Development of Morus alba Reinforced Poly-Lactic Acid with Elevated Mechanical and Thermal Properties

This research investigates the mechanical and thermal properties of Morus alba combined with polylactic acid in comparison with other natural fibers. The study uses three different fiber and PLA compositions - 20%, 30%, and 40% respectively - to produce composite materials. In addition, another composite with the same fiber volume is treated with a 4% NaOH solution to improve mechanical properties. The composites are processed by twin-screw extrusion, granulation, and injection molding. Tensile strength measurements of raw fibers and NaOH-treated fibers were carried out using a single-fiber tensile test with a gauge length of 40 mm. It was observed that the NaOH surface treatment increases the resistance against tensile loading and exhibited improved properties for raw fiber strands. The diameter of the fibers was measured using optical microscopy. During this research, flexural tests, impact tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and heat deflection temperature measurements (HDT) were conducted to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of the developed composite samples. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of NaOH-treated Morus alba-reinforced polylactic acid outperform both virgin PLA samples and untreated Morus alba samples.

基于混合整数线性规划的MORUS初始化阶段的差分分析

认证加密算法MORUS是凯撒(CAESAR)竞赛的优胜算法,抗差分分析性能是衡量认证加密算法安全性的重要指标之一。该文研究了MORUS算法初始化阶段的差分性质,首先给出了一个差分推导规则,可以快速获得一条概率较大的差分链。在此基础上利用混合整数线性规划(MILP)自动搜索技术求解更优的差分链。为了提高搜索速度,结合MORUS初始化阶段的结构特点给出了分而治之策略。根据ΔIV的重量、取值将MILP模型划分为多个子模型并证明了部分子模型的等价性,大大缩减了模型的求解时间,得到了MORUS初始化阶段1~6步状态更新的最优差分链。最后给出了简化版MORUS的差分-区分攻击,该文的结果较之前的工作有较大的提升。

MORUS算法的抗碰撞性分析

MORUS算法是CAESAR竞赛第3轮的候选认证加密算法之一,该文评估了MORUS-640-128算法对碰撞攻击的安全性。由碰撞关系确定一系列非线性方程,采用分块分析的方法,从非线性方程中找到消息字差分间的信息泄漏规律,首次给出了算法在两步后发生碰撞的必要条件集,确定了输入差分的字分布情况。在此基础上,将碰撞的必要条件转化成伪布尔函数最优化问题,利用混合整数规划模型进行求解。实验结果显示算法发生碰撞时,输入差的汉明重量至少为28,其碰撞概率小于1402-,得到了比文献[7]更紧致的概率上界(原为1302-)。结果表明MORUS-640-128算法具备良好的抗碰撞攻击能力。

对简化版MORUS算法的改进动态立方攻击

MORUS算法是Wu等人设计的认证加密算法,现已进入CAESAR竞赛的第三轮.动态立方攻击是Dinur等人2011年提出的针对迭代型序列密码的分析方法.提出了一种改进的动态立方攻击方法,优化了动态立方攻击的立方集合的选取规则,提出了优先猜测关键值并恢复相应的关键秘密信息的方法,据此给出了成功率更高的秘密信息恢复方法.利用该方法分析了初始化5步的简化版MORUS算法,最终以O(295.05)的复杂度恢复所有128比特密钥,攻击的成功率大于92%.

MORUS-1280-128算法的区分分析

MORUS算法是被提交到CAESAR竞赛中的一种认证加密算法,已经进入第三轮安全评估。对算法进行区分分析对于其安全性评估具有很重要的意义。以MORUS-1280-128为例,在nonce重用的情况下,对算法进行区分分析能够区分出密文的绝大部分比特,并通过寻找内部状态碰撞对算法进行标签伪造攻击。该研究结果对MORUS算法的安全性分析有很重要的意义。

细齿桑(Morus serrata Roxb.)的地理分布

研究了细齿桑Morus serrata的地理分布。细齿桑分布于中国西藏吉隆、八宿、左贡、尼泊尔、印度北安恰尔邦、喜马偕尔邦,海拔2300m林中,最高海拔3400m。分布区为印度板块(Indian Plate)与劳亚古陆欧亚板块的接合部。是分布海拔最高的一个种,分布量少。是随着地理造山运动在后期形成的类型。为白桑Morus alba向亚洲西南部迁移的地理替代种。

MORUS算法初始化过程的混乱与扩散性质研究

MORUS算法是已进入CAESAR竞赛第二轮评选的一个基于流密码的认证加密算法,研究算法的混乱与扩散性质对于评估其安全性来说十分必要.本文首次从完全性和差分扩散性两个角度对MORUS算法初始化过程的混乱与扩散性质进行了研究.我们首先研究了MORUS-640-128的完全性,得到算法输出密钥流和内部状态达到完全性的步数下界分别为4步和6步.利用此性质,我们对3步简化版MORUS-640-128进行了差分-区分攻击和密钥分割攻击.其中,差分-区分攻击仅需2个选择IV就能以0.999985的区分优势完成攻击;密钥分割攻击需要110个选择IV,能以99.8%的成功率恢复全部128比特初始密钥,计算复杂度为O(2^(106.8)).结合完全性算法,本文提出了改进的差分自动推演算法,并对4步简化版MORUS-640-128进行了差分-区分攻击,攻击所需的数据量和区分优势分别为2105和0.999665.上述攻击均是首次针对MORUS算法的安全性分析结果,对其初始化过程的设计有一定的参考意义.

故障模型下MORUS算法的差分扩散性质研究

MORUS算法是由H.Wu等人设计的一类认证加密算法,目前已顺利进入CAESAR竞赛第3轮竞选.研究MORUS算法故障模型下的差分扩散性质.采用面向比特的随机故障模型,结合差分分析技术与中间相遇思想,改进了针对MORUS算法的差分链搜索算法.运用该算法找到了5步概率为2^(-85)的差分链,从而实现了对初始化过程5步的简化版MORUS-640-128算法的差分-区分攻击,攻击所需的数据量和区分优势分别为2^(89)和0.99965.最后,利用差分故障分析方法对认证过程3步的简化版MORUS-640-128算法进行了伪造攻击.

滇桑Morus yunnanensts Koidz的特征、分布与系统位置

滇桑Morus yunnanensis主要分布于云南德钦、福贡、思茅、景东、贡山、新平哀牢山、屏边大围山,四川康定、攀枝花、盐源、丹巴、康定、稻城,贵州罗甸、兴仁,西藏察隅等狭窄区域,海拔1420~3800m,对高山湿度有特别要求。根据地理分布,滇桑应是较进化类型。支持Koidz.滇桑以种级单位分出。滇桑的系统位置还需进一步研究。

Two new prenylflavonoids from Morus nigra L.

Two new prenylflavonoids, momigrol E（1） and mornigrol F（2） were isolated from Morus nigra L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR techniques.

A New Diels-Alder Type Adduct and a New Flavone from the Stem and Root Bark of Morus mongolica

A new Diels-Alder type adduct mongolicin G （1） and a new flavone 5＇-（1＂, 1＂-dimethylallyl）-5,7,2＇,4＇-tetrahydroxyflavone （2） were isolated from the stem and root bark of Morus mongolica. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chiroptical methods.

A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside with antioxidation activity from the root bark of Morus alba L.

A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside（1） was isolated from the root bark ofMorus alba L.,along with moracin M-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）,and moracin M-6,3′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（3）.Compound 1 was identified as 2-methylene-3-methoxy-2, 5-dihydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.In addition,the antioxidant activity of 1 was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） and 2,2′-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid（ABTS） assay.The IC_（50） values were 2.49 and 0.45 mg/mL,respectively.

Research and Prospect of Mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Mulberry(Morus alba L.)is not only rich in nutrients,but also has medicinal value.As a drug and food,it is widely planted all over the country,with considerable yield and economic value.In recent years,it has attracted many scholars and been widely reported,and in-depth research has already been conducted.Through reviewing the literatures on mulberry,this paper summarized the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and quality evaluation of mulberry,providing some reference for the further development and utilization of mulberry.

Ameliorative effect of Morus alba leaves extract against developmental retinopathy in pups of diabetic and aluminum intoxicated pregnant albino rats

Objective: To investigate the possible ameliorative effect of crude water extract of Morus alba(M. alba) leaves on retinopathy of rat pups maternally subjected to diabetes and/or Al intoxication.Methods: Both control and experimental groups were subjected to certain integrated approaches, namely, biochemical assessments, light microscopic investigation, transmission electron microscopic investigation, single cell gel electrophoresis(comet assay) and determination of DNA fragmentation.Results: The retina of pups of diabetic and/or Al-intoxicated mothers exhibited abnormal alterations in retinal cell layers including retinal pigmented epithelium, photoreceptor inner segment and ganglion cells. Increased incidence of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were evident in pups of diabetic and/or Al-intoxicated mothers. However, retina of pups maternally received M. alba extract plus diabetes or Al-intoxicated alone or in combination showed marked amelioration. Less degree of ameliorations was seen in retina of pups maternally subjected to combined treatment. Furthermore, application of crude water extract of M.alba resulted in amelioration of the alterations of maternal serum glucose as well as Al concentration.Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, M. alba extract is effective against experimentally diabetic and Al-induced developmental retinopathy.

Correlation between Different Morus alba L. Leaf Nodes and the Change in Leaf Size or Mass

This paper aimed to explore the correlation between Morus alba L. leaf node and its size or mass change and provide a theoretical basis for the development of scientific Morus alba L. cultivation technology. During 2016-2017,the correlation between Morus alba L. leaf node and its size or mass change was investigated and researched. Results showed that through the correlation coefficient analysis,there was a weakly positive correlation between the leaf node and some indicators such as( leaf length ÷ leaf width) and petiole length,there was a weakly negative correlation between the leaf node and some indicators such as leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width) and leaf mass,and there was a weakly negative correlation between the leaf node and the other indicators; there was a highly positive correlation between the leaf mass and some indicators such as Morus alba L. leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width) and( leaf length × leaf width),there was a significantly positive correlation between the leaf mass and some indicators such as petiole transverse diameter in width and petiole mass,and there was a weakly positive correlation between the leaf mass and some indicators such as petiole transverse diameter in thickness. In terms of significant level of difference,it was found that there was no significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the leaf nodes on the Morus alba L. shoots and some indicators such as leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width) and leaf mass; there was an extremely significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the leaf mass and some indicators such as Morus alba L. leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width),petiole transverse diameter in width and petiole mass; there was no significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the leaf mass and the other indicators. The regression analysis was performed on the leaf node and leaf length,leaf width,( leaf length + leaf width),( leaf length × leaf width),( leaf length ÷ leaf width),petiole length,petiole diameter in width,petiole diameter in thickness,petiole mass and leaf mass. Significance F values were0. 4864,0. 1995,0. 2888,0. 3004,0. 2350,0. 2407,0. 8925,0. 5227,0. 7022 and 0. 2000,respectively,that is,there was an extremely significant difference between Morus alba L. leaf node and petiole diameter in width,there was a significant difference between Morus alba L.leaf node and petiole mass,and there was no significant difference between Morus alba L. leaf node and the other indicators. The comparative analysis of quadratic curve regression equation and linear regression equation was performed on some indicators such as leaf length,and it was found that the R value between the leaf node and petiole diameter in width was in line with the logarithmic curve regression equation,and the other R values of quadratic curve regression equation was larger than the other R values of linear regression equation,indicating that different Morus alba L. leaf nodes,leaf length,leaf mass and other indicators were in line with the quadratic curve regression equation. It was concluded that by investigating the leaf node on the Morus alba L. shoots and regression equation,we could predict the leaf size,leaf mass and other indicators,and we could take the leaf node on the Morus alba L. shoots as a main factor affecting the Morus alba L. leaf size and mass.

Evaluation of the Liver Cancer Prevention of Anthocyanin Extracts from Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i>L.) Variety PR-01

This study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of anthocyanins extracts (MAEs) from mulberry variety PR-01 against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. It was found that 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs treatment significantly reduced the NDEA-induced hepatic nodules incidence and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence by 58.30% and 41.70% compared to the model group. Meanwhile, MAEs significantly restored the elevated the liver function enzymes, inhibited the tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels, elevated the serum interleukin-10 and interferon-γ and increased hepatic glutathione-S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B1 enzyme activity. Moreover, 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs supplement enhanced glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities but reduced the malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content by 37.90% and 44.52%. Furthermore, MAEs pretreatment maintained nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase1 stimulation and inhibited the expression of TNF-α, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), indicating that MAEs exhibit effectively prevention effects against liver cancer via decreased lipid peroxidation, induced Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes and attenuating the inflammatory mediators COX-2 through NF-κB pathway. Thus, MAEs of mulberry variety PR-01 may be used as a good functional dietary supplement against liver cancer.

Chemical characterization and antioxidative properties of Polish variety of Morus alba L. leaf aqueous extracts from the laboratory and pilot-scale processes

White mulberry tree (Morus alba L) is cultivated throughout Asia and Europe, including Poland. The leaves and root bark preparations from Morus alba have been used in traditional phytomedicine. The objective of the present study was to compare chemical composition and antioxidative activity of aqueous extracts prepared from Polish variety of Morus alba leaves at the laboratory (L) and pilot plant scale (PP) conditions. Proximate composition, phenolic acids profile (HPLC/MS), flavonol glicosides (HPLC/ MS), polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and the antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assay) of the extracts were determined. The main phenolic compounds were identified as gallic, protocatechuic, phydroxybenzoic, vanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic constituent of both extracts. The flavonols fraction contained rutin, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-β-D- glucopyranoside. Total concentration of phenolic compounds were 7.9 g and 14.4 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g extract, and antioxidant activity was 137.1 and 214.1 μMol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight for the PP and L extracts, respectively. We concluded that current pilot plant process is less efficient than laboratory process at the aqueous extraction of bioactive components from Morus alba dried leaves. Potential improvements may include increasing efficacy of the extraction, decreasing losses of bioactive components during the process, or both.

rbcL Gene Sequencing of Several Species Belonging to Morus and Their Genetic Relationship

[Objective] The paper was to sequence the rbcL gene of several species belonging to Morus, and to explore the genetic relationship of Morus plants. [Method] Through DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing, splicing and correction, a total of 56 rbcL gene sequences were obtained. [Result] Alignment results showed that there were 1 279 permutation sites in rbcL sequence of Morus plants; variable sites accounted for 6.8% of the total sequence length, and the ratio of transition pairs to transversion pairs （R= si/sv） was 1.2. The rbcL sequence of Broussonetia papyrifera was selected as the outgroup, which was downloaded from GenBank. Genetic analysis results showed that M. alba, M. notabilis, M. rubra and Kuisang （the sample of this study） had distant relationship, and the other Morus plants had relatively close relationship. [Conclusion] The results lay a foundation for selection, identification and classification of Morus plants.

四川省桑属(Morus)植物多倍体的研究 Ⅱ、四川省桑树多倍体的地理分布(西南农业大学与四川省丝绸公司合作研究成果)

本文从细胞分类学和细胞地理学的角度,对在四川省所发现的二十八个桑树多倍体的地理分布进行了分析。四川桑树多倍体主要分布于盆地周围山区。其分布主要由气候条件,特别是温度所决定,而与纬度无明显的相关性。四川是桑树种类分布最多的地区之一,而且倍数性也很丰富。是桑属植物的分类群中心,也可能是起源中心。多倍体在桑属各种内的数量具有明显的差异。其中华桑有二倍体、三倍体、四倍体,六倍体和八倍体。在蒙桑和鬼桑中有二倍体和六倍体。在园叶桑、鸡桑、白桑内有二倍体、三倍体。因此,著者认为,对桑属植物进行分类时,应该考虑细胞学的资料。由于自然四倍体的发现,自然三倍体有可能是由四倍体和二倍体杂交而形成。