As a megacity with thriving economy, Shanghai is experiencing rapid motorisation and confronted with traffic congestion problems despite its low car ownership. It is of value to look into the policies on emission cont...As a megacity with thriving economy, Shanghai is experiencing rapid motorisation and confronted with traffic congestion problems despite its low car ownership. It is of value to look into the policies on emission control of motor vehicle and congestion reduction in such a city to explore how to reconcile mobility enhancement with the environment. Results of a dynamic simulation displayed time paths of emissions from motor vehicles in Shanghai over the period from 2000 to 2020. The simulation results showed that early policies on emission control of motor vehicle could bring about far-reaching effects on emission reduc- tion, and take advantage of available low-polluting technologies and technical innovation over time. Travel demand management would play an important role in curbing congestion and reducing motor vehicle pollution by calming down car ownership rise and deterring inefficient trips as well as reducing fuel waste caused by congestion.展开更多
The ownership of motorised two wheelers(MTWs)has been on the rise across various countries across the globe.The growth has been especially higher in developing countries which have typical traffic characteristics and ...The ownership of motorised two wheelers(MTWs)has been on the rise across various countries across the globe.The growth has been especially higher in developing countries which have typical traffic characteristics and higher populations.This steady rise has resulted in increased accident and fatalities.This abrupt increase warranted attention from the researchers to carry out specific studies for MTWs,which have a very different behaviour as compared to cars in terms of physical and dynamic parameters.Moreover,the unique traffic patterns usually found in the developing countries pose an additional challenge to the researchers,since the conventional focus of transportation safety researchers was a homogeneous car-based traffic.Many such studies have been attempted,especially in the recent decades,which have considered various risk factors related to MTW safety.However,the studies have considered different sets of risk factors and have given surprising and even conflicting results.Therefore,a comprehensive review of the diverse studies needs to be carried out which incorporates all the risk factors considered in previous research.This study reviews such research papers which have analysed various risk factors related to safety of MTWs,especially in heterogeneous,non-lane based traffic.Specifically,this paper aims to incorporate results from those studies and highlight the conclusions from state of the art.The paper also discusses about the research gaps that are crucial for MTW safety in mixed traffic conditions.The review will be useful for researchers working in the field of MTW safety and for policy implementation and analysis.展开更多
文摘As a megacity with thriving economy, Shanghai is experiencing rapid motorisation and confronted with traffic congestion problems despite its low car ownership. It is of value to look into the policies on emission control of motor vehicle and congestion reduction in such a city to explore how to reconcile mobility enhancement with the environment. Results of a dynamic simulation displayed time paths of emissions from motor vehicles in Shanghai over the period from 2000 to 2020. The simulation results showed that early policies on emission control of motor vehicle could bring about far-reaching effects on emission reduc- tion, and take advantage of available low-polluting technologies and technical innovation over time. Travel demand management would play an important role in curbing congestion and reducing motor vehicle pollution by calming down car ownership rise and deterring inefficient trips as well as reducing fuel waste caused by congestion.
文摘The ownership of motorised two wheelers(MTWs)has been on the rise across various countries across the globe.The growth has been especially higher in developing countries which have typical traffic characteristics and higher populations.This steady rise has resulted in increased accident and fatalities.This abrupt increase warranted attention from the researchers to carry out specific studies for MTWs,which have a very different behaviour as compared to cars in terms of physical and dynamic parameters.Moreover,the unique traffic patterns usually found in the developing countries pose an additional challenge to the researchers,since the conventional focus of transportation safety researchers was a homogeneous car-based traffic.Many such studies have been attempted,especially in the recent decades,which have considered various risk factors related to MTW safety.However,the studies have considered different sets of risk factors and have given surprising and even conflicting results.Therefore,a comprehensive review of the diverse studies needs to be carried out which incorporates all the risk factors considered in previous research.This study reviews such research papers which have analysed various risk factors related to safety of MTWs,especially in heterogeneous,non-lane based traffic.Specifically,this paper aims to incorporate results from those studies and highlight the conclusions from state of the art.The paper also discusses about the research gaps that are crucial for MTW safety in mixed traffic conditions.The review will be useful for researchers working in the field of MTW safety and for policy implementation and analysis.
