Fast filtering algorithm based on vibration systems and neural information exchange and its application to micro motion robot

This paper develops a fast filtering algorithm based on vibration systems theory and neural information exchange approach. The characters, including the derivation process and parameter analysis, are discussed and the feasibility and the effectiveness are testified by the filtering performance compared with various filtering methods, such as the fast wavelet transform algorithm, the particle filtering method and our previously developed single degree of freedom vibration system filtering algorithm, according to simulation and practical approaches. Meanwhile, the comparisons indicate that a significant advantage of the proposed fast filtering algorithm is its extremely fast filtering speed with good filtering perfi^rmance. Further, the developed fast filtering algorithm is applied to the navigation and positioning system of the micro motion robot, which is a high real-time requirement for the signals preprocessing. Then, the preprocessing data is used to estimate the heading angle error and the attitude angle error of the micro motion robot. The estimation experiments illustrate the high practicality of the proposed fast filtering algorithm.

Error Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of a Parallel Robot with SCARA(Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) Motions

Parallel robots with SCARA（selective compliance assembly robot arm） motions are utilized widely in the field of high speed pick-and-place manipulation. Error modeling for these robots generally simplifies the parallelogram structures included by the robots as a link. As the established error model fails to reflect the error feature of the parallelogram structures, the effect of accuracy design and kinematic calibration based on the error model come to be undermined. An error modeling methodology is proposed to establish an error model of parallel robots with parallelogram structures. The error model can embody the geometric errors of all joints, including the joints of parallelogram structures. Thus it can contain more exhaustively the factors that reduce the accuracy of the robot. Based on the error model and some sensitivity indices defined in the sense of statistics, sensitivity analysis is carried out. Accordingly, some atlases are depicted to express each geometric error’s influence on the moving platform’s pose errors. From these atlases, the geometric errors that have greater impact on the accuracy of the moving platform are identified, and some sensitive areas where the pose errors of the moving platform are extremely sensitive to the geometric errors are also figured out. By taking into account the error factors which are generally neglected in all existing modeling methods, the proposed modeling method can thoroughly disclose the process of error transmission and enhance the efficacy of accuracy design and calibration.

MECHANISM DESIGN AND MOTION ANALYSIS OF A SPHERICAL MOBILE ROBOT

A new spherical mobile robot BHQ-1 is designed. The spherical robot is driven by two internally mounted motors that induce the ball to move straight and turn around on a fiat surface. A dynamic model of the robot is developed with Lagrange method and factors affecting the driving torque of two motors are analyzed. The relationship between the turning radius of the robot and the length of two links is discussed in order to optimize its mechanism design. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the good controllability and motion performance of BHQ-1.

Robotic Etiquette:Socially Acceptable Navigation of Service Robots with Human Motion Pattern Learning and Prediction

Nonverbal and noncontact behaviors play a significant role in allowing service robots to structure their interactions withhumans.In this paper, a novel human-mimic mechanism of robot’s navigational skills was proposed for developing sociallyacceptable robotic etiquette.Based on the sociological and physiological concerns of interpersonal interactions in movement,several criteria in navigation were represented by constraints and incorporated into a unified probabilistic cost grid for safemotion planning and control, followed by an emphasis on the prediction of the human’s movement for adjusting the robot’spre-collision navigational strategy.The human motion prediction utilizes a clustering-based algorithm for modeling humans’indoor motion patterns as well as the combination of the long-term and short-term tendency prediction that takes into accountthe uncertainties of both velocity and heading direction.Both simulation and real-world experiments verified the effectivenessand reliability of the method to ensure human’s safety and comfort in navigation.A statistical user trials study was also given tovalidate the users’favorable views of the human-friendly navigational behavior.

Dynamics model of underwater robot motion control in 6 degrees of freedom

In order to analyze underwater robot control system dynamics features, a system 6-DOF dynamics model was founded. Underwater robot linear and nonlinear hydrodynamics were analyzed by Taylor series, based on general motion equation. Special control system motion equation was deduced by cluster of inertial items and non-inertial items. For program convenience, motion equation matrix format was presented. Experimental principles of screw propellers, rudders and wings were discussed. Experimental data least-square curve fitting, interpolation and their corresponding traditional equation helped us to obtain the whole system dynamic response procedure. A series of simulation experiments show that the dynamics model is correct and reliable. The model can provide theory proof for analyzing underwater robot motion control system physics characters and provide a mathematic model for traditional control method.

Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Modeling and Control for Effective Robotic Manipulator Motion

Robotic manipulators are widely used in applications that require fast and precise motion.Such devices,however,are prompt to nonlinear control issues due to the flexibility in joints and the friction in the motors within the dynamics of their rigid part.To address these issues,the Linear Matrix Inequalities(LMIs)and Parallel Distributed Compensation(PDC)approaches are implemented in the Takagy–Sugeno Fuzzy Model(T-SFM).We propose the following methodology;initially,the state space equations of the nonlinear manipulator model are derived.Next,a Takagy–Sugeno Fuzzy Model(T-SFM)technique is used for linearizing the state space equations of the nonlinear manipulator.The T-SFM controller is developed using the Parallel Distributed Compensation(PDC)method.The prime concept of the designed controller is to compensate for all the fuzzy rules.Furthermore,the Linear Matrix Inequalities(LMIs)are applied to generate adequate cases to ensure stability and control.Convex programming methods are applied to solve the developed LMIs problems.Simulations developed for the proposed model show that the proposed controller stabilized the system with zero tracking error in less than 1.5 s.

Kinect-Based Motion Recognition Tracking Robotic Arm Platform

The development of artificial intelligence technology has promoted the rapid improvement of human-computer interaction. This system uses the Kinect visual image sensor to identify human bone data and complete the recognition of the operator’s movements. Through the filtering process of real-time data by the host computer platform with computer software as the core, the algorithm is programmed to realize the conversion from data to control signals. The system transmits the signal to the lower computer platform with Arduino as the core through the transmission mode of the serial communication, thereby completing the control of the steering gear. In order to verify the feasibility of the theory, the team built a 4-DOF robotic arm control system and completed software development. It can display other functions such as the current bone angle and motion status in real time on the computer operation interface. The experimental data shows that the Kinect-based motion recognition method can effectively complete the tracking of the expected motion and complete the grasping and transfer of the specified objects, which has extremely high operability.

Motion Control Algorithms for a Free-swimming Biomimetic Robot Fish

A practical motion control strategy for a radio-controlled, 4-link and free-swimmingbiomimetic robot fish is presented. Based on control performance of the fish the fish s motion controltask is decomposed into on-line speed control and orientation control. The speed control algorithm isimplemented by using piecewise control, and orientation control is realized by fuzzy logic. Combiningwith step control and fuzzy control, a point-to-point (PTP) control algorithm is proposed and appliedto the closed-loop experimental system that uses a vision-based position sensing subsystem to providefeedback. Experiments confirm the reliability and e?ectiveness of the presented algorithms.

基于Motion的工业机器人电机减速机选型分析

为解决六轴工业机器人设计过程中电机减速机的选型问题,研究其转动关节的电机减速机的选型方法。在特定负载与负载偏心指标下,首先建立单负载模型,根据速度、加速度等指标设置Step驱动函数,完成Motion仿真。其次,依据仿真的力矩、功率以及T-N曲线完成单负载模型电机减速机的选型。最后,以EpsonC8-A701S工业机器人第二关节为对象,论证该方法的正确性。

Genetic algorithm-fuzzy based dynamic motion planning approach for a mobile robot

Presents the mobile robots dynamic motion planning problem with a task to find an obstacle free route that requires minimum travel time from the start point to the destination point in a changing environment, due to the obstacle’s moving. An Genetic Algorithm fuzzy (GA Fuzzy) based optimal approach proposed to find any obstacle free path and the GA used to select the optimal one, points out that using this learned knowledge off line, a mobile robot can navigate to its goal point when it faces new scenario on line. Concludes with the optimal rule base given and the simulation results showing its effectiveness.

Motion Error Compensation of Multi-legged Walking Robots

Existing errors in the structure and kinematic parameters of multi-legged walking robots,the motion trajectory of robot will diverge from the ideal sports requirements in movement.Since the existing error compensation is usually used for control compensation of manipulator arm,the error compensation of multi-legged robots has seldom been explored.In order to reduce the kinematic error of robots,a motion error compensation method based on the feedforward for multi-legged mobile robots is proposed to improve motion precision of a mobile robot.The locus error of a robot body is measured,when robot moves along a given track.Error of driven joint variables is obtained by error calculation model in terms of the locus error of robot body.Error value is used to compensate driven joint variables and modify control model of robot,which can drive the robots following control model modified.The model of the relation between robot＇s locus errors and kinematic variables errors is set up to achieve the kinematic error compensation.On the basis of the inverse kinematics of a multi-legged walking robot,the relation between error of the motion trajectory and driven joint variables of robots is discussed.Moreover,the equation set is obtained,which expresses relation among error of driven joint variables,structure parameters and error of robot＇s locus.Take MiniQuad as an example,when the robot MiniQuad moves following beeline tread,motion error compensation is studied.The actual locus errors of the robot body are measured before and after compensation in the test.According to the test,variations of the actual coordinate value of the robot centroid in x-direction and z-direction are reduced more than one time.The kinematic errors of robot body are reduced effectively by the use of the motion error compensation method based on the feedforward.

Human Motion Recognition Using Ultra-Wideband Radar and Cameras on Mobile Robot

Cameras can reliably detect human motions in a normal environment,but they are usually affected by sudden illumination changes and complex conditions,which are the major obstacles to the reliability and robustness of the system.To solve this problem,a novel integration method was proposed to combine bi-static ultra-wideband radar and cameras.In this recognition system,two cameras are used to localize the object's region,regions while a radar is used to obtain its 3D motion models on a mobile robot.The recognition results can be matched in the 3D motion library in order to recognize its motions.To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method,the experimental results of recognition using vision sensors and those of recognition using the integration method were compared in different environments.Higher correct-recognition rate is achieved in the experiment.

Study on motion simulation of arc welding robot based on UG

The motion simulation of arc welding robot is the basis of the system of robot off-line programming, and it has been one of the important research directions. The UGNX 4. 0 is adopted to establish 3D simulating model of MOTOMAN-HP6 arc welding robot. The kinematic model under link-pole coordinate system is established by the second development function offered by UG/OPEN API and the method of programming using VC ＋＋ 6. 0. The methods of founding model and operational procedures are introduced, which provides a good basis for off-line programming technique under Unigraphies condition.

Motion Planning of Humanoid Robot for Obstacle Negotiation

The motion planning for obstacle negotiation by humanoid robot BHR-2 through stepping over or stepping on/off the wide and flat obstacle at known locations is presented. In the trajectory generation method, first the constraints of the foot motion parameters which include obstacle dimensions and the distance of obstacle from the humanoid robot is formulated. By varying the values of the constraint parameters, different types of foot motion for different obstacles can be produced. In this method, first the foot trajectory is generated, and then the waist trajectory is computed by using cubic spline interpolation without first calculating the zero moment point （ZMP） trajectory . The dynamic stability during the execution of stepping over and stepping on/off trajectories are ensured by incorporating the ZMP criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments on humanoid robot BHR-2.

Research of Parallel Robot Program Grade Motion Control

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Two-grade search mechanism based motion planning of a three-limbed robot

A novel three-limbed robot was described and its motion planning method was discussed.After theintroduction of the robot mechanical structure and the human-robot interface,a two-grade search mecha-nism based motion planning method was proposed.The first-grade search method using genetic algorithmtries to find an optimized target position and orientation of the three-limbed robot.The second-gradesearch method using virtual compliance tries to avoid the collision between the three-limbed robot and ob-stacles in a dynamic environment.Experiment shows the feasibility of the two-grade search mechanismand proves that the proposed motion planning method can be used to solve the motion planning problem ofthe redundant three-limbed robot without deficiencies of traditional genetic algorithm.

Robot Motion Planning in Flexible Manufacturing Systems

This paper presents the approaches to real-time motion planning for robot application inflexible manufacturing systems(FMS).They are based on an algorithm for fast mapping ob-stacles from a workspace(W-space)into a configuration space(C-space)by defining funda-mental obstacles in W-space.To plan a collision-free path in a multiple robot system,sweptvolumes produced during master robot motion are computed as additional moving obstacleswhen a collision-free path for a slave robot is generated.For motion planning with many de-grees of freedom,several types of reactive behavior are defined to coordinate motion conflictsbetween different links.

MOTION PLANNING OF MULTIPLE MOBILE ROBOTS COOPERATIVELY TRANSPORTING A COMMON OBJECT

Many applications above the capability of a single robot need the cooperation of multiple mobile robots, but effective cooperation is hard to achieve. In this paper, a master slave method is proposed to control the motions of multiple mobile robots that cooperatively transport a common object from a start point to a goal point. A noholonomic kinematic model to constrain the motions of multiple mobile robots is built in order to achieve cooperative motions of them, and a “Dynamic Coordinator” strategy is used to deal with the collision avoidance of the master robot and slave robot individually. Simulation results show the robustness and effectiveness of the method.

PLANNING MOTION TRACE OF ROBOT BY SPINOR METHOD

The spinors applied to describe position and attitude of robot are studied. In dual spaces, the terminal trace of robot is planned through the mapping point, of attitude spinors. As a handy method directly perceived through the sense, the spinor method directly converges tracking error in the planning. It promotes the dynamic accuracy of trace operation. It is also suitable to the exerciser with redundant freedom.