Finite Element Modeling of a Fluid Filled Cylindrical Shell with Active Constrained Layer Damping

On the basis of the piezoelectric theory, Mindlin plate theory, viscoelastic theory and ideal fluid equation, the finite element modeling of a fluid-filled cylindrical shell with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) was discussed. Energy methods and Lagrange’s equation were used to obtain dynamic equations of the cylindrical shell with ACLD treatments, which was modeled as well with the finite element method. The GHM (Golla-Hughes-McTavish) method was applied to model the frequency dependent damping of viscoelastic material. Ideal and incompressible fluid was considered to establish the dynamic equations of the fluid-filled cylindrical shell with ACLD treatments, Numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis were compared with those from an experiment. The comparison shows that the proposed modeling method is accurate and reliable.

Study on Properties of Ti(C,N)/TiN Multi-Element-layer Films Plus Nanometer Lubrication Dry Films

Ti(C,N)/TiN multi-element-layer films was deposited on aluminium alloy substrates by using multi-arc ion plating. The microhardness of the films was 2000HV0.i which was nearly 21 times of that of the substrates. XRD analysis show that the main composition of the composite films system were Ti(C,N), TiN, Al3Ti, Al and a little Ti2N. The presence of MjTi new phase in the interface of the films/substrates indicated some metallurgical bonding between them, which implies higher adhesive strength of the films/substrates system. Pin-on-disc tests showed that the wear resistance of the substrates was improved substantially. However, the coefficient of friction of the films/substrate system was high (u=0.66), which resulted in the wear of the counterparts. To reduce the coefficient of friction, nanometer lubrication dry films was applied on top of the multi-element-layer films to form composite films system and subsequent wear tests showed that the resulting composite films led to reduction of the coefficient of friction from 0.66 to 0.16. Meanwhile, wear mass loss of the counterpart was reduced from 1.29 mg to 0.02 mg, so that increased wear resistance and reduced friction effects were achieved.

Comparison of perfectly matched layer and multi-transmitting formula artificial boundary condition based on hybrid finite element formulation

The theory of perfectly matched layer （PML） artificial boundary condition （ABC）, which is characterized by absorption any wave motions with arbitrary frequency and arbitrarily incident angle, is introduced. The construction process of PML boundary based on elastodynamic partial differential equation （PDE） system is developed. Combining with velocity-stress hybrid finite element formulation, the applicability of PML boundary is investigated and the numerical reflection of PML boundary is estimated. The reflectivity of PML and multi-transmitting formula （MTF） boundary is then compared based on body wave and surface wave simulations. The results show that although PML boundary yields some reflection, its absorption performance is superior to MTF boundary in the numerical simulations of near-fault wave propagation, especially in comer and large angle grazing incidence situations. The PML boundary does not arise any unstable phenomenon and the stability of PML boundary is better than MTF boundary in hybrid finite element method. For a specified problem and analysis tolerance, the computational efficiency of PML boundary is only a little lower than MTF boundary.

Bi-stable states of initially stressed elastic cylindrical shell structures with two piezoelectric surface layers

A theoretical model is proposed in this paper to predict the bi-stable states of initially stressed cylindrical shell structures attached by surface anisotropic piezoelectric layers.The condition for existence of bi-stability of the shell structural system is presented and analytical expressions for corresponding rolled-up radii of the stable shell are given based on the principle of minimum strain energy.The resulting solution indicates that the shell system may have two stable configurations besides its initial state under a combined action of the actuating electric field and initial stresses characterized by the bending moment.If the piezoelectric layer materials act as only sensor materials without the actuating electric field,initial stresses may produce the bi-stable states,but one corresponding to its initial state.For the shell without initial stresses,the magnitude in the actuating electric field determines the number of the stable states,one or two stable configurations besides the initial state.The theoretical prediction for the bi-stable states is verified by finite element method（FEM） simulation by using the ABAQUS code.

A Reverse Numerical Approach to Determine Elastic-plastic Properties of Multi-layer Material Systems with Flat Cylindrical Indenters

In the present study, the indentation testing with a flat cylindrical indenter on typical multi-layer material systems was simulated successfully by finite element method. The emphasis was put on the methods of extracting the yield stresses and strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers of three-layer material systems from the indentation testing. The slope of the indentation depth to the applied indentation stress curve was found to have a turning point, which can be used to determine the yield stress of the upper-layer. Then, a different method was also presented to determine the yield stress of the middle-layer. This method was based on a set of assumed applied indentation stresses which were to be intersected by the experimental results in order to meet the requirement of having the experimental indentation depth. At last, a reverse numerical algorithm was explored to determine the yield stresses of upper and middle-layers simultaneously by using the indentation testing with two different size indenters. This method assumed two ranges of yield stresses to simulate the indentation behavior. The experimental depth behavior was used to intersect the simulated indentation behavior. And the intersection corresponded to the values of yield stresses of upper and middle-layers. This method was also used further to determine the strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers simultaneously.

Reinforcement by polyurethane to stiffness of air-supported fabric formwork for concrete shell construction

By spraying concrete on inner surface,air-supported fabric structures can be used as formwork to construct reinforced concrete shell structures.The fabric formwork has the finished form of concrete structure.Large deviation from the desired shape of concrete shells still remains as central problem due to dead weight of concrete and less stiffness of fabric formwork.Polyurethane can be used not only as a bonding layer between fabrics and concrete but also as an additional stiffening layer.However,there is little research on mechanical behaviors of the polyurethane shell structure.This paper presents experimental studies on an inflated fabric model with and without polyurethane,including relief pressure tests,vertical loading tests and horizontal loading tests.Experimental results show that the additional polyurethane layer can significantly enhance the stiffness of the fabric formwork.Compared with the experiment,a numerical model using shell layered finite elements has a good prediction.The reinforcement by polyurethane to improve stiffness of air-supported fabric formwork is expected to be considered in the design and construction of the concrete shell,especially dealing with the advance of shape-control.

异形单层网壳结构的整体稳定性研究及关键节点分析

单层网壳结构属于缺陷敏感结构,整体稳定问题是结构设计的关键.单层网壳结构可以采用空间相贯节点,有必要对节点进行三维实体有限元分析,在此基础上研究节点的力学性能.本文总结了单层网壳结构整体稳定分析的方法,归纳了空间相贯节点三维实体有限元分析方法;针对异形单层网壳结构,研究了结构的静力性能、结构网格与建筑形状对结构承载能力的影响,确定了结构的弹性稳定承载力和弹塑性稳定承载力;对空间相贯节点进行了有限元分析,得到节点处应力的分布情况,并研究了节点隐蔽部位有无焊缝对节点力学性能的影响.结果表明:异形单层网壳的曲率变化和结构网格对关键部位处杆件受力影响较大;稳定承载力对单层网壳结构起控制作用,对此异形单层网壳进行弹塑性稳定分析,结构安全系数达到24;隐蔽部位焊缝对节点承载力的影响较大,设置隐蔽部位焊缝后,节点处各杆件的最大应力可减小20%以上.

二维层状盆地地震动附加放大特征研究:SV波入射

发展了一种基于谱元法和多次透射边界的平面SV波入射下二维复杂场地波动数值模拟方法。基于该方法,模拟分析了31条地震波输入下二维典型层状沉积盆地中的各场点相比其对应的一维土层模型的模拟地震动的附加放大特征,分析了放大系数对于输入地震波的敏感性。结果表明,该方法具有较高精度和良好的高频稳定性。不同地震波输入下,盆地地面运动及其放大特征存在较大差别。水平分量上平均反应谱放大系数的较大值(最大1.2左右)集中在盆地边缘区域及周期等于0.5倍~0.7倍自振周期附近,垂直分量上较大放大系数(最大0.9左右)紧邻盆地角点且周期为0.3倍自振周期处。同时,盆地对不同周期地震动的放大特征,以及不同位置点的谱放大系数随周期的变化规律均表现出明显不同,相对短周期地震动的盆地边缘效应最为强烈,而相对长周期地震动的放大作用明显减弱。此外,盆地边缘区域的放大系数对输入波最为敏感,不同地震波输入下放大系数值在较大范围内变化;而盆地中间区域的放大系数对输入波不敏感,其值的变化范围相对较小。

基于杆系离散元理论考虑构件断裂的单层网壳结构倒塌破坏模拟研究

塑性铰模型计算效率高,可快速获得结构宏观破坏模式,韧性断裂损伤模型从微观机制揭示钢材的断裂机理,可较准确预测钢材的断裂行为。为此,该文基于杆系离散元理论,将两者联合建立构件断裂模拟算法,既具有计算效率高的优势又保证构件断裂模拟的精度。首先介绍杆系离散元法的基本理论,以及宏观塑性铰模型和微观韧性断裂损伤模型具体计算流程;然后给出将两者联合分析的具体实施策略,即以接触截面边缘最不利点处的应力作为整个截面的应力状态,进而调用韧性断裂损伤模型。最后采用Fortran语言编制相应的分析程序,并通过悬臂梁断裂算例和单层网壳振动台倒塌试验,验证该算法对模拟杆件断裂行为的可行性和有效性。杆系离散元法模拟构件断裂时,截面发生开裂,颗粒间发生脱离是一个自然的过程,无需其他任何修正即可实现结构由连续体状态向断裂后非连续体状态过渡,与有限元方法相比,不存在网格畸变重划分、迭代不收敛的问题,更具计算优势,为大跨空间网壳结构倒塌破坏分析提供新的计算手段。

四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)壳色分布及贝壳金属元素含量特征分析

为了探究四角蛤蜊贝壳中颜色分布以及金属元素含量特征,本试验以天津大港和东疆港地区四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)紫色和白色壳色群体为研究对象,采用体视显微镜观察法、原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)测定法,比较分析不同壳色贝壳着色分布特点,以及2个地区紫色、白色壳色四角蛤蜊的棱柱层、珍珠层的金属元素含量组成,全面了解不同壳色群体之间金属元素含量的异同点。结果表明:四角蛤蜊紫壳群体的壳内侧比壳外侧显示出更深的紫色,紫色色素主要分布于贝壳棱柱层与角质层、棱柱层与珍珠层的交界处;Na元素和K元素在大港地区的2个壳层中,紫色群体含量均显著高于白色群体,Mg元素在2个地区2个壳层中,紫壳含量均显著高于白壳。综上,四角蛤蜊贝壳中颜色分布在壳层交界处,Mg元素可能与四角蛤蜊的紫壳形成有关。

基于多尺度有限元建模技术的GJ-III型扣件轨道动力特性分析

GJ-III型扣件轨道作为地铁线路一种中等减振轨道,服役后出现钢轨短波长波磨,导致高频轮轨振动噪声问题。为探明该轨道的动力特性,利用ABAQUS软件建立减振扣件轨道的三维有限元模型。为减小有限长轨道边界反射波影响并同时保证计算效率,采用多尺度建模技术将轨道简化为梁-壳-实体模型。利用该模型探究了轮轨耦合作用下的轨道垂向动力特性,分析了扣件垂向刚度和阻尼对轨道垂向频响特性的影响。结果表明:(1)将50.0 m实体轨道模型简化为12.5 m实体和37.5 m梁-壳模型,可节约65.3%的计算时间,同时仿真与现场测试结果基本一致。(2)钢轨垂向一阶弯曲和pinned-pinned共振模态在轨道垂向位移导纳上表征明显,其频带分别为100~150 Hz和1022~1101 Hz。(3)减振扣件轨道在100 Hz以下振动响应表现为钢轨和道床板的整体弯曲和扭转振动;车辆静载集中力引起的钢轨预应力会诱发400~800 Hz轮对间轨道垂向频响峰值。(4)考虑柔性轮对作用后,轨道垂向位移导纳在分别在43 Hz、381 Hz和641 Hz处出现新的明显峰值,分别对应于轮轨耦合的P2共振模态、轮对间钢轨垂向二、三阶弯曲模态。柔性车轮在180 Hz、341 Hz和504 Hz处的振动模态也会引起钢轨垂向导纳出现新峰值。轮对质量效应对减振扣件轨道50~250 Hz内垂向振动有抑制作用,钢轨不易萌生该频段波磨。(5)钢轨垂向一阶弯曲、P2共振和轮对间钢轨垂向弯曲频率均随扣件垂向刚度增加而增加,扣件垂向阻尼仅对轨道导纳波动幅值有抑制作用。

基于分层壳单元的楼板面内受力性能研究

为研究楼板在地震作用下的受力性能,采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS分层壳单元对剪力墙试验结果进行模拟对比,确定所采用混凝土与钢材本构以及计算参数的可靠性。针对典型混凝土楼板在复杂受力状态下的受力性能进行有限元分析,考察简化计算方法对评估楼板面内拉、压、剪承载力的适用性。分析结果表明,采用简化方法确定混凝土楼板在设防烈度下的承载力时,与有限元计算结果较为一致。根据工程中混凝土楼板在地震作用下的损伤判别标准,提出楼板抗震性能加强措施。

基于直接多层有限元模拟的二维压电材料的力电性能研究

该文采用直接多层有限元模拟(Direct multi-layer finite element,Direct FE^(2))方法,模拟非均质材料的力-电耦合问题。该方法突破了传统并发多尺度分析方法必须依赖控制脚本进行宏-微观跨尺度信息传递的固有框架。首先,通过有限元的控制方程和并发多尺度分析所需的Hill-Mandel均质化条件,推导出可直接实现宏观与微观信息实时传递的多节点约束方程。其次,将并发多尺度分析所需的宏观结构模型和代表体积单元模型合并为一个有限元模型,避免了在两个尺度之间的重复数据传输。最后,通过算例验证该文算法的正确性和有效性。

安徽大学学生活动中心结构加固改造设计

某加固改造工程原始设计资料缺失严重。综合考虑多重因素,采取保留外围护砌体墙+内部结构拆除重建的方案。在既有建筑拆除和内部新建结构施工的全过程,对保留围护墙体实施变形监测,若发生异常及时采取措施进行干预,避免安全事故的发生。

山区铁路隧道工程质量关键风险要素识别——基于勘察、设计与施工一体化视角

山区铁路隧道工程质量关键风险要素不易清晰识别,因而难以尽早预防。为解决此问题,依据相关规范从地质、自然和技术三个方面梳理风险要素,基于勘察、设计与施工的工作流程建立风险要素多层网络结构框架,结合专家经验和蒙特卡洛模拟确定网络节点风险值和连边权重,构建风险要素多层网络关系模型,随后引入复杂网络理论,通过中心性指标获取风险要素节点重要度,利用灰色关联分析获取节点综合重要度,并采取节点移除策略识别山区铁路隧道工程质量关键风险要素。最后依托某山区铁路隧道工程进行实例验证,识别出节点综合重要度前30%的节点是该山区铁路隧道工程质量风险中的关键要素,为山区铁路隧道工程质量风险的预防和管理工作提供决策支持。

FH28-105型环形防喷器壳体力学性能分析与结构优化

以FH28-105型环形防喷器壳体为研究对象,结合其不同工况下的不同载荷特点,采用理论计算与有限元方法相结合,得到了壳体在静水试验压力和额定工作压力下的力学行为特性和应力情况,获得其危险部位,并对其进行强度设计评价。通过多目标优化,以减重为目标,同时兼顾壳体的强度以及校核标准,对环形防喷器壳体的结构尺寸进行优化。结果表明:初步设计的环形防喷器壳体强度满足要求,危险部位出现在壳体卡爪槽的圆弧倒角位置处以及壳体内腔下方的倒角过度处;环形防喷器最终优化方案满足强度要求,相比于原结构尺寸,质量和塑性应变的优化幅度最大,分别为19.7%、15.6%,其他目标均获得了不同程度的下降,实现了在保证壳体强度标准的条件下对壳体进行减重优化。

基于脉冲涡流的多层金属铆接结构孔周裂纹缺陷检测仿真

脉冲涡流(PEC)检测技术由于其深层缺陷检测能力和高灵敏度等优点,被应用于多层铆接结构内部缺陷的检测中。为了研究PEC矩形传感器的尺寸参数对多层铆接结构孔周裂纹缺陷检测性能的影响,采用有限元仿真软件COMSOL构建PEC矩形传感器的三维仿真模型,根据PEC在多层铆接结构中的分布规律,通过数值仿真研究探头结构参数以及中心轴偏移量对检测效果的影响。仿真测试结果表明:矩形探头长宽高尺寸比例在1:1.25:1.25时检测灵敏度最高,适宜多层铆接结构的孔周裂纹检测。同时发现,为了保证足够的检测灵敏度,在垂直裂纹缺陷的方向上,偏移量应小于1 mm,在与缺陷平行且重合的方向上,偏移量应小于0.2 mm。该研究结果为多层金属铆接结构孔周裂纹检测传感器尺寸参数设计提供依据。

纳米多层各向同性弹性球壳的轴对称自由振动

经典连续体力学理论不再适用于具有尺度效应的微纳结构问题求解。运用状态空间方法和非局域弹性理论,建立考虑非局域效应的纳米多层球壳模型,求解了纳米多层球壳的轴对称自由振动问题。分别以不同半径的银、金纳米粒子为例进行计算并与低频拉曼散射实验值进行比较。研究结果表明:取纳米粒子的半径为材料的内特征尺度,各粒子结构自由振动频率的计算值与实验值基本相符。上述力学模型有望应用于超声作用下纳米靶向超声造影剂振动分析或其他纳米多层壳结构振动分析等。

微系统封装陶瓷外壳结构可靠性设计研究

由于微系统的集成芯片多、密度大且可靠性要求高,因此大部分微系统采用封装密度高、电热性能好且气密性好的陶瓷封装,封装管壳和基板为一体化设计,大大节省了布局空间。陶瓷外壳作为微系统的载体,其结构可靠性对微系统的性能起至关重要的作用,因此基于高密度多层共烧陶瓷技术体系,采用有限元分析软件,对微系统外壳的结构可靠性进行了系统仿真研究,形成了适用于微系统封装的大尺寸、高可靠外壳的结构设计规则。采用该规则设计的微系统具有高可靠、高密度、高性能、低功耗和设计周期短等优势。

基于MLP-Bagging的PCB电热耦合建模方法

随着三维集成电路性能的提高和复杂程度的增加,印制电路板(PCB)的散热问题日益突出。研究了PCB在电热多物理场相互作用下各部件的发热情况,提出了基于混合激活函数的多层感知机(MLP)-Bagging多物理参数算法。通过使用ReLU和Sigmoid两个激活函数进行学习和训练,建立了精度更高的MLP模型。之后,结合Bagging算法构建多个并行的MLP模型。所提出的神经网络多物理模型可以快速准确地预测PCB的电热响应。实验结果表明,此方法与有限元法相比,可以节省约97%的计算内存和99%的计算时间,与传统神经网络如随机森林(RF)、长短时记忆(LSTM)网络、MLP相比,该方法表现优良且泛化能力较好,为提高PCB设计效率提供了一种可行方法,为PCB热分析提供了更高效的解决方法。