面积1990年最少为1.12 km^(2),2022年最多为3.07 km^(2),孤岛和分支等景观类型分散分布在各核心之间。②研究区形态学景观空间分布趋于分散,且形态学景观多样性、复杂程度和景观破碎化程度增加;研究时段内,形态学景观类型单一动态度分别为0.10,-0.18和-2.13,说明形态学景观面积呈现收缩趋势并且形态学景观类型1990—2000年发育最为剧烈,2000—2010年发育最为平缓。③形态学景观类型转移方向主要是核心景观类型转移为边缘和孔隙景观类型,总体来看形态学景观主要转移方向是形态学景观转移为背景,并且背景的转入量大于转出量。高—高聚集区域呈现出向磨合村、老街村和安乐村扩张的趋势,低—低聚集区域呈现出向三光村和老街村扩张的趋势。[结论]研究区形态学景观面积处于快速减少阶段且形态学景观类型趋于复杂,核心是主要的形态学景观类型,形态学景观的演变特征主要由核心的变化导致。

虎耳草表型特征多样性分析

为了全面理解虎耳草(Saxifraga stolonifera)的种内多样性,探讨种下分类的可能性,为资源保护及创新利用提供参考,对全国43个虎耳草居群的33个性状进行观察记录,通过数量性状变异和质量性状多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法探讨该种的表型性状多样性。结果表明:(1)数量性状变异系数为0.05~0.67,质量性状多样性指数为0.19~1.39,居群间斑纹分布式样和叶色多样性水平高,匍匐茎分枝数和叶长宽比分别为最不稳定和最稳定的性状。(2)数量性状和导出性状变异系数普遍较大、质量性状的多样性指数普遍较高及各主成分的贡献率较分散,因此不宜仅仅依靠形态特征对该种进行种下分类。(3)虎耳草居群间各性状相关性存在差异,叶长和叶宽、下长花瓣长和下短花瓣长、下长花瓣宽和下短花瓣宽等性状相关性显著。(4)基于形态聚类结果可将国产虎耳草分为3个分支,并表现出一定的地域性,其中分支Ⅰ由8个西南居群、2个华东居群和3个西北居群组成;分支Ⅱ由4个华东居群、4个华中居群、4个西南居群和1个西北居群组成,这一类表型的虎耳草分布广泛;分支Ⅲ由10个华中居群、6个西南居群和1个华东居群组成。

115份设施番茄表型性状遗传多样性分析

种质资源是新品种选育的根本。为筛选适宜云南省设施栽培的、农艺性状优良的番茄种质,本研究引进115份番茄种质,对其质量性状和数量性状进行了调查,并利用主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析对种质资源的遗传多样性和特征规律进行研究。本研究筛除了9份极易感病的番茄种质,余下的106份中筛选出86份抗病种质;106份番茄种质均为蔓生型,其果实形状及颜色比较丰富,共有3种果型、7种果色;植株长势整齐度高的种质共计15份,无裂果及裂果程度中等的种质共计35份。其中,番茄种质的心室数、单果重、首花序节位性状的变异幅度较大。相关性分析结果表明,株高与可溶性固形物含量、转色总台数、坐果总台数和总台数呈极显著正相关,与单果重和单株产量呈极显著负相关;茎粗与单花序坐果数、可溶性固形物含量、转色总台数、坐果总台数和总台数呈极显著正相关,与单果重和单株产量呈极显著负相关。聚类分析将番茄种质分为3个类群6个亚群,筛选出平均可溶性固形物含量高、平均单花序坐果数多和平均坐果总台数多的番茄种质共计47份;平均单株产量大于5.00 kg的番茄种质23份;平均单果重大于200.00 g的番茄种质9份。分析结果表明,番茄首花序节位越高坐果总台数越少;单果重越大,可溶性固形物含量越低,单株产量越高,单花序坐果数越少。果实横径、果梗洼大小、单果重、果实纵径和果肉厚度可作为评价设施番茄种质的主要因子。