Background:Marginal changes in the execution of competitive sports movements can represent a significant change for performance success.However,such differences may emerge only at certain execution intensities and are...Background:Marginal changes in the execution of competitive sports movements can represent a significant change for performance success.However,such differences may emerge only at certain execution intensities and are not easily detectable through conventional biomechanical techniques.This study aimed to investigate if and how competition standard and progression speed affect race walking kinematics from both a conventional and a coordination variability perspective.Methods:Fifteen experienced athletes divided into three groups(elite,international,and national) were studied while race walking on a treadmill at two different speeds(12.0 and 15.5 km/h).Basic gait parameters,the angular displacement of the pelvis and lower limbs,and the variability in continuous relative phase between six different joint couplings were analyzed.Results:Most of the spatio-temporal,kinematic,and coordination variability measures proved sensitive to the change in speed.Conversely,non-linear dynamics measures highlighted differences between athletes of different competition standard when conventional analytical tools were not able to discriminate between different skill levels.Continuous relative phase variability was higher for national level athletes than international and elite in two couplings(pelvis obliquity—hip flex/extension and pelvis rotation—ankle dorsi/plantarflexion) and gait phases(early stance for the first coupling,propulsive phase for the second) that are deemed fundamental for correct technique and performance.Conclusion:Measures of coordination variability showed to be a more sensitive tool for the fine detection of skill-dependent factors in competitive race walking,and showed good potential for being integrated in the assessment and monitoring of sports motor abilities.展开更多
基于测评体系应用的视角对美国粗大动作发展测试(Test of Gross Motor Development,TGMD)的产生发展背景、测量和评价系统、信效度、优缺点以及应用情况等方面开展研究,旨在促进我国儿童动作发展研究的开展。结果显示:TGMD的产生和发展...基于测评体系应用的视角对美国粗大动作发展测试(Test of Gross Motor Development,TGMD)的产生发展背景、测量和评价系统、信效度、优缺点以及应用情况等方面开展研究,旨在促进我国儿童动作发展研究的开展。结果显示:TGMD的产生和发展具有特定的社会和学术背景;经过30年的发展,TGMD系列已经成为当前世界上应用最广泛的儿童粗大动作技能测评工具,被广泛应用的原因在于该测评体系的高度标准化。但TGMD存在着诸如指标适用性、过程性评价弊端等缺点,这需要引起使用者们的注意。文章通过对TGMD系列的解读分析,结合该测试目前在我国的应用现状,从思路和方法上提出对我国儿童动作发展研究的启示。展开更多
文摘Background:Marginal changes in the execution of competitive sports movements can represent a significant change for performance success.However,such differences may emerge only at certain execution intensities and are not easily detectable through conventional biomechanical techniques.This study aimed to investigate if and how competition standard and progression speed affect race walking kinematics from both a conventional and a coordination variability perspective.Methods:Fifteen experienced athletes divided into three groups(elite,international,and national) were studied while race walking on a treadmill at two different speeds(12.0 and 15.5 km/h).Basic gait parameters,the angular displacement of the pelvis and lower limbs,and the variability in continuous relative phase between six different joint couplings were analyzed.Results:Most of the spatio-temporal,kinematic,and coordination variability measures proved sensitive to the change in speed.Conversely,non-linear dynamics measures highlighted differences between athletes of different competition standard when conventional analytical tools were not able to discriminate between different skill levels.Continuous relative phase variability was higher for national level athletes than international and elite in two couplings(pelvis obliquity—hip flex/extension and pelvis rotation—ankle dorsi/plantarflexion) and gait phases(early stance for the first coupling,propulsive phase for the second) that are deemed fundamental for correct technique and performance.Conclusion:Measures of coordination variability showed to be a more sensitive tool for the fine detection of skill-dependent factors in competitive race walking,and showed good potential for being integrated in the assessment and monitoring of sports motor abilities.
文摘基于测评体系应用的视角对美国粗大动作发展测试(Test of Gross Motor Development,TGMD)的产生发展背景、测量和评价系统、信效度、优缺点以及应用情况等方面开展研究,旨在促进我国儿童动作发展研究的开展。结果显示:TGMD的产生和发展具有特定的社会和学术背景;经过30年的发展,TGMD系列已经成为当前世界上应用最广泛的儿童粗大动作技能测评工具,被广泛应用的原因在于该测评体系的高度标准化。但TGMD存在着诸如指标适用性、过程性评价弊端等缺点,这需要引起使用者们的注意。文章通过对TGMD系列的解读分析,结合该测试目前在我国的应用现状,从思路和方法上提出对我国儿童动作发展研究的启示。
