Study on security and protection of original ecotourism resources in the mountain areas of western Guangxi

Original ecotourism resources mainly refer to natural and human original ecotourism resources, and it's of fragility, rarity and irreversibility. As a valuable historic heritage and important tourism resources, it plays a significant role in developing tourism and economy in such areas as the underdeveloped areas, the mountain areas and mi-nority areas. The tourism resources in the western mountain areas of Guangxi owe superiorities and characteristics to their original ecology. Yet, western Guangxi is an ethnic region with fragile karst eco-environment, so it is special to exploit the tourism resources. The paper defines original ecotourism and analyses the specialties and advantages of the original ecotourism resources as well as the frailty of the ecotourism resources of the region. The ways of thinking are put forward for safe preservation and sustainable development of the original ecotourism resources, i.e. carrying out measures for the multi-grade protection of heritage resources, setting up a ethnic ecomuseum/ ethnic culture eco-park and a gene pool of ethnic cultures, etc.

Rural vulnerability,migration,and relocation in mountain areas of Western China:An overview of key issues and policy interventions

Western China features a vast area of mountains and high plateaus where millions of people,including diverse ethnic minority groups,have inhabited for generations.Geographically located in the mountainous,remote,and isolated regions,rural communities are prone to natural hazards and thus become vulnerable to impoverishment.To reduce rural vulnerability,many people residing in mountainous villages opted to out-migrate from their original villages and hometowns while some took in-situ adaptation measures.A host of government-sponsored resettlement programs have been carried out to help rural villagers seek alternative livelihoods elsewhere over the past four decades.To achieve a sustainable future for rural communities in mountainous areas of western China,more effective policies and measures need to be developed and enforced.

Site correction of ground motion in Fujian area

On the basis of the interpretation of the highresolution satellite remote sensing images, in combination with the data of engineering geological exploration and shear-wave velocity testing, the site category-zoning map of FJ area with the scale of 1：200,000 is generated according to the site classification standard of ＂Code for Seismic design of Buildings＂ of China （GB50011 2010）. By the method of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis, we obtain bedrock seismic ground motion parameters of five recurrent periods （50, 200, 500, 1000, and 2500 a） of FJ area. By using the 617 typical soil layer structures of the site classifications in FJ area, we build seismic response models of soil layers and make seismic response analysis, then obtain the statistic sample space of site amplification factors, which possess reasonable distribution and sufficient data. Considering the distribution characteristics of The Quaternary Strata in FJ area, according to the statistic zoning （mountains and coastal areas respectively） and site classifications as well as the level of bedrock importing ground motion, the site magnification-factors of ground motion in FJ area are obtained by classification statistics.

Primary Deformation Analyses of High Pressure Metamorphic Rock in Western Dabie Mountain Area

In the western Dabie Mountain area, the eclogites have similar compositions and tectonic environment, which could be contrastively researched. Except for the reservation of the early structural deformation inside and outside of the eclogite lens, there is no obvious difference between the characteristics of the foliation and lineation in the eclogite lens from the one in surrounding region. So this paper concludes that the eclogites or blueschists (high pressure metamorphic rocks, i. e. HPM) are basically situated in the original position. The eclogites are mostly superposed by the ductile shear zone and show the feature of structural displacement, but so far we have not discovered any large scale structural zone to uplift eclogite return. Based on the analyses of finite strain measure, petrofabric analysis and TEM image for some minerals such as quartz and garnet, we could efficiently know the deforming characteristics of the eclogite in the prophase and anaphase of the main deforming epoch, and finally determine the forming condition of eclogite according to the strain and the differential stress. This paper puts forward preliminary conclusion that some HPM rocks could be formed by the deep layer embedding and local stress concentration in the process of regional metamorphism.

连片特困地区县域交通扶贫效率测度及影响因素——以滇西边境山区为例

交通扶贫效率测度可为乡村振兴阶段区域交通规划方案制定提供重要的理论依据。以滇西边境山区56个县域四年间交通与经济发展面板数据为样本,构建交通扶贫效率投入产出指标体系,运用DEA模型、Malmquist指数测度滇西边境山区各县交通扶贫效率,并分析其时空分布特征。同时,构建Tobit回归模型,探究县域交通扶贫效率的影响因素。研究表明:滇西边境山区县域交通扶贫效率整体呈逐步增长态势,在乡村振兴阶段仍然有较大提升空间,且交通扶贫综合效率主要受到规模效率的影响;滇西边境山区县域交通扶贫效率大幅提升;依据交通扶贫综合效率的平均值和Malmquist指数值两个维度,滇西边境山区56个县可划分为潜力型、发展型、成熟型及巩固型4种类型,而发展型和成熟型是滇西边境山区交通扶贫效率的主要形态;县域规模、产业结构对交通扶贫效率的提升具有反向抑制作用,就业支持、消费水平、区位优势、投资规模均在不同程度上对滇西边境山区交通扶贫效率产生正向促进作用;各影响因素对不同发展阶段的县域交通扶贫效率在影响强度和作用路径上存在差异。因此,应进一步优化县城交通基础设施空间布局,强化劳动力就业等因素与交通运输发展的“联动效应”,针对不同交通扶贫发展阶段及影响因素短板,采取差异化、合理化发展策略。

高地应力蚀变花岗岩隧道大变形特征及成因分析

西部山区某蚀变花岗岩隧道施工过程中,围岩大变形不同程度地造成喷射混凝土剥落、钢架扭曲变形、钢拱架断裂、初支变形侵限以及隧道内坍塌等。为揭示蚀变花岗岩隧道围岩大变形的孕育机理,通过岩石试验、监控量测、数值计算分析和地质综合分析等多种方法,对蚀变花岗岩隧道高地应力及大变形特征、影响因素进行探讨分析。蚀变花岗岩隧道工程区受构造影响强烈,蚀变特征显著,岩体结构疏松,蚀变花岗岩地层为大变形提供充足的物源条件。隧道现场监控量测显示发生大变形的蚀变花岗岩区段与地下水紧密相关,蚀变花岗岩中的伊蒙混石、绿泥石等亲水性矿物成分含量较高,遇水极易崩解,使得岩体抵抗变形的能力大幅降低。结合隧道地质条件和地应力测试,反演分析了隧道初始地应力场,发现蚀变花岗岩隧道以水平构造应力为主,隧道沿线多处于高地应力状态,为大变形的发生提供内动力地质条件。根据隧道开挖过程中发生的支护变形及监控量测分析,复杂地质条件对隧道设计的影响以及施工工艺与支护结构的质量是引起围岩大变形的重要主观因素。

‘红福瑞鲤2号’和‘福瑞鲤2号’稻田养殖生长性能对比

研究旨在评估‘红福瑞鲤2号’在福建山区稻田养殖的可行性,并与‘福瑞鲤2号’进行比较以确定其潜在的优势。于2023年8—10月,在武夷山市岚谷乡岚峰稻花鱼养殖基地进行了生长性能对比试验。采用同塘比较法对‘红福瑞鲤2号’和‘福瑞鲤2号’在投饵和不投饵稻田养殖模式下进行生长性能对比分析。经过60 d的养殖试验,结果显示,在相同沟凼式稻田养殖条件下,无论投饵与否,‘红福瑞鲤2号’的成活率、体质量绝对增长率、体质量相对增长率、体质量特定生长率和产量均明显低于‘福瑞鲤2号’。投饵养殖模式下‘红福瑞鲤2号’和‘福瑞鲤2号’的体质量绝对增长率、体质量相对增长率、体质量特定生长率、体长绝对增长率、体长相对增长率和体长特定生长率均明显高于不投饵养殖模式;而在不投饵养殖模式下,‘红福瑞鲤2号’终末和初始平均体质量、平均体长均不存在显著差异。综上所述,初步研究结果表明,在当前的武夷山山区稻田养殖条件下,‘红福瑞鲤2号’相较于‘福瑞鲤2号’并没有表现出生长优势。这一发现为该地区稻田养殖鱼类品种的选择提供了试验参考。

基于联合时序InSAR技术的矿区沉降隐患区识别

针对目前单一InSAR解译技术方法在复杂地表形变解译中精度及可靠性有限的难点,提出了利用PS-InSAR(persist scatterers InSAR)、SBAS-InSAR(small base-line subsets InSAR)这2种时序InSAR技术联合进行山地矿区地面沉降隐患区圈划的方法。以湖北省宜都市松宜矿区为例,基于大样本理论,利用矿区内高精度的PS点形变结果,校正具有高空间覆盖率的SBAS-InSAR处理结果,从而进一步提高地表形变监测精度并增加形变靶区范围圈划的准确度。通过对比使用单一PS-InSAR技术和经过PS-SBAS联合方法处理后得到的典型形变点时序曲线及野外实地调查,验证了解译结果的可靠性。研究表明:联合时序InSAR技术可以提高地表沉降监测精度并增加地表变形靶区范围圈划的准确度,为类似山地矿区的地面沉降隐患监测与分析提供新的技术思路。

辽西低山丘陵区坡面暴雨产流产沙过程及水保效益

基于辽西低山丘陵区二道岭小流域坡面径流和泥沙现场观测,研究暴雨条件下(7·28暴雨)6种不同水土保持措施的坡面产流产沙过程及水土保持效益。结果表明,在暴雨过程中,与裸地相比,耕作措施中的顺垄耕作缩短了初始产流时间,工程措施和林草措施延长了初始产流时间。不同措施的产流产沙过程和雨强变化趋势相似,横垄耕作的径流和含沙量与雨强存在延后现象。在暴雨条件下,以裸地作为对照,林草措施具有良好的减流减沙效果,而农业措施的顺垄耕作则增大了产流产沙作用,加剧了水土流失。

基于GF-7数据的豫西山区地质灾害遥感解译

【目的】查明豫西山区部分区域内崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害的空间分布特征,为地质灾害监测与治理提供科学依据。【方法】主要利用高分七号卫星影像数据,通过构建遥感解译标志、室内初步解译、野外核查验证、内外业综合解译、编制解译成果图件等步骤开展遥感解译工作。此外,还对比分析了多类型多时相的遥感影像,并结合研究区的地形地貌等地质资料,进一步提高了地质灾害的可解译性。【结果】在此次地质灾害遥感解译中,实际正确识别了15处滑坡、6处崩塌,解译正确率达91.3%。遥感解译的精度和效率较高,取得了较好的成果。【结论】本研究提出的利用高分七号遥感卫星数据开展地质灾害遥感解译思路及方法,在该地区所进行的地质灾害遥感解译工作中表现出显著优势,具有较强的实用性和可行性,能够为其他地质灾害遥感解译工作提供有力的参考和指导。

共生理论下福建山区传统村落规划路径研究——以永安市张荆村为例

国土空间规划背景下,福建要求所有村庄规划应编尽编。福建山区传统村落作为福建村庄的特殊代表,亟需厘清国土空间规划背景下的村庄规划路径。文章以共生理论为理论分析工具,梳理山区传统村落"人、屋、文、土、业、景"六大单元的共生关系及构建共生关系面临的困境。最后以张荆村为例,运用共生理论进行实践探索,从构建人与人、屋与屋、文与文、土与土、业与业、景与景等六方面共生关系,提出张荆村村庄规划路径,以期为山区传统村落规划提供参考范式。

Topographical relief characteristics and its impact on population and economy:A case study of the mountainous area in western Henan,China

Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas.The limitation is especially apparent in the mountain?plain t「ansition zone.Taking the transition zone between the Qinling Mountains and the North China Plain(i.e.the mountainous area in western Henan Province)as an example and based on the 200-m resolution DEM data,we used the mean change-point analysis to determine the optimal statistical unit for topographical relief,and thereafter extracted the relief degree.Taking the 1:100,000 land use data,township population and county-level industrial data,population and economic spatial models were constructed,and 200?m resolution grid population and economic density maps were gen erated.Afterwards,statistical analysis was carried out to quantitatively reveal the impact of topographical relief on population and economy.In addition,the impacts of other topographical factors were discussed.The results showed the following.(1)The relief degree in western Henan is generally low,where 58.6%of the regional topography does not exceed half the height of a reference mountain(relative elevation W250 m).Spatially,the relief degree is high in the west while low in the east,and high in the middle while low in the north and south.There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation,and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope.(2)The linear fitting degree between the population and economic validation data and the corresponding simulation data are 0.943 and 0.909,respectively,indicating that the spatialized results can reflect the actual population and economic distribution.(3)The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors.The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relati on ship with population density(0.911)and economic density(0.874).Specifically,88.65%of the population lives in areas where the topographical relief is W0.5 and 88.03%of the gross regional product was from areas where the relief is W0.3.Compared with the population distribution,the economic development showed an obvious agglomeration trend towards low relief areas.

西部民族地区“两山”转化指数测度及对共同富裕影响效应研究

文章从“绿水青山”和“金山银山”两个维度测度了“两山”转化指数,从发展性、共享性和可持续性三个维度测度了共同富裕发展水平,利用2011—2020年西部民族地区省域面板数据实证考察了“两山”转化对共同富裕的影响效应和作用机制。研究发现:在我国西部民族地区,“两山”转化显著推动了共同富裕的实现,且产业结构升级是“两山”转化推动共同富裕实现的重要传导机制,“两山”转化通过促进产业结构高级化和产业整体结构优化加快共同富裕发展;“两山”转化与共同富裕发展间的正向关系存在显著的异质性,在“绿水青山”程度较高、第三产业占比较高、科技发展水平较高以及政府转移支付较高的情境下推动作用更明显。

DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER AND ITS MITIGATION COUNTERMEASURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MOUNTAIN AREAS IN THE WESTERN CHINA

The economy and construction of cities/towns in the mountain areas will grow rapidly along with deepening of the western development program, during which debris flow disaster will be more serious. How to solve this problem and mitigate the debris flow disaster is an important task. In this paper, the distribution, harm and developing tendency of debris flow were analyzed. After discussing prevention projects, rebuilding and expanding of old cities/towns and traffic construction that will meet debris flow problem, integrative mitigation countermeasures, such as controlling debris flow by civil engineering, improving drainage area environment by biologic project, forecast of risk zones and disaster situation, were put forward.

区域视角下的福建客家传统村落空间特征

【目的】福建西部(简称闽西)因客家的聚居而成为一个独特的文化区,福建客家传统村落是在客家文化和闽西地理环境的双重影响下所形成的物质空间,对其进行研究可填补福建传统村落区域群体类型的研究空白,并促进福建客家传统村落的区域保护与利用。【方法】采用ArcGIS空间分析工具、空间分维值和边界形状指数2种空间形态分析方法,通过民居类型、地形坡度、海拔高度、河流特征、村落空间、村落形态等村落特征信息,对闽西138个客家传统村落进行群体性研究。【结果】发现闽西客家传统村落在同一文化背景下呈现地理空间分异状态。并从3个方面进一步揭示客家文化与闽西客家传统村落空间特征的关联性:村落对自然环境空间的被动适应体现了迁徙属性;村落空间的高致密化体现了移垦属性;村落形态的强凝聚性体现了宗族属性。【结论】揭示了客家文化影响下的闽西客家传统村落的空间特征和形成逻辑,为福建客家传统村落的保护与建设提供理论支撑,有利于推动福建客家传统村落保护从单一保护向区域群体保护的发展,并构建一个均衡的闽西客家传统村落保护体系。

鄂西山区日本落叶松人工林全林整体模型研究与应用

为解决林分各测树因子及其生长模型之间的相容性问题,采用非线性度量误差联立方程组法建立鄂西山区日本落叶松人工林全林整体模型。研究结果表明,非线性度量误差联立方程组方法,能保证模型的相容性与无偏性;各林分因子的平均相对误差和相对均方误差均在6.5%以下,模型参数稳定性及预测精度均较高;建立的全林整体模型可用于不同初始条件的日本落叶松人工林林分生长收获预估、定量间伐作业设计以及林分密度控制图绘制。相关研究结果可为研究区日本落叶松人工林高效可持续经营提供科学参考。

西昆仑山前柯深—柯东地区断裂传递型超压的识别与计算

西昆仑山前柯深—柯东地区断裂构造活动剧烈,在浅部地层中存在压力系数高达2.1的极高超压,对于这种超压分布特征和形成机制的研究和认识对钻井工程和油气运移研究具有十分重要的意义。综合储层实测压力、间接估算的泥岩地层压力以及超压地层岩石力学与物性的关系等资料,并结合研究区断裂发育条件和油气运移史,分析了地层压力分布特征和主控机制。结果表明,西昆仑山前柯深和柯东两地区在古近系—白垩系储层中各自形成了相对统一的异常压力系统,系统内地层压力向深部以静水压力梯度增加,储层压力大于附近泥岩压力。研究区储层压力分布特征与深部流体沿开启性断裂的向上传递密切相关。在此基础上,估算了压力传递量,并探讨了影响压力传递量的地质因素。柯深和柯东地区断裂传递增压量分别为15.0~34.0 MPa和8.1~16.5 MPa,与实测总剩余压力的比值分别为24.2%~67.2%和23.4%~53.7%。两个地区断裂传递增压量的差异主要受断裂发育及其与地层的空间配置关系的影响。

皖西大别山区传统村落空间分布特征及其影响因素研究

以皖西大别山区31个国家级传统村落和83个省级传统村落为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析方法,从空间分布的类型、均衡程度、自然地理、社会经济等方面揭示皖西大别山区传统村落空间分布的主要特征;通过地理探测器工具进一步探究影响其分布的主要因子及各因子的驱动力大小。结果表明:传统村落空间分布呈现“大分散、小聚集”的特征,潜山市、岳西县和金寨县为核心区;传统村落空间分布与地形地貌、河流水系和土地类型等自然地理条件密切相关,同时也与主要道路和城镇化水平等社会经济方面存在一定的相关性;自然环境条件对皖西大别山区传统村落分布的驱动力高于社会经济方面。

西部山区泥石流灾害下建筑物破坏特征与破坏等级划分

近年来我国西部山区泥石流灾害频发,严重威胁当地居民的生命财产安全,其中,建筑物的破坏是造成各类损失的重要原因。正确认识泥石流的致灾机理和泥石流灾害下建筑的破坏特征不仅是正确评价泥石流灾害风险的基础,也是科学构建泥石流下房屋建筑易损性模型的依据。基于文献查阅、新闻资料和现场调研,首先对西部山区泥石流灾害主要特点进行了归纳阐述,其次梳理了近年来发生泥石流灾害中建筑物的破坏特征,最后结合泥石流的动力学特性和建筑结构情况剖析了建筑结构的受损机理。基于建筑物的空间分布与泥石流强度的时空耦合变化特征,对泥石流强度表征方式给出方向性建议;基于建筑的受损机理,参考地震作用下建筑的破坏等级划分标准,初步提出了泥石流下建筑物破坏等级划分方式,旨在为防灾减灾工作提供一定参考。

鄂西山区柳杉人工林全林整体模型研建与应用

在对鄂西山区柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei人工林60块标准地立地分级基础上,采用非线性度量误差联立方程组法建立了柳杉人工林全林整体模型,保证了模型的相容性和无偏估计;模型检验结果表明各林分因子的平均相对误差和相对均方误差均在6.5%以下,模型参数稳定性及预测精度均较高;同时,应用全林整体模型可对不同初始条件的柳杉人工林林分生长进行模拟预测、定量间伐作业设计以及绘制不同立地条件的林分密度控制图。