Dynamic performance of cable-stayed bridge tower with multi-stage pendulum mass damper under wind excitations—Ⅱ: Experiment

The possibility of using a multi-stage pendulum mass damper （MSPMD） to control wind-induced vibration of a single column tower of a cable-stayed bridge during construction was studied theoretically in part I of this work. In this paper, the performance of the MSPMD for reducing bridge tower vibration is studied experimentally. A MSPMD model and a tower model of the bridge with geometry scaling of 1：100 were designed and manufactured. Calibration of the MSPMD model with different wire lengths is conducted to verify the analytical model of the damper. A series of tests for the uncontrolled freestanding tower, tower with cables, and tower with MSPMD model are then performed under harmonic and white noise excitations. The experimental results show that the responses of the tower model significantly decrease with the installation of the MSPMD model, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the M SPMD to mitigate the vibration of the bridge tower.

Dynamic performance of cable-stayed bridge tower with multi-stage pendulum mass damper under wind excitations——I:Theory

In this paper, wind-induced vibration control of a single column tower of a cable-stayed bridge with a multi- stage pendulum mass damper （MSPMD） is investigated. Special attention is given to overcoming space limitations for installing the control device in the tower and the effect of varying natural frequency of the towers during construction. First, the finite element model of the bridge during its construction and the basic equation of motion of the MSPMD are introduced. The equation of motion of the bridge with the MSPMD under along-wind excitation is then established. Finally, a numerical simulation and parametric study are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the control system for reducing the wind-induced vibration of the bridge towers during construction. The numerical simulation results show that the MSPMD is practical and effective for reducing the along-wind response of the single column tower, can be installed in a small area of the tower, and complies with the time-variant characteristics of the bridge during its entire construction stage.

Multi-features Based Approach for Moving Shadow Detection

In the video-based surveillance application, moving shadows can affect the correct localization and detection of moving objects. This paper aims to present a method for shadow detection and suppression used for moving visual object detection. The major novelty of the shadow suppression is the integration of several features including photometric invariant color feature, motion edge feature, and spatial feature etc. By modifying process for false shadow detected, the averaging detection rate of moving object reaches above 90% in the test of Hall-Monitor sequence.

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

A Comparative Study of Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Multi -site Cardiac Pacing in patients with cardiac function NYHA class ⅠtoⅡ without bundle branch block

Objective To compare the acute hemodynamic effects of five different pacing modes in patients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ without bundle branch block (BBB). Methods This study included 12 patients (SSS 7, Ⅲ°AVB 5) undergoing pacemaker implantation. Right ventricular apex (RVA), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), right ventricular bifocal (RV-Bi), left ventricular base (LVB) and bi -ventricular (Bi-Ⅴ) pacing at 60 -80 ppm were done in VVI mode prior to implantation of DDD pacemaker. The cardiac index (CI), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were measured with Swan - Ganz thermodilution catheter after 5 minutes of each pacing mode. Results (1) Comparing to pacing at RVA (CI: 2. 41± 0. 38 L/min per m2, PCWP: 16. 7 ±3.3 mmHg), the CI increased and the PCWP decreased significantly in pacing at RVOT(CI: 2. 63 ± 0.46, PCWP: 13. 8±2. 3), LVB(CI: 2. 78±0.52, PCWP: 14. 4±3.1), RV-Bi(CI: 2. 83±0.57, PCWP: 12. 8± 2. 5) and Bi -Ⅴ pacing (CI: 2. 94± 0.60, PCWP: 12. 7±2. 5), P < 0. 01, respectively. (2) The CI of RV-Bi and Bi-Ⅴ pacing was higher than that of RVOT and LVB pacing, the PCWP was lower, P < 0. 05, respectively. (3) There was no significant difference between RV - Bi pacing and Bi-Ⅴ pacing in CI and PCWP. Conclusion There is no significant difference between RV - Bi pacing and Bi -V pacing in the acute hemodynamic effects; however,dual - site pacing is much better than single site pacing in that aspect for patients with cardiac function NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ without BBB. Among single site pacing, the RVOT and LVB pacing is better than RVA pacing in cardiac function.

A Monitoring Method for Transmission Tower Foots Displacement Based on Wind-Induced Vibration Response

The displacement of transmission tower feet can seriously affect the safe operation of the tower,and the accuracy of structural health monitoring methods is limited at the present stage.The application of deep learning method provides new ideas for structural health monitoring of towers,but the current amount of tower vibration fault data is restricted to provide adequate training data for Deep Learning(DL).In this paper,we propose a DT-DL based tower foot displacement monitoring method,which firstly simulates the wind-induced vibration response data of the tower under each fault condition by finite element method.Then the vibration signal visualization and Data Transfer(DT)are used to add tower fault data samples to solve the problem of insufficient actual data quantity.Subsequently,the dynamic response test is carried out under different tower fault states,and the tower fault monitoring is carried out by the DL method.Finally,the proposed method is compared with the traditional online monitoring method,and it is found that this method can significantly improve the rate of convergence and recognition accuracy in the recognition process.The results show that the method can effectively identify the tower foot displacement state,which can greatly reduce the accidents that occurred due to the tower foot displacement.

Research on A Master - slave Multi - microcomputers Control System for Hollow Spindle Fancy Yarn Spinning Machine

In this paper, a successfully studied and developed master - slave muld - microcomputers control system based on PC - BUS for hollow spindle fancy yarn spinning machine, mainly Its overall scheme, software and hardware construction, is introduced. Spinning experiments show that the system achieves satisfactory result. This system can solve the diftkultles of mechatronical fusion between domestic hollow splndk fancy yarn spuming muchine and its microcomputer control technology.

On the Representation of Multi-layer Woven Structure

A quantitative method is developed to identify the structures of multi-layer woven fabric in this study. Six structural parameters are selected to represent the fabric structure. With some design criteria for the reinforcement of textile composites, the relationships among the structural parameters are derived for different binding patterns of the fabric structure. The conditions, which meet the requirements of structural cell stability,are also discussed.

Computer-aided Pattern Design of Multi-bar Warp Knitted Fabrics

To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.

MODS： A Novel Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping for the Multi-Objective Optimization of Combinatorials Problems

This paper states a new metaheuristic based on Deterministic Finite Automata （DFA） for the multi - objective optimization of combinatorial problems. First, a new DFA named Multi - Objective Deterministic Finite Automata （MDFA） is defined. MDFA allows the representation of the feasible solutions space of combinatorial problems. Second, it is defined and implemented a metaheuritic based on MDFA theory. It is named Metaheuristic of Deterministic Swapping （MODS）. MODS is a local search strategy that works using a MDFA. Due to this, MODS never take into account unfeasible solutions. Hence, it is not necessary to verify the problem constraints for a new solution found. Lastly, MODS is tested using well know instances of the Bi-Objective Traveling Salesman Problem （TSP） from TSPLIB. Its results were compared with eight Ant Colony inspired algorithms and two Genetic algorithms taken from the specialized literature. The comparison was made using metrics such as Spacing, Generational Distance, Inverse Generational Distance and No-Dominated Generation Vectors. In every case, the MODS results on the metrics were always better and in some of those cases, the superiority was 100%.

超-特高压多回路杆塔结构可靠性分析

应用可靠性理论,对可变荷载效应与永久荷载效应的比值对我国超-特高压多回路杆塔结构可靠性的影响进行了探讨,选取一基1 000 kV交流双回和500 kV交流双回同塔4回路架设杆塔SSZT2塔身变坡处一轴心受压构件为研究对象,用一次二阶矩法计算对应不同结构重要性系数时的构件可靠指标,得到了结构重要性系数对杆塔结构构件可靠性的影响规律,并对杆塔在选用不同结构重要性系数时的经济性进行了分析,给出了塔材用量估算方法,供结构设计及分析人员参考。

“多塔”3D-SIC的量子粒子群测试调度方法

针对"多塔"结构的3D堆叠集成电路(3D-SIC)测试耗时很长的问题,提出一种基于量子粒子群优化的测试调度方法,以缩短测试时间.首先,构造初始粒子群用以表示初始可行解,产生具有量子行为的新粒子,并更新粒子群;然后进行粒子群的迭代进化以获取全局最优解.最小化"终堆"测试时间和集成过程总测试的调度结果均表明,该方法可显著地缩短测试时间;当复杂晶片集成在3D-SIC底层时,"终堆"测试时间较短,而集成过程的总测试时间较长.

输电塔-线体系舞动仿真及控制研究

舞动是输电线高频低幅的自激振动,基于ANSYS建立了输电塔-导地线-绝缘串的塔线耦合体系非线性有限元模型,提出了采用重启动技术进行覆冰导线的水平、竖向、扭转三方向舞动分析,并通过经典算例验证了此新方法的可行性;进行不同风速工况下输电塔-线耦合体系的舞动仿真,得到了体系舞动振幅和输电塔动力响应。同时针对典型工况,进行了相间间隔棒及多点压重防舞措施的舞动控制分析,并对不同布置方案的舞动控制效果进行了比较,确定了有效舞动控制方案。

多塔斜拉-悬吊协作桥活载效应近似计算方法

根据斜拉-悬吊协作桥的受力特点,建立结构简化计算模型.基于悬索桥重力刚度理论,推导多塔斜拉-悬吊协作桥的悬吊部分在活载作用下的竖向位移表达式.针对多塔斜拉-悬吊协作桥的关键力学问题,应用推导出的竖向位移表达式,给出主梁最大活载挠度、塔顶纵向位移、主缆恒活载轴力和中塔主缆抗滑移系数等关键力学参数的估算公式.建立主跨为600,1 080和1 400m的三塔斜拉-悬吊协作桥和主跨为1 400m的二至六塔斜拉-悬吊协作桥有限元模型,较全面地验证所推导的公式.结果表明:对于三塔斜拉-悬吊协作桥,关键力学参数的最大误差为15%左右;对于四塔及以上斜拉-悬吊协作桥,关键力学参数的最大误差为20%左右.

空间变化地震动下输电塔-线体系振动控制研究

在考虑输电线的几何非线性基础上,建立了输电塔-线体系的三维有限元计算模型。依据现行《电力设施抗震设计规范》,模拟生成了适合输电塔-线体系的多点地震动时程。利用质量、弹簧单元和阻尼单元模拟了调谐质量阻尼器,并对控制参数进行了优化。运用非线性时程分析方法,研究了多点地震激励对高压输电塔-线体系振动控制的影响。研究结果表明调谐质量阻尼器的减震效果显著,能够有效地减小输电塔的地震响应;仅考虑行波效应和多点激励对输电塔的减震效果影响较小,并且多点激励对输电塔的减震效果优于一致激励,但仅考虑相干效应减弱了输电塔的减震效果。

多塔斜拉桥在主震-余震序列波下地震位移研究

桥梁等结构在遭受地震时,总是会历经前震、主震与余震等一系列地震波动。余震的存在可能会使结构的地震需求超过主震时期,可以说余震对于结构安全有着不可忽略的影响。建立有限元模型,对常规摩擦支座的减隔振体系桥梁结构输入主震-余震序列波,得到墩梁相对位移时程,通过对比分析结构在主震作用下、在余震单独作用下以及在主震-余震序列波作用下支座位移之间的差别,来研究强余震对结构位移峰值以及残余位移的影响。分析研究表明:强余震在很大程度上影响了结构的位移峰值以及残余位移,在抗震设计中余震的作用是不可忽视的,在地震波输入时,应当考虑主震余震序列波。

旋转伞-末敏子弹系统动力学建模与仿真

为提高末敏子弹稳态扫描段的整体性能,设计一种由旋转伞和圆形减速伞构成的组合伞系统。基于ADAMS软件,对2种旋转伞-末敏子弹系统进行多体动力学建模,计算零初速自由下落过程,并通过伞塔试验验证模型的正确性。模拟2种系统的稳态扫描过程,得到弹道特性并进行对比分析。结果表明:双伞-子弹系统具有更好的整体运动性能,稳态落速低,滞空时间长,在地面形成更密集的扫描轨迹。

高压大跨越输电塔-线体系动力特性计算分析

高压大跨越输电塔-线体系动力特性的评估是进行结构抗风抗震设计的重要环节。由于高压大跨越输电塔线之间的耦合效应,准确评估输电塔-线体系的动力特性具有相当大的难度。基于多质点模型,建立高压大跨越输电导线、输电塔以及输电塔-线体系的动力特性计算方法。该方法不仅可以计算高压大跨越输电塔线体系在平面和出平面各阶振型频率,同时也可以计算结构扭转向各阶振型频率。最后,通过分析高压大跨越输电塔在挂线和不挂线时的各阶振型频率,讨论高压大跨越输电塔-线耦合振动对输电塔动力特性的影响。分析结果表明:采用多质点模型计算得到的输电导线的各阶振型频率与连续化模型得到的结果相当,这表明该方法的准确性,而且导线对输电塔线体系动力特性的影响不可忽视。

多塔斜拉-悬吊协作体桥力学性能探讨

采用有限元方法,应用分析软件ANSYS,建立3至6塔主跨跨径为1 400 m的多塔斜拉-悬吊协作桥(简称多塔协作桥)有限元计算模型,研究了索塔数对多塔协作桥静力特性、动力特性和静力稳定性的影响特点,探讨了其对多塔协作桥活载挠度、塔顶纵向位移及主缆抗滑移性能等关键力学问题的影响特征.分析结果表明:索塔数由3塔增至6塔时,塔根弯矩最大增大50%,主梁弯矩最大增大33%,主缆抗滑移系数最大减小36%,中间塔顶位移减小2%,一阶弹性稳定系数最大下降8.3%,颤振稳定性指数最大增加9.2%;主梁边跨竖向挠度比中间跨小36%左右,且中间跨挠度相近;索塔数对索塔受力影响显著.

考虑土-结构相互作用的风力发电高塔系统地震动力响应分析

研究考虑土-结构相互作用(Soil-structure interaction,SSI)的风力发电高塔系统地震动力响应分析问题。建立风力发电高塔系统"桨叶-机舱-塔体-基础"一体化的多体系统动力学有限元模型。基于多体系统动力学基本原理,风力发电高塔系统被离散为一系列连续的超级单元,而风力发电高塔系统土-结构相互作用则可通过在基础和土体交界面上设置弹簧和阻尼器来实现。在多体系统动力学方法中,可根据材料力学确定难于确定的超级单元参数和依据Lagrange法推导多体动力学控制运动方程。为了研究风力发电高塔系统的动力特性,基于欧洲规范(Eurocode8)对风力发电高塔系统进行了地震作用动力时程分析。研究表明,考虑SSI效应与否对结果影响较大。一般来说,考虑SSI效应会增加塔体基础与地基连接的柔度。同时,SSI效应在不同自由振动中所起的作用不一样,它对弯曲振动尤其是高阶弯曲振动的影响比较大。因此,在对风力发电高塔系统进行地震动力响应分析时,应该考虑SSI效应。