The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of sediments in the central South Yellow Sea and Zhe-Min coastal area in China

The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of muddy sediments is made in the central South Yellow Sea and the Zhe-Min（Zhejiang Province to Fujian Province of China） coastal area. The results show that sediments in the two regions are both dominated by mud. There are perfect negative power function correlations between the water content and the density, the compression coefficient and the compression modulus; a good positive power function correlation between the liquid limit and the plastic limit, a perfect positive linear correlation between the water content and the void ratio, and a perfect polynomial function correlation between the miniature vane shear strength and the pocket penetration resistance. In general, compared with sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area, sediments in the central South Yellow Sea possess high water content, high void ratio,low density, high plasticity, high compressibility, low shear strength. The causes of the differences between physical-mechanical properties of sediments are analyzed from the topographic features, material sources,hydrodynamic conditions, deposition rate, and material composition. Compared with the Zhe-Min coastal area,the central South Yellow Sea is far from the Mainland and low-lying; has poor hydrodynamic condition; the materials diffused to the area are less and dominated by fine clay, have the high content of smectite and organic matters. These factors lead to sediments of the central South Yellow Sea has the higher water content, the higher plasticity, the lower density, and the lower strength than sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area.

Rates and fluxes of centennial-scale carbon storage in the fine-grained sediments from the central South Yellow Sea and Min-Zhe belt, East China Sea

The global carbon cycle has played a key role in mitigating global warming and climate change.Long-term natural and anthropogenic processes influence the composition,sources,burial rates,and fluxes of carbon in sediments on the continental shelf of China.In this study,the rates,fluxes,and amounts of carbon storage at the centennial scale were estimated and demonstrated using the case study of three fine-grained sediment cores from the central South Yellow Sea area(SYSA) and Min-Zhe belt(MZB),East China Sea.Based on the high-resolution temporal sequences of total carbon(TC)and total organic carbon(TOC)contents,we reconstructed the annual variations of historical marine carbon storage,and explored the influence of terrestrial and marine sources on carbon burial at the centennial scale.The estimated TC storage over 100 years was 1.18×10~8 t in the SYSA and 1.45×10~9 t in the MZB.The corrected TOC storage fluxes at the centennial scale ranged from 17 to 28 t/(km^2·a)in the SYSA and from 56 to 148 t/(km^2·a)in the MZB.The decrease of terrestrial materials and the increase of marine primary production suggest that the TOC buried in the sediments in the SYSA and MZB was mainly derived from the marine autogenetic source.In the MZB,two depletion events occurred in TC and TOC storage from 1985 to 1987 and 2003 to 2006,which were coeval with the water impoundment in the Gezhouba and Three Gorges dams,respectively.The high-resolution records of the carbon storage rates and fluxes in the SYSA and MZB reflect the synchronous responses to human activities and provide an important reference for assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of the marginal seas of China.

Biomarker evidence for paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea over the last 8200 years

Previous studies have indicated that the Yellow Sea underwent significant environmental changes during the Holocene, but many questions remain concerning the timing of the establishment of the modern circulation system, which would have major implications for the Yellow Sea ecosystem and carbon cycle. In this study, marine and terrestrial biomarkers were analyzed in Core YE-2 from a muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea to reconstruct Holocene environmental and phytoplankton community change. The content of three individual marine phytoplankton biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol and dinosterol) all display a similar trend, and their total contents during the early Holocene (362 ng/g) were lower than those during the mid-late Holocene (991 ng/g). On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C27+C29+C31n-alkanes) during the early Holocene (1 661 ng/g) were about three times higher than those during the mid-late Holocene (499 ng/g). Our biomarker results suggest that the modern circulation system of the Yellow Sea was established by 5-6 ka, and resulted in higher marine productivity and lower terrestrial organic matter inputs. Biomarker ratios were used to estimate shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to mid-Holocene (5-6 ka) environmental changes in the Yellow Sea, revealing a transition from a dinoflagellate-diatom dominant community structure during the early Holocene to a coccolithophore-dominant community structure during the mid-late Holocene.

Responses of Primary Productivity to Current and Climate Changes in the Mud Area to the Southwest of Cheju Island During the Past 800 Years

The biogenic silica (BSi) ,total organic carbon (TOC) ,total nitrogen (TN) and grain size were analyzed with a gravity core (3250-6) collected from the mud area in the north East China Sea.The average deposition rate of the upper core was about 0.078cm yr1based on the results of 210Pbex.The mean grain size increased with depth in general.The frequency distribution of grain size showed that two marked changes of deposition environment occurred at 30 cm and 50 cm depths (about 1550 AD and 1300 AD,respectively) .The variations of BSi and TOC indicated two distinct major periods of primary productivity over the past 800 years:a stage of low primary productivity corresponding to weak upwelling and low nutrient input below 30 cm depth (about 1200-1550 AD) ,and a stage of high primary productivity with strong currents and upwelling above 30 cm depth (about 1550-1950 AD) .The stage with high primary productive appeared to be due to the northward-expanded muddy area caused by strong Asian Winter Monsoon and enhanced Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter.In conclusion,the BSi and TOC in the muddy sediments,the symbols of marine primary productivity,can be then used to investigate the evolution history of currents and relative climate change in the offshore areas.

Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Potential in Northern Area of the South Yellow Sea

The northern area of the South Yellow Sea, located in the offshore region of China, resulted from the continental-continental collision orogeny during the Mesozoic and can be divided into four stages in terms of tectonic evolution： （1） pre-orogenic passive continental margin stage （Z-T2）; （2） foreland basin stage corresponding with the late phase of the Sulu （苏鲁） orogeny （J3-K）; （3） post-orogenic intracontinental rifted basin stage （K2t-E）; and （4） regional subsidence and coverage stage （N-Q）. Based on detailed investigation and study of the intracontinental rifted basin, hydrocar- bon source rocks of Late Cretaceous Taizhou （泰州） Formation distributed well in the basin, and four reservoir-cap combinations as well as numerous trap structures were found. As a result, the geological conditions would be excellent for reservoir formation in the basin, and the oil resource amount is estimated at about 20×10^8 t, which makes the basin a major target for hydrocarbon exploration in the South Yellow Sea.

南黄海SYS90-1A孔第四纪沉积物磁性地层学研究

可靠的年代地层框架是开展南黄海地区第四纪环境演变研究的基础。目前南黄海南部地区缺乏可靠年代学控制的长序列钻孔。通过对南黄海南部SYS90-1A孔(孔深90.1 m)沉积物开展详细的磁性地层学研究,并结合AMS14C测年结果及区域已有磁性地层学结果,建立南黄海南部地区第四纪沉积物年代地层框架。结果显示,SYS90-1A孔岩芯记录了从布容(Brunhes)正极性时至松山(Matuyama)负极性时上部,包括Kamikatsura和Santa Rosa地磁漂移事件。早、中更新世界线即布容正极性时与松山负极性时界线(B/M界线)深度位于74.2 m,Kamikatsura和Santa Rosa地磁漂移事件深度分别位于79.75~82.47 m和85.25~87.74 m。根据Kamikatsura和Santa Rosa地磁漂移事件的年代控制点和平均沉积速率,推算钻孔底部年龄为0.96 Ma。南黄海SYS90-1A孔早更新世晚期的沉积速率约为8.66 cm/ka,中更新世以来的沉积速率约为9.5 cm/ka,而全新世以来的沉积速率为12.8 cm/ka,沉积速率自早更新世晚期以来呈增加趋势。这一结果不仅为南黄海南部第四纪沉积物研究提供了有效的年代学约束,而且为南黄海地区第四纪地层划分和对比、沉积环境与气候变化、物源示踪等研究提供了重要的时间标尺。

铁磁性颗粒辅助微波加热分解南海神狐海域天然气水合物实验研究

南海北部陆坡神狐海域是中国天然气水合物首次试采区,90%以上的水合物储存在泥质粉砂地层中。为实现天然气水合物的高效开发,必须提高泥质粉砂中天然气水合物的平均产气速率和能量效率比。笔者以泥质粉砂作为水合物合成基底,对合成的甲烷水合物开展了微波加热分解实验,研究了加入不同种类铁磁性颗粒对甲烷水合物分解的影响规律。试验结果表明,在平均产气速率和能量效率比方面,加入铁钴合金粉末的实验组表现最佳,相较空白组提高22.66%。加入纳米钡铁氧体颗粒对反应前期分解效率具有显著促进作用,纳米颗粒的小粒径和大比表面积有助于其均匀分布,优化了润湿性和表面张力,降低了“贾敏效应”。经Avrami模型分析表明,铁磁性颗粒对微波分解水合物具有良好的促进作用,其中纳米钡铁氧体效果最显著。

全新世以来南黄海中部泥质区沉积物的源汇过程及其控制因素

南黄海中部泥质区沉积了大量来自邻近河流的陆源沉积物,是研究沉积物物源的良好区域,但其沉积物的输运过程和控制因素尚不明确。本文利用南黄海中部泥质区岩芯YSCW-1中沉积物的粒度和元素组成特征,查明自全新世以来研究区沉积物的源汇过程及其控制因素。基于^(14)C放射年龄,YSCW-1岩芯沉积物为9.3 ka以来的沉积,泥质沉积中心形成于约6.5 ka。粒度组成表明研究区沉积物主要由砂、粉砂和黏土组成。基于地球化学相关指标,研究区沉积物来源受到黄河和长江的影响。6.7 ka以前,黄河沉积物占据主导地位;6.7 ka之后长江对南黄海中部泥质区的贡献量增加,可能与黄海现代环流体系的形成有关,海洋锋面限制了黄河以及朝鲜河流沉积物向南黄海中部泥质区的输送。

南黄海中部泥质区悬浮体颗粒组成及沉降

联合使用扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDX)的技术手段,对2012年春季采集的南黄海中部泥质区的悬浮体样品进行悬浮体颗粒结构和组成的系统观察,揭示研究区悬浮体类型、特征及空间分布,并首次发现了高温燃烧颗粒。结果表明:研究区悬浮体颗粒类型多样,包括碎屑矿物、自生矿物、生物碎屑、高温燃烧颗粒等单颗粒类型,其中高温燃烧颗粒以硅质或者铁质规则球状颗粒出现;同时发现了有机包膜体、矿物质絮团、矿物-生物碎屑絮团、矿物-有机包膜絮团以及矿物-生物碎屑-有机包膜复合絮团等絮团类型颗粒。实测结果表明,悬浮体颗粒粒径范围为0~500μm,主体集中在0~20μm,平均粒径为7.84μm,不同类型悬浮体粒径差别显著,其级配符合对数正态分布。该区悬浮体颗粒在水体中以递变悬浮方式搬运,能较长时间保留在水体之中。

南黄海中部泥质区黏性土的微结构特征及其成因分析

通过对南黄海中部泥质区27张黏性土微结构图片的分析,发现该区黏性土具有粒状链接结构、絮状链接结构和黏土基质结构三种微结构类型,以黏土基质结构为主。分别从地形特征、物质来源、水动力条件、沉积速率等宏观因素,以及粒度成分、矿物组成、化学成分等微观因素分析微结构的成因,得知平坦的海底地形、较弱的水动力条件、较长的搬运距离使得研究区沉积物来源较少,沉积速率较低,沉积物颗粒以粉粒和黏粒为主。伊利石、绿泥石和蒙脱石等黏土矿物和有机质含量较高,这些物质成分的亲水性特征使得研究区的黏性土易吸水膨胀,微结构类型以孔隙非常发育,结构极为疏松的黏土基质结构为主。研究成果揭示了南黄海中部泥质区黏性土宏观工程性质的微观机理,加深了对海洋沉积物工程性状的认识。

南黄海北部泥质沉积区冰后期海侵沉积记录

南黄海北部泥质沉积区3个柱状样的沉积学研究表明,冰后期海侵沉积序列包括底部的粗粒沉积层即海侵滞留沉积(贝壳碎片层或富含贝壳碎片的砂质粉砂层)、中部正粒序沉积层(由砂质粉砂、砂 粉砂 黏土或黏土质粉砂组成,从下至上粒度递减)和上部细粒沉积层(平均粒径在8 左右、富含水分的粉砂质黏土层)。有孔虫和介形虫的深水种主要出现在细粒沉积层中,而有孔虫的广盐性滨岸种、浅水种和冷水种以及介形虫的陆相种、广盐性和半咸水种、浅水种等基本上只在正粒序沉积层中出现,且大都表现出从底向上数量递减的趋势。这说明正粒序沉积层形成于冰后期海平面上升时期,而细粒沉积层形成于全新世高海平面时期。南黄海北部细粒沉积物在全新世海泛面之上的稳定堆积,反映了全新世中期最大海泛面以来伴随着黄海暖流的出现在黄海海域现代环流格局的形成并维持至今。

中国海域油气资源潜力分析与黄东海海域油气资源调查进展

2019年是青岛海洋地质研究所重建40周年。40年来,研究所根据公益性油气资源调查的基本定位,按照"立足黄东海、面向中国海、辐射全球海"的空间业务布局,紧密围绕国家和社会重大需求、瞄准国际海洋科技前沿,以摸清中国海域油气资源家底、掌握资源分布状况、实现新区新层系油气突破、服务国家能源战略和海洋强国战略为己任,持续开展了中国海域油气资源区域评价与黄东海盆地油气资源调查,大体分为海域及邻区沉积盆地对比研究、中国海域区域评价战略研究和黄东海海域新区新层系油气资源调查3个阶段。先后主持编制了中国海域沉积盆地分布图和油气资源勘探开发(动态)形势图,开展了海域及邻区含油气盆地对比、中国海域油气勘探开发形势动态分析和油气资源区域评价战略研究、黄东海海域油气资源调查研究与评价,取得了一批原创性的成果。主要体现在:①海域油气资源早期评价技术和沉积盆地深部地震探测技术取得突破性进展;②中国海域油气资源丰富,下一步的调查与勘探方向包括:新层系、近海天然气、富生烃凹陷潜山油气藏、南海深水油气、南海生物礁和非常规天然气;③明确了南黄海盆地的基底性质、海相盆地地层层序和构造区划、侏罗纪前陆盆地特征、海相盆地的油气地质条件和有利区带;④明确了东海中生代盆地的地层层序、盆地结构和两期盆地性质、"大东海"中生代地层分布特征、中生界油气地质条件和有利区带;⑤发现了南黄海古生界古油藏。上述成果和认识为海洋油气资源调查与勘探的下一步工作奠定了坚实的基础。

南黄海西部地区浅层气成因

通过研究近年来获取的浅地层剖面发现,南黄海浅层气主要存在于南黄海东经123°以西的地区,为此进行了该区浅层气成因分析,以探索其来源。将根据南黄海西部地区逾6000km的浅地层剖面解释成果得到的南黄海西部地区浅层气分布概况,与该地区的有机质分布状况进行了对比分析,认为南黄海西部晚更新世末期的泥炭分布与浅层气分布具有较好的一致性,表明晚更新世末期的泥炭是该地区浅层气生成的重要物质基础。3个声学空白区的浅层气可能来自中深部地层。苏北浅滩西北部的大型塌陷坑可能由浅部断层活动引起的浅层气在该处多点喷发形成的塌陷坑复合而成,表明该处中深部地层中可能存在天然气。南黄海中部声学扰动区内浅层气不断自海底逸出,该处断层较多,中深部地层具备生气能力,推测该地区浅层气可能是深部油气泄露的气苗。

苏北沿海陆上潮成砂体沉积区的发现及其地质意义

根据钻孔资料，首次确定苏北沿海陆上砂质沉积区的范围．该砂质沉积区以东台为顶点，呈扇形向东散开，砂层厚的10～30m，东厚西薄，其中砂体的沉积结构和沉积构造显示，它们东潮流成因，在成因上与海域辐射砂洲相似，但处在不同的发育阶段．苏北沿海潮成砂质沉积区的发现对分析海域辐射砂洲的形成和演化过程提供了新的线索．

地震属性法在南黄海北部盆地勘探新区烃源岩厚度预测中的应用

新区、深层和深水等低勘探程度地区是今后油气勘探的重要方向,而烃源岩厚度预测则是沉积盆地勘探新区烃源岩评价的重要问题。以南黄海北部盆地勘探新区东北凹陷的烃源岩早期评价为背景,基于地震反射特征追踪东北凹陷内烃源岩的发育层位和空间展布研究成果,首次应用地震属性方法对东北凹陷的主力烃源岩(上白垩统泰州组和古新统阜宁组)厚度进行了初步预测,并结合地震速度岩性分析法对本区泰州组烃源岩厚度的预测结果加以验证。结果表明南黄海盆地东北凹陷泰州组烃源岩较阜宁组烃源岩分布广且厚度大,西次洼为东北凹陷主力生烃洼陷。地震属性法是沉积盆地勘探新区内定量化预测烃源岩厚度的一种行之有效的新方法,其对于类似盆地勘探早期的烃源岩评价研究也具有非常重要的借鉴意义。

南黄海中部泥质沉积成因和物源研究综述

当前南黄海沉积学研究的核心问题是泥质沉积的形成过程和动力机制及其物质来源。许多学者对南黄海中部泥区的成因和物源进行了大量研究,但比较局限,缺少系统性。现有研究认为南黄海泥质沉积的形成受黄海冷水团和上升流的影响,但黄海冷水团并不是其形成的必要条件。对泥区物源的研究,主要考虑现代黄河物质、老黄河物质以及长江物质对其的影响,并且仅是定性的研究。对于朝鲜半岛物质对南黄海中部泥区的影响,国内的研究更是寥寥无几。海水对海底基岩的侵蚀沉积以及黄海暖流对海底沉积物的改造和再悬浮作用对南黄海中部泥区沉积的贡献仅是个别学者的观点。

下扬子高家边组烃源岩展布及其对南黄海盆地的启示

为了探讨下扬子高家边组烃源岩展布及其对南黄海盆地的启示,开展了资料的收集整理、野外地质考察以及露头样品与邻近最新钻孔岩心样品对比。结果显示:高家边组烃源岩分布广,黄绿色的高家边组露头样品其未风化前的颜色很可能为黑色,其原始有机质丰度很可能较高;露头样品和岩心样品均显示,高家边组存在鲁丹阶的专属笔石,显示其具有较高的生烃潜力。结合下扬子区域构造演化和南黄海地震剖面解释认为,高家边组烃源岩分布广,潜力大,很可能是南黄海盆地一套较好的烃源岩。

下扬子海区南黄海盆地油气勘探的几点认识

南黄海盆地具有50年的油气勘探历史,但至今还是我国海域唯一尚未发现工业油流的大型含油气盆地。简要概述了南黄海盆地的油气勘探历程,以2005年为界,将其划分为前后两大勘探时期,代表南黄海盆地油气勘探由新生界向中—古生界转变的历程,共经历了自营勘探、对外合作勘探、国土资源大调查和全国油气资源战略选区调查评价4个阶段。通过地震地层、沉积地层、构造演化和资源潜力评价的分析,指出多期盆地叠置和复杂构造演化是其中的关键点和难点,具有重要的意义。

南黄海东部海域浮游生态系统要素季节变化的模拟研究

利用海洋生态系统动力学垂直一维物理-生物耦合模式模拟研究了南黄海东部海域浮游生态系统要素垂直分布的季节变化。物理亚模型为一维POM模式(Princeton Ocean Model),基于文献结果对垂直混合系数Kh和Km进行了调整;生态亚模型为ERSEM模式(Eu-ropean Regional Sea Ecosystem Model),主要考虑浮游植物、浮游动物、细菌、底栖碎屑和营养盐(氮、磷、硅)等状态变量。模拟结果表明,浮游植物出现一年双峰的态势和夏季次表层叶绿素最大值的现象,春、秋季水华期间,表层叶绿素峰值分别为3.25 mg/m3和0.71 mg/m3。浮游动物和细菌在春季水华后表层出现峰值,分别为143.6 mg C/m3和23.55 mg C/m3。硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐的垂直分布均在5-11月呈现表层浓度低、底层浓度高的分布。通过计算碳通量可以看出,在春、夏季,浮游植物对无机碳的摄取量分别为58.944 g C.m-2.quarter-1和68.276 g C.m-2.quarter-1,高于细菌对非生命有机碳的摄取。在冬季,细菌对非生命有机碳的摄取超过浮游植物对无机碳的摄取量。浮游动物在冬季主要摄食细菌,占71%;春、夏季主要摄食浮游植物,可达67.5%。浮游植物对碳的释放主要是以DOC的形式,约占90%。

南黄海地震区的地震活动性研究

北纬３１°—３５°、东经１１９°—１２５°范围内的南黄海地震区，中强地震活动频繁，这主要是由一组北北东向和北西—北西西向共轭走滑活动断层及张性铲形活动断层引起的，该区内的中强震活动具有准周期性，震中呈东移趋势，区内地震在原地或同一构造部位重复发生的概率比较高，且空间分布是不均匀的，其中，海域地震强度明显高于陆域地震，在第Ⅲ、Ⅳ地震活跃期内，中强震主要发生在北纬３３°±１°、东经１２１°±１°所在的南黄海海域的南部盆地，本区第Ⅳ活跃期内中强地震的活动水平与近期内中小地震的活动水平相当，同时，海域地震还具有成丛性及５７ 年、６ 年的节律。