Chemopreventive Effects of Black Tea Polyphenols in Mouse Skin Model of Carcinogenesis

In the present investigations, the antitumorigenic effect of black tea polyphenols (BTP) in twcrstage mouse skin model of carcinogenesis was studied. The animals were initiated with a single 'subcarcinogenic' topical dose (52 μg/200 μl acetone ) of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). To evaluate the anti-tumour initiating activity, BTP was topically applied twice a week for three weeks prior to DMBA application, followed by topical treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (5 μg/200 μl acetone, 2x/wk. ) as promoter. For evaluation of antitumor promoting activity, BTP was applied prior to each treatment of TPA. BTP application showed marked inhibitory effect as antitumour initiator as well as antitumour promoter in mouse skin medel of two-stage carcinogenesis. Since initiation involves genetic pathway and tumour promotion involves epigenetic pathway, it seems that BTP exerts its antitumorigenic effect by altering both genetic and epigenetic pathways

Differential Effects of Butyric Acid on Mouse Skin Tumorigenesis

We studied the effects of butyric acid (BA) on mouse skin tumorigenesis using chronicanimal bioassays. Topical application of BA immediately after each treatment with 12-0-te-t radecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promoter' inhi bi ted skint umors. The effect was depe n -dent on the dose of BA applied. BA showed no marked inhibitory effect on either skin tumorinitiation or complete tumorigenesis induced by dimet hyl benzant hracene (DMBA ). Si nce t u -mor promotion reportedly involves epigenetic events whereas tumor initiation or complete tu-morigenesis takes place through genetic pathways, it is Possible that BA exerts its antitumori-genic effects mainly by altering the epigenetic events responsible for tumor promotion. The re-sults of the study could further be used to study the mechanism of action and modification ofantitumorigenic effects of BA in combination with other substances

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTICAGENTS IN COMBINATION WITH CHINESE HERBAL COMPOUNDS AS IMMUNOMODULATORS IN MOUSE S_(180)

The effect of the Chinese herbal compound (CHC) on solid sarcoma 180 (S180) in Swiss mice was studied either alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), cyclophosphamide (CYT) or mitomycin C (MMC). The preliminary results indicated that combination treatment seemed to possess better antitumor activity than chemotherapy alone. The treatment with CHC alone however had neither an obvious antitumor effect in tumor bearing mice nor toxicity in normal mice. These results show that CHC may stimulate organs of the immune system such as the spleen to be im-munomodulators and enhance the antitumor activity of some chemotherapeutic agents.

Anti-tumor effects induced by gene vaccines co-expressing truncated human prostate specific membrane antigen gene and mouse 4-1BBL

Objective To investigate the influence of m4-1BBL on anti-tumor effects induced by truncated human prostate specific membrane antigen ( tPSMA ) gene in mice. Methods A eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding tPSMA and m4-1BBL ( pDC316-tPSMA-IRES m4-1BBL) ,pDC316-tPSMA and pDC316 were constructed.

Construction of Cox7a2 fluorescent vector and its effect on cytochrome C oxidase activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4

Objective To construct Cox7a2 fluorescent vector and study its effect on cytochrome C oxidase ( COX) activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4. Methods The coding region of CoxTa2 was amplified from mouse Sertoli cell line TM4 by RT-PCR. PCR product was

Establishment and Evaluation of a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis

[Objectives]To explore a new method for induction of allergic rhinitis in mice,and compare and evaluate it with common modeling methods.[Methods]36 mice were randomly divided into the control group,blank group and experimental group,and there were 12 mice in each group.The mice in the control group were conventionally induced.That is,the mice were first injected intraperitoneally with the mixture composed of OVA 50μg,[Al(OH)3]5 mg and 1ml of normal saline once every other day,and then since the 15 th d,20μL of 5%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 7 d.The blank group was treated with the same amount of normal saline according to the control group,and received intraperitoneal injection and bilateral nasal drip respectively.In the experimental group,mice were first given intraperitoneal injection of the mixture composed of ovalbumin(OVA)75μg,aluminum hydroxide gel[Al(OH)3]8 mg and normal saline 1.5 mL for basic sensitization.On the 26 th d,20μL of 3%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 10 d.The number of sneezes,the number of nose scratching,the amount of nasal discharge,and the activity of mice in each group were observed,and the behavior of allergic reaction was scored.Meanwhile,the number of eosinophils in the nasal discharge of mice and the IgE content in serum were measured.[Results]The score of nasal stimulation symptoms,the number of eosinophils and serum IgE level of mice in the control group and the experimental group were higher than those in the blank group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance between the two groups in the three indicators(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The modeling method was more suitable for the development of allergic rhinitis patients condition,and reduced the probability of death of mice due to modeling,and simplified the experimental operation.

Study on Anti-infection Effect of Polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on Mice

In order to study the anti-infection effect of phoshporylated Agaricus blazei polysaccharide on mice, mice were drenched phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide for 14 d, and an A. blazei polysaccharide control group and a blank control group were also set. The mice in all the three groups were infected with Escherichia coli on the 15 th day and the 29 th day of the experiment, the body weight of the mice in each group was recorded, as well as the spleen index on the 29 th day of infection and the 36 th day of the experiment, and the anti- E. coli titer in serum was also detected. The results showed that phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide could promote and maintain the development of spleen, and improve the immune response of organisms, thereby resisting bacterial infection. Furthermore, phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide has better immunoregulation and anti-infection effects than A. blazei polysaccharide, and could play an important role in veterinary clinical treatment and prevention and control of diseases as a immunologic adjuvant or immunopotentiator.

Study on the Antitumor Effects of Low-energy Laser Irradiation Combined with Cyclophosphamide

Systematic experiments about the antitumor effects of low energy laser irradiation combined with the traditional antitumor medicine of cyclophosphamide were conducted using the experimental model of mouse S180 ascites sarcoma.The three groups of tumor bearing mice were irradiated upon the inner corners with the dosages of 11 00,14 67 and 22 00 J·cm -2 LELI respectively,and injected with CYT intraperitoneally to observe the changes of the survival time,the ascites growth speed,and the kinetic changes of immune functions.The survival times of the three groups of CYT/LELI combination were obviously longer than those of the tumor and CYT control groups.Correspondingly,the amounts of ascites,tumor cells densities and total tumor cells in CYT/LELI groups decreased significantly,while the death ratio of the tumor cells increased.Comparatively,the group of 22 00 J·cm -2 LELI combined with CYT showed the most ideal antitumor effects,and the life prolongation ratio was up to 53 20%.

ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS ON MOUSE LEUKEMIA VIRUS REPLICATION BY OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

Oligodeoxynucleotides (Oligomers) including modified and unmodified, homo-and heterooligomers were tested for their ability to inhibit mouse SRS leukemia virus (SRSV)-induced proliferation of cells, colony formation, syncytium formation and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in vitro. Phosphorothioate analogs complementary to Mo-MuLV sequences, as well as noncomplementary homooligomers, were found to be active. Unmodified homooligomer (dC14) also showed inhibition of growth of ascitic lymphoma carrying SRS virus. Our study suggests that different classes of oligonucleotides may inhibit SRSV replication with different mechanisms.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF METRONOMIC ZOLEDRONATE WITH CORIOLUS VERSICOLOR IN A METASTATIC BREAST TUMOR MOUSE MODEL

Incidence of breast cancer is high in women worldwide and mortality usually results from tumor metastasis.Adjuvant chemotherapeutic,such as zoledronate(ZOL),has been used in metastatic breast cancer mainly for skeletal protection.Our previous studies demonstrated that Coriolus versicolor(CV)aqueous extract exhibited anti-tumor

Lack of an Additive Effect between the Deletions of Klf5 and Nkx3-1 in Mouse Prostatic Tumorigenesis

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies.The development and progression of prostate cancer are driven by a series of genetic and epigenetic events including gene amplification that activates oncogenes and chromosomal deletion that inactivates tumor suppressor genes.Whereas gene amplification occurs in human prostate cancer,gene deletion is more common,

The effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone,estradiol and prolactin on sodium/iodide symporter mRNA expression in mouse lactating mammary gland cells under different iodine levels

Objective The present study investigated the sodium/iodide symporter mRNA expression in mouse lactating mammary gland cells under different iodine levels and the effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),estradiol(E2)and prolactin(PRL)on NIS mRNA expression in mouse lactating mammary gland cells.

Evaluation of Central Nervous System Acting Effects of Plant-Derived Essential Oils Using Ambulatory Activity in Mice

Although plant-derived essential oils (EOs) have traditionally been used for treating various kinds of mental disorders, their Central Nervous System (CNS) acting effects have not yet been clarified well. The present study examined effects of 30 kinds of EOs on ambulatory activity, a kind of spontaneous motor activity, in ICR mice. Nineteen kinds of them did not produce any significant effects on the ambulatory activity of mice. Although effects of EOs of lavender, jasmine and neroli on the activity were statistically significant, their CNS acting properties remained unclear. EOs of peppermint, chamomile, thyme, tea tree, rosemary and basil significantly increased the ambulatory activity of mice as well as CNS stimulants, suggesting that they possess CNS stimulant-like effects. In contrast, an EO of myrtle significantly decreased the activity as well as CNS depressants, suggesting that it possesses a CNS depressant-like effect. An EO of palmarosa significantly increased the activity at a lower dose and decreased at a higher dose as well as some kinds of CNS depressants such as ethanol, suggesting that it also possesses a CNS depressant-like effect. These 8 kinds of EOs might be useful for treating some kinds of mental troubles and/or symptoms through their CNS acting effects.

Inhibition of mouse tumors by heavy ion irradiation

Inhibition effects, control probabilities and pathology tissue changes of mouse transplanted tumors S180 after irradiation with 50 MeVu 12C6+ ions are reported. Doses of single irradiation were 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 Gy, respectivelyl at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min. Observing time was 24 days. The results show that each group had significant inhibition action on S180 tumors and all inhibitory probabilities were more than 90%; the initial time of inducing tumor inhibition effects were within one week in high dose groups （20, 40 Gy）, and after two weeks in medium dose groups （5, 10 Gy） and low dose groups （0.5, 1, 2 Gy）; also, inhibitory effects in high dose groups were obviously greater than other groups （p <0.05）; tumor control probabilities were different in each group) those in high dose groups （20, 40 Gy） were higher and TCD50 （50% tumor control dose） was 20Gy; the results for curing tumors are different in different doses; pathology inspection presented here were tumor tissue necrosis and degeneration in each dose group and they depended on doses.

Effects of clausenamide on anisodine-induced acetylcholine decrease and memory deficits in the mouse brain

Abstract Objectives To study the action mechanism of a new cognition enhancer clausenamide and the effect of clausenamide on regional acetylcholine (ACh) levels, and to examine anisodine induced ACh decrease in mice of memory deficits, and to compare the effect of (-)clausenamide on ACh with that of (+)clausenamide. Methods Animal amnesia model was induced by i.p. anisodine and brain ACh content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Results Single administration of (-)clausenamide or (+)clausenamide (10, 20, 50 mg/kg, i.g.) had no effect on the ACh level in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. However, pretreatment with (-)clausenamide (10, 20, 50 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly ameliorated the reduction of ACh induced by anisodine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in a dose dependent manner. Physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.), as a cholinesterase inhibitor significantly increased the ACh levels and reversed the anisodine induced ACh decrease. In contrast, (+)clausenamide had no effect on ACh decrease in all examined brain regions. (-)Clausenamide ameliorated anisodine induced memory deficits in step through test in mice. Conclusion There is significant difference in the action of (-)clausenamide and (+)clausenamide. The protective action of (-)clausenamide against anisodine induced amnesia is due to its ability to reverse the ACh reduction.

成鼠与幼鼠超排后生殖器官的组织形态学比较

【目的】以小鼠为模式动物,比较幼鼠超排后生殖器官组织形态学变化,为家畜中实施幼畜超排提供理论参考。【方法】选取体重一致的幼龄和成年小鼠各12只,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组6只。试验组激素超排处理,大体解剖结合组织切片和透射电镜,分析激素处理后幼鼠与成鼠生殖器官的形态学差异。【结果】成鼠超排组黄体数量显著低于幼鼠超排组(P<0.05),然而黄体面积和直径极显著高于幼鼠超排组(P<0.01)。超微结构显示颗粒黄体细胞和膜黄体细胞中均可见丰富脂滴,成鼠超排组的颗粒黄体细胞排列较幼鼠超排组紧密。成鼠超排组子宫腔上皮较成鼠对照组卷曲明显,同时子宫角宽、子宫体宽、子宫角面及直径较成鼠对照组显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);幼鼠超排组的子宫角直径、环肌层厚度及纵肌层厚度均显著高于(P<0.01或P<0.05)幼鼠对照组。【结论】激素处理后幼鼠排卵数目较成鼠多,但成熟卵泡的面积较成鼠小,这可能会影响卵子的质量;成鼠和幼鼠子宫对超排激素的反应性不同。

夜合安神丸镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的:观察夜合安神丸的镇静催眠作用。方法:50只小鼠,随机分为5组,空白组,阳性对照组(安神补脑液5.2 mL/kg),夜合安神丸低、中、高剂量(3.2、1.6、0.8 g/kg)组,每日灌胃给药1次,连续7 d。采用小鼠自主活动、协同戊巴比妥钠睡眠实验及协同水合氯醛睡眠实验观察对小鼠直接睡眠的影响,测定并计算戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间,阈下剂量的睡眠百分率及水合氯醛阈下剂量的睡眠百分率。结果:夜合安神丸对小鼠自主活动有明显的抑制作用,可增加小鼠协同戊巴比妥钠和水合氯醛阈下剂量睡眠百分率,缩短小鼠协同戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量入睡潜伏期,延长小鼠协同戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量睡眠时间。结论:夜合安神丸具有较好的镇静催眠作用。

影响羊供体超数排卵与受体移植受胎率的因素分析

为了研究影响羊供体超数排卵效果及胚胎移植受体受胎率的因素,试验选取萨福克羊和东弗里升羊2个供体品种,受体羊为本地阿勒泰羊,对促卵泡素(FSH)不同批次、长途运输应激因素、不同输精方式、技术员的熟练程度以及受体同期化时间差等5个方面的影响因素开展了相关研究。结果表明:FSH的不同批次对萨福克和东弗里升2种供体羊可用胚率无显著影响(P>0.05);长途运输组供体羊,无论是萨福克羊还是东弗里升羊,胚胎数和受胎率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);不同输精方式,子宫角+常规输精的获胚率极显著高于常规输精、子宫角输精(P<0.01),子宫角输精显著高于常规输精(P<0.05);胚胎移植操作熟练组受胎率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);受体羊撤栓时间不同,发情时间相差±12 h,两组受体羊受胎率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。本试验结果可为从事胚胎移植工作的科研工作者和技术员提供借鉴。

基于谱效关系的款冬花祛痰活性成分研究

目的:研究款冬花提取物的高效液相色谱指纹图谱与祛痰作用的谱效关系,筛选款冬花的祛痰活性成分。方法:采用高效液相色谱法建立款冬花提取物的指纹图谱并获得其化学成分含量信息,采用小鼠酚红排泌模型获得款冬花提取物的祛痰药效指标信息,采用偏最小二乘回归法对款冬花提取物的化学成分含量信息与祛痰药效指标信息进行谱效相关分析。结果:初步判断芦丁、异槲皮苷、绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C及峰3成分、峰17成分构成款冬花的祛痰活性成分群。结论:款冬花的祛痰作用是多成分共同作用的结果。本研究结果可为关联药效的款冬花质量标准的建立提供参考。

化妆品美白原料筛选的体外评价体系建立与应用

目的:基于黑色素细胞(B16-F10)建立一种简便、有效的化妆品美白功效原料的体外筛选体系。方法:裂解B16-F10细胞提取细胞酪氨酸酶,探究粗酪氨酸酶提取液的酶活力,构建基本反应体系,优化反应体积、反应比例和反应时间等条件,基于此反应体系评估化妆品原料的潜在美白功效。研究化妆品原料对B16-F10细胞活力影响,采用光学显微镜拍照法检测细胞分泌黑色素的含量。结果:细胞酪氨酸酶活力约为31.70 U/mg。筛选体系的反应条件为总反应体系体积100μL、底物左旋多巴体积20μL、质量浓度1 mg/mL、细胞酪氨酸酶提取液体积30μL、反应时间80 min。光学分析法研究细胞内黑色素合成及分泌的含量,验证了原料光甘草定和传明酸的美白功效。结论:基于黑色素细胞,建立了一种有效的化妆品原料美白功效的体外筛选体系。