Utilization of Basalt Saw Mud as a Spherical Porous Functional Aggregate for the Preparation of Ordinary Structure Concrete

To promote the production and application of artificial aggregates,save natural sand resources and protect the ecological environment,we evaluated the feasibility of using spherical porous functional aggregates(SPFAs) formed by basalt saw mud under autoclave curing in ordinary structural concrete.In our work,two types of prewetted functional aggregates were taken as replacements for natural aggregates with different volume substitution rates(0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,and 30%) in the preparation of ordinary structural concrete with water-to-binder ratios(W/B) of 0.48 and 0.33.The effects of the functional aggregate properties and content,W/B,and curing age on the fluidity,density,mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage of ordinary concrete were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the density of concrete declined at a rate of not more than 5%,and the 28 d compressive strength could reach 31.0-68.2 MPa.Low W/B,long curing age and high-quality functional aggregates were conducive to enhancing the mechanical properties of SPFAs concrete.Through the rolling effects,SPFAs can optimize the particle gradation of aggregate systems and improve the fluidity of concrete,and the water stored inside SPFAs provides an internal curing effect,which prolongs the cement hydration process and considerably reduces the autogenous shrinkage of concrete.SPFAs exhibits high strength and high density,as well as being more cost-effective and ecological,and is expected to be widely employed in ordinary structural concrete.

Depositional process of hyperpycnal flow deposits:A case study on Lower Cretaceous Sangyuan outcrop in the Luanping Basin,Northeast China

Sedimentary process research is of great significance for understanding the distribution and characteristics of sediments.Through the detailed observation and measurement of the Sangyuan outcrop in Luanping Basin,this paper studies the depositional process of the hyperpycnal flow deposits,and divides their depositional process into three phases,namely,acceleration,erosion and deceleration.In the acceleration phase,hyperpycnal flow begins to enter the basin nearby,and then speeds up gradually.Deposits developed in the acceleration phase are reverse.In addition,the original deposits become unstable and are taken away by hyperpycnal flows under the eroding force.As a result,there are a lot of mixture of red mud pebbles outside the basin and gray mud pebbles within the basin.In the erosion phase,the reverse deposits are eroded and become thinner or even disappear.Therefore,no reverse grading characteristic is found in the proximal major channel that is closer to the source,but it is still preserved in the middle branch channel that is far from the source.After entering the deceleration phase,normally grading deposits appear and cover previous deposits.The final deposits in the basin are special.Some are reverse,and others are normal.They are superimposed with each other under the action of hyperpycnal flow.The analysis of the Sangyuan outcrop demonstrates the sedimentary process and distribution of hyperpycnites,and reasonably explain the sedimentary characteristics of hyperpycnites.It is helpful to the prediction of oil and gas exploration targets in gravity flow deposits.

Solidification/Stabilization of Chromium in Red Mud-based Geopolymer

Up to 1.5wt%of Cr(Ⅲ)salts(CrCl_(3),and Cr_(2)O_(3))and Cr(Ⅵ)salts(Na_(2)CrO_(4),and CaCr_(2)O_(7))were incorporated into red mud-based geopolymers,respectively.The solidification/stabilization,compressive strength,and durability of the Cr-containing geopolymers were investigated.The experimental results indicate that the red mud-based geopolymer could effectively solidify/stabilize different types of Cr salts with solidification/stabilization rates of above 99.61%.Geopolymers are environmentally safe when the dosage of CaCr_(2)O_(7)is≤1.0wt%,or the dosage of CrCl_(3),Cr_(2)O_(3),and Na_(2)CrO_(4)is≤1.5wt%,respectively.The effects of Cr salts on the compressive strength varies with the type and content of Cr salts.The freeze-thaw cycle is more destructive to geopolymer properties than sulfate attack or acid rain erosion.The solidification/stabilization of Cr is mainly attributed to the following reasons:a)The chemical binding of Cr is related to the formation of Cr-containing hydrates(eg,magnesiochromite((Mg,Fe)(Cr,Al)_(2)O_(4)))and doping into N-A-S-H gel and C-A-S-H gel framework;b)The physical effect is related to the encapsulation by the hydration products(e g,N-A-S-H gel and C-A-S-H gel).This study provides a reference for the treatment of hazardous Cr-containing wastes by solid waste-based geopolymers.

Machine learning for carbonate formation drilling: Mud loss prediction using seismic attributes and mud loss records

Due to the complexity and variability of carbonate formation leakage zones, lost circulation prediction and control is one of the major challenges of carbonate drilling. It raises well-control risks and production expenses. This research utilizes the H oilfield as an example, employs seismic features to analyze mud loss prediction, and produces a complete set of pre-drilling mud loss prediction solutions. Firstly, 16seismic attributes are calculated based on the post-stack seismic data, and the mud loss rate per unit footage is specified. The sample set is constructed by extracting each attribute from the seismic trace surrounding 15 typical wells, with a ratio of 8:2 between the training set and the test set. With the calibration results for mud loss rate per unit footage, the nonlinear mapping relationship between seismic attributes and mud loss rate per unit size is established using the mixed density network model.Then, the influence of the number of sub-Gausses and the uncertainty coefficient on the model's prediction is evaluated. Finally, the model is used in conjunction with downhole drilling conditions to assess the risk of mud loss in various layers and along the wellbore trajectory. The study demonstrates that the mean relative errors of the model for training data and test data are 6.9% and 7.5%, respectively, and that R2is 90% and 88%, respectively, for training data and test data. The accuracy and efficacy of mud loss prediction may be greatly enhanced by combining 16 seismic attributes with the mud loss rate per unit footage and applying machine learning methods. The mud loss prediction model based on the MDN model can not only predict the mud loss rate but also objectively evaluate the prediction based on the quality of the data and the model.

Temperature prediction model in multiphase flow considering phase transition in the drilling operations

The study considers gas compression properties,gas slippage,back pressure(BP),phase transition(PT),well depth,and differences in gas-liquid physical properties.A new temperature model for multiphase flow is proposed by considering phase transition in the drilling process.The mathematical model of multiphase flow is solved using the finite difference method with annulus mesh division for grid nodes,and a module for multiphase flow calculation and analysis is developed.Numerical results indicate that the temperature varies along the annulus with the variation of gas influx at the bottom of the well.During the process of controlled pressure drilling,as gas slips along the annulus to the wellhead,its volume continuously expands,leading to an increase in the gas content within the annulus,and consequently,an increase in the pressure drop caused by gas slippage.The temperature increases with the increase in BP and decreases in gas influx rate and wellbore diameter.During gas influx,the thermal conductivity coefficient for the gas-drilling mud two phases is significantly weakened,resulting in a considerable change in temperature along the annulus.In the context of MPD,the method of slightly changing the temperature along the annulus by controlling the back pressure is feasible.

Detection of a mud volcano in the Weitan Banks area of the northern South China Sea

Situated between the petroliferous Cenozoic Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin and the mud volcano-rich Mesozoic Dongsha Basin in the middle sector of the northern South China Sea,the Weitan Banks area has been previously mapped as a basement high that is composed of Mesozoic magmatic rocks.In this study,we present several favorable indicators for petroleum geology that were detected from geophysical profiling and benthic sampling in the area.A conspicuous hill was discovered,named“Zhongwei Hill”,~80 m high above the~340 m deep seafloor and~1 km broad,in a depression with more than 7 km thick sedimentary strata.The Zhongwei Hill was seismically imaged with a mushroom-shaped structure and containing a cake-like crown,fluid flow pipes,and an~10 km broad anticline at depth.Thus,the hill represents a source-plumbing-eruption system.Shallow gas zones linked to deep fracture were found at or near the hill.Stratigraphic correlation indicates that the deep strata comprise the Jurassic and Paleogene strata,the major hosts of hydrocarbon source rocks.In addition to the hill,there are number of mounds from which three bottom water samples were collected and the samples are rich in dissolved methane with concentrations high up to~900 nmol/L,much higher than the background level(0.5–2 nmol/L).The benthic samples are rich in coarse sediment clastics,authigenic carbonate nodules,and deep-water habitats likely feeding on methanotrophic community.Given these observations and the context,we propose that the Zhongwei Hill represents a mud volcano,likely thermally driven,that seeps methane from Jurassic and Paleogene source layers,thus poses a favorable clue for significant hydrocarbon generation capacity in transitional zone of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin and the Dongsha Basin.

Synergistic CO_(2) mineralization using coal fly ash and red mud as a composite system

CO_(2) mineralization plays a critical role in the storage and utilization of CO_(2).Coal fly ash(CFA)and red mud(RM)are widely utilized as CO_(2) mineralizers.However,the inert calcium species in CFA limit its carbonation capacity,meanwhile the substantial Ca^(2+)releasing of RM is hindered by a covering layer of calcium carbonate.In this study,CO_(2) mineralization in a composite system of CFA and RM was investigated to enhance the carbonation capacity.Multiple analyzers were employed to characterize the raw materials and resulting mineralization products.The results demonstrated that a synergistic effect existed in the composite system of CFA and RM,resulting in improving CO_(2) mineralization rate and efficiency.The produced calcium carbonate was ectopically attached the surface of CFA in the composite system,thus slowing down its coverage on the surface of RM.This phenomenon facilitated further releasing Ca^(2+)from the internal RM,thereby enhancing CO_(2) mineralization efficiency.Meanwhile,the inclusion of RM significantly improved the alkalinity of the composite system,which not only promoted the dissolution of Ca^(2+)of the inert CaSO_(4)(H_(2)O)_(2) in CFA,but also accelerated CO_(2) mineralization rate.The investigation would be beneficial to CO_(2) mineralization using industrial solid wastes.

A Real-time Lithological Identification Method based on SMOTE-Tomek and ICSA Optimization

In petroleum engineering,real-time lithology identification is very important for reservoir evaluation,drilling decisions and petroleum geological exploration.A lithology identification method while drilling based on machine learning and mud logging data is studied in this paper.This method can effectively utilize downhole parameters collected in real-time during drilling,to identify lithology in real-time and provide a reference for optimization of drilling parameters.Given the imbalance of lithology samples,the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE)and Tomek link were used to balance the sample number of five lithologies.Meanwhile,this paper introduces Tent map,random opposition-based learning and dynamic perceived probability to the original crow search algorithm(CSA),and establishes an improved crow search algorithm(ICSA).In this paper,ICSA is used to optimize the hyperparameter combination of random forest(RF),extremely random trees(ET),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and light gradient boosting machine(LGBM)models.In addition,this study combines the recognition advantages of the four models.The accuracy of lithology identification by the weighted average probability model reaches 0.877.The study of this paper realizes high-precision real-time lithology identification method,which can provide lithology reference for the drilling process.

Analysis of Calcined Red Mud Properties and Related Mortar Performances

Red mud(RM)is a low-activity industrial solid waste,and its utilization as a resource is currently a hot topic.In this study,the micro characteristics of red mud at different calcination temperatures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The performance of calcined red mud was determined through mortar strength tests.Results indicate that high-temperature calcination can change the mineral composition and microstructure of red mud,and increase the surface roughness and specific surface area.At the optimal temperature of 700°C,the addition of calcined red mud still leads to a decrease in mortar strength,but its activity index and flexural coefficient increase by 16.2%and 11.9%with respect to uncalcined red mud,reaching values of 0.826 and 0.974,respectively.Compared with the control group,the synergistic activation of calcined red mud with slag can increase the compressive and flexural strength of the mortar by 12.9%and 1.5%,reaching 8.7 and 62.4 MPa,respectively.Correspondingly,the activity index and flexural coefficient of the calcined RM and GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag)mixtures also increase to 1.015 and 1.130,respectively.

Response and assembly of abundant and rare taxa in Zaopei under different combination patterns of Daqu and pit mud:from microbial ecology to Baijiu brewing microecosystem

The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.

Morphing the Rules:Advanced Adaptations of Mud in Nigerian Buildings

Mud is a ubiquitous building material in Nigeria,perhaps this is the reason why it is hardly seen as the outright building material that it is.The most popular contribution of mud to Nigerian architecture can only be seen in the ancient traditional huts all over the country.Although still a building material in the suburbs of the country,mud is seen as a relic of the past,a symbol of a primitive tale of Nigerian building construction.The primary effort here is to redefine mud as a“skin”with infinite possibilities of imagery and texture,rather than its typical application as a wall in Nigerian architecture.Mud is attempted to be expressed via a new geometric vocabulary by re-evaluating its surreptitious properties including its ability to behave like a formally defined NURBS(non-uniform rational basis spline)surface.The properties of mud and clay are unconventionally simulated in computer modelling and analysis software to understand the ways in which it can be optimized for advanced building applications.Streamlined calculations and algorithmic calculations serve as tools to discover the NURBS-propensity of mud.This provides a whole new low-cost construction opportunity for the building of irregularly flowing structures.

互动与劝服:网络游戏的程序修辞机制

电子游戏深入玩家交互并发展成为庞大的新兴媒介载体,游戏的互动与劝服机制值得关注。本文从亨利·詹金斯的游戏叙事三属性入手,探讨游戏服务于玩家选择的嵌入式叙事、通过布景搭建的环境叙事与在展演中发生的涌现叙事。在游戏叙事属性背后,“程序修辞”积极发挥效能,并对MUDs模型下的四类玩家分别产生叙事、机制、互动、快感限定。从传统叙事研究手段与更深入游戏的“程序修辞”了解这一数字时代的代表性媒介,并深刻理解其背后悬置的人机交互机制。

Formulating Dead Sea Mud in Cosmetic Products, Its Effects on Skin, and the Underlying Biological Mechanism: A Review

Research Background: The marketing of cosmetic products derived from Dead Sea (DS) mud has undergone significant evolution, transforming from simple souvenirs into a large-scale cosmetic industry offering a diverse array of products. DS mud is utilized both as pure mud for home spa treatments and as an active ingredient in cosmetic and cosmeceutical formulations. Its global appeal is largely due to its natural, health-oriented image, which aligns with consumer preferences and provides assurance regarding its use in skincare. Research Objectives: This review examines the published data related to the rationale for formulating DS mud in cosmetics, the biological and cosmetic effects of DS mud on the skin, and the speculated bio-mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods: We screened relevant literature on DS mud collected from the shores of the Dead Sea in Jordan and Israel. Publications on mineral muds excavated in different locations around the globe, as well as studies on the biological mechanisms of other DS minerals, were also reviewed as indications and supportive recommendations. Summarizing the vast collected data into a comprehensive review was undertaken to expose readers to the various aspects of DS mud in cosmetics. Results: The primary reason for formulating DS mud in skincare products is its deep cleansing and skin detoxification properties. Consequently, it is often incorporated into rinse-off masks, soaps, and scrubbing products. Additionally, DS mud is used in leave-on products and sheet masks. Cosmeceutical applications of DS mud, recommended for various skin conditions, offer complementary treatments to improve the quality of life for people with skin diseases. The physicochemical and biological effects of DS mud are driven by its rich mineral ion composition, including magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, zinc, and strontium—elements known to improve skin barrier function, enhance hydration, and reduce inflammation. The high salt concentration induces moderate ionic osmotic stress, stimulating cellular growth and hydration pathways. Moreover, DS mud’s anti-microbial properties further contribute to its therapeutic potential. Ongoing innovations in formulation techniques continue to expand the applications of DS mud, including blending it with other active ingredients, developing novel application methods, and refining manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficacy. Conclusions: DS mud remains a valuable ingredient in modern skincare due to its rich mineral content and therapeutic properties. Ongoing research and technological advancements promise further innovations, reinforcing its status as a natural and effective component in the global cosmetics industry.

Real-Time Fracture Aperture Identification Using Mud Loss Data and Solution for LCM Combination

Managing server lost circulation is a major challenge of drilling operation in naturally fractured formations and it causes much nonproductive rig time. When encountered with loss, the fracture aperture intersecting the wellbore is not well-identified in time, which has a significant impact on the decision of drilling operation and the undesired result of loss curing. Therefore, the onset of fracture is identified in a timely manner and evaluated comprehensively to formulate an appropriate strategy over time. However, the mud loss date, which is the primary source of information retrieved from the drilling process, was not properly used in real-time prediction of fracture aperture. This article provides a detailed mathematical study to discuss the mechanism of mud invasion in the near-wellbore region and prediction of fracture aperture. The fracture aperture can be calculated from mud-loss data by solving a cubic equation with input parameters given by the well radius, the overpressure ratio, and the maximum mud-loss volume. It permits the proper selection of loss-circulation material (LCM) with respect to particle size distribution and fiber usage. The case study illustrates the applicability of this methodology with a discussion on LCM particle distribution in different scenarios and the result demonstrates the outcome of inappropriate LCM usage and the advantages of the novel fiber-based LCM treatment.

Oil Saturation Is Determined by Different Experimental Methods

Oil saturation was an important parameter of reservoir evaluation, which had important guiding significance for oilfield development. In this paper, the oil saturation of tight oil in G area was studied, and the original oil saturation of the study area was studied by using the comprehensive experimental method. The original oil saturation of tight oil in the study area was determined by J function method, rock electricity method and oil-based mud coring method. The results showed that through the comparison of three experimental methods, it could be concluded that the J function method leads to the low value of oil saturation in the study area. The oil-based mud coring method was more suitable for the determination of oil saturation in this area than the other two methods because it needs to meet too many conditions and the calculation results were also low. G area was located in Qili Village, Ordos Basin.

无隔水管海底泵举升系统井底压力计算与分析

在无隔水管海底泵举升系统(riserless mud recovery system,RMR)钻井中,当钻井泵停止工作时,可能会发生U型管效应,而U型管效应的发生势必会导致井底压力处于不平衡状,发生溢流的概率将大大增加。为了能够在U型管效应发生期间,对井底压力进行控制,保持井眼稳定,通过建立RMR系统在停泵工况下的U型管效应环空返速数学模型,对RMR系统在该期间的环空返速和井底压力变化进行了模拟,分析了在恒定井底压力下海底泵入口压力和海底泵出口流量的变化规律。结果表明:海底泵入口流量越小,可调区间越大;钻井泵停泵前流量越大,维持井底压力恒定下的时间越短,钻井泵停泵前27、32、37、42 L/s时流量可调的截止时间分别为21、19、18、16 min。形成了适用于RMR系统在该期间进行井底压力控制的流量调节方法,为实际作业时的井控方法和操作提供了理论指导。

Organic Carbon Deposition on the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea Constrained by Sea Level and Climatic Changes Since the Last Deglaciation

The East China Sea(ECS),which is located in the transitional zone between land and ocean,is the main site for the burial of sedimentary organic carbon.Despite good constraints of the modern source to the sinking process of organic carbon,its fate in response to changes in climate and sea level since the last deglaciation remains poorly understood.We aim to fill this gap by presenting a high-resolution sedimentary record of core EC2005 to derive a better understanding of the evolution of the depositional environment and its control on the organic deposition since 17.3 kyr.Our results suggest that sedimentary organic carbon was deposited in a terrestrial environment before the seawater reached the study area around 13.1 kyr.This significant transition from a terrestrial environment to a marine environment is reflected by the decrease in TOC/TN and TOC/TS ratios,which is attributed to deglacial sea level rise.The sea level continued to rise until it reached its highstand at approximately 7.3 kyr when the mud depocenter was developed.Our results further indicate that the deposition of the sedimentary organic carbon could respond quickly to abrupt cold events,including the Heinrich stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas during the last deglaciation,as well as‘Bond events'during the Holocene.We propose that the rapid response of the organic deposition to those cold events in the northern hemisphere is linked to the East Asian winter monsoon.These new findings demonstrate that organic carbon deposition and burial on the inner shelf could effectively document sea level and climatic changes.

Influence of Bayer Red Mud on the Operational and Mechanical Characteristics of Composite Cement Mortar

The aim of this study is to enhance the value and utilization of red mud generated in the Bayer process by preparing composite cement mortars.The effects of two different types of Bayer red mud with varying physical and chemical characteristics on the fluidity,mechanical strength,mineral composition,and microstructure of the composite cement mortar were systematically evaluated.The results showed that the optimal addition of red mud A was 10 wt%,while it was 20 wt% for red mud B.The mechanical properties of the composite cement mortar met the standards for P·O42.5 cement.Furthermore,the composite mortar with the addition of red mud B showed higher flexural and compressive strengths compared to the composite mortar with red mud A.This improvement is attributed to the smaller particle size of red mud B,which filled the micro-pores and increased the compactness of the cement stone,as well as its higher content of Na_(2)O,K_(2)O,and other free alkalis,which resulted in more obvious alkali activation,accelerating the hydration of the active minerals in the slurry.

主编荐读

随着医疗保障体系的完善和居民健康意识的增强,因未分化疾病(MUD)或亚健康问题就诊的患者日渐增多。1995年WHO的一项研究显示,MUD在不同国家和文化中均普遍存在,并强调了其给患者个人、家庭、医疗系统甚至社会均带来沉重的经济负担。印度一项调查研究表明,MUD多见于初级保健机构,该病患病率为24.6%。我国2018年的一项调查结果显示,全科医生临床工作中有18.6%~21.3%的患者因MUD就诊。MUD具有以下内涵:患者具有某种社会心理因素所导致的不适症状;无法直接做出某种确切疾病的诊断,但也无法完全排除;患者生活质量受到影响,有就诊需求;处理不当可能发展为某些疾病或增加患病风险;反复就诊和检查容易导致医疗资源的浪费。

Research Progress on Green Utilization of Red Mud

Based on the research at home and abroad in recent years,this paper summarizes the recycling of metals in red mud,the preparation of cement and concrete with red mud,and the preparation of cementitious materials with red mud,so as to achieve the purpose of efficient utilization of waste and turning waste into wealth,make positive contribution to environmental protection,and ensure the green and sustainable development of various industries.