Three-dimensional physical simulation and optimization of water injection of a multi-well fractured-vuggy unit

With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

Ontology-Based Semantic Multi-agent Framework for Micro-grids with Cyber Physical Concept

The distributed hierarchical control based on multi-agent system(MAS) is the main control method of micro-grids.By allowing more flexible interactions between computing components and their physical environments,cyber physical system(CPS) presents a new approach for the distributed hierarchical engineering system,with micro-grids included.The object of this paper is to integrate the CPS concept with MAS technology and propose a new control framework for micro-grids.With the analysis of the operating mode and control method of micro-grids,the cyber physical control concepts of ontologybased semantic agent are discussed.Then an MAS-based architecture of cyber physical micro-grid system and an intelligent electronic device(IED) function structure are proposed.Finally,in order to operate and test the cyber physical micro-grid concept,an integrated simulation model is presented.

Solving Strategy for Repetitious Simulation of Multi-domain Physical System Based on Modelica

Repetitious simulation after modifying parameters of multi-domain physical system based on Modelica often appears in model experiment and optimization design. At present, the solvers based on Modelica need calculate all the coupled blocks during every simulation run after updating parameters. Based on discussing scale decomposition methods of simulation model, subdivision solving strategy and minimum solving strategy are put forward to improve the efficiency of repetitious simulation, by which the numerical solution of the simulation model can be achieved by only calculating the solving sequence influenced by altered parameters. A simplified model of aircraft is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the strategies presented.

基于COMSOL Multiphysics的煤层气对流热采分析

COMSOL Multiphysics软件是一款以有限元法为基础,可以通过求解偏微分方程组来实现多物理场耦合计算的数值仿真软件。通过COMSOL Multiphysics软件,结合多孔介质弹性力学、渗流力学、热力学理论建立多物理场耦合模型,并借助前人成果,模拟向煤层注入200℃的水,对煤层气进行热采,计算煤层的应力场、渗流场、温度场的耦合变化规律,以及煤层气的产出量。研究结果表明:向煤层注热水60 d后,煤层温度整体达到160℃以上,煤体的渗透率基本能提高到2.1×10-12m2附近,结果证明利用对流热采新技术开发煤层气是完全可行的,开采效率极高,值得进行商业推广开发。

基于COMSOL-Multiphysics研究煤与瓦斯突出

文章分析多物理场耦合分析软件——COMSOL Multiphysics在研究煤与瓦斯突出方面的可行性和优越性,并指出其实现方式和技术路线。介绍新的研究煤与瓦斯突出的工具和提出研究煤与瓦斯突出的另一个视角。

Representing Model Uncertainty by Multi-Stochastic Physics Approaches in the GRAPES Ensemble

To represent model uncertainties more comprehensively,a stochastically perturbed parameterization(SPP)scheme consisting of temporally and spatially varying perturbations of 18 parameters in the microphysics,convection,boundary layer,and surface layer parameterization schemes,as well as the stochastically perturbed parameterization tendencies(SPPT)scheme,and the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter(SKEB)scheme,is applied in the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System-Regional Ensemble Prediction System(GRAPES-REPS)to evaluate and compare the general performance of various combinations of multiple stochastic physics schemes.Six experiments are performed for a summer month(1-30 June 2015)over China and multiple verification metrics are used.The results show that:(1)All stochastic experiments outperform the control(CTL)experiment,and all combinations of stochastic parameterization schemes perform better than the single SPP scheme,indicating that stochastic methods can effectively improve the forecast skill,and combinations of multiple stochastic parameterization schemes can better represent model uncertainties;(2)The combination of all three stochastic physics schemes(SPP,SPPT,and SKEB)outperforms any other combination of two schemes in precipitation forecasting and surface and upper-air verification to better represent the model uncertainties and improve the forecast skill;(3)Combining SKEB with SPP and/or SPPT results in a notable increase in the spread and reduction in outliers for the upper-air wind speed.SKEB directly perturbs the wind field and therefore its addition will greatly impact the upper-air wind-speed fields,and it contributes most to the improvement in spread and outliers for wind;(4)The introduction of SPP has a positive added value,and does not lead to large changes in the evolution of the kinetic energy(KE)spectrum at any wavelength;(5)The introduction of SPPT and SKEB would cause a 5%-10%and 30%-80%change in the KE of mesoscale systems,and all three stochastic schemes(SPP,SPPT,and SKEB)mainly affect the KE of mesoscale systems.This study indicates the potential of combining multiple stochastic physics schemes and lays a foundation for the future development and design of regional and global ensembles.

Force Feedback Coupling with Dynamics for Physical Simulation of Product Assembly and Operation Performance

Most existing force feedback methods are still difficult to meet the requirements of real-time force calculation in virtual assembly and operation with complex objects. In addition, there is often an assumption that the controlled objects are completely flee and the target object is only completely fixed or flee, thus, the dynamics of the kinematic chain where the controlled objects are located are neglected during the physical simulation of the product manipulation with force feedback interaction. This paper proposes a physical simulation method of product assembly and operation manipulation based on statistically learned contact force prediction model and the coupling of force feedback and dynamics. In the proposed method, based on hidden Markov model （HMM） and local weighting learning （LWL）, contact force prediction model is constructed, which can estimate the contact force in real time during interaction. Based on computational load balance model, the computing resources are dynamically assigned and the dynamics integral step is optimized. In addition, smoothing process is performed to the force feedback on the synchronization points. Consequently, we can solve the coupling and synchronization problems of high-frequency feedback force servo. low-frequency dynamics solver servo and scene rendering servo, and realize highly stable and accurate force feedback in the physical simulation of product assembly and operation manipulation. This research proposes a physical simulation method of product assembly and operation manipulation.

THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND THEIR PARAMETERIZATIONS ON FORECAST OF A HEAVY RAINFALL IN SOUTH CHINA IN ANNUALLY FIRST RAINING SEASON

An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result.

Physics-Aware Deep Learning on Multiphase Flow Problems

In this article, a physics aware deep learning model is introduced for multiphase flow problems. The deep learning model is shown to be capable of capturing complex physics phenomena such as saturation front, which is even challenging for numerical solvers due to the instability. We display the preciseness of the solution domain delivered by deep learning models and the low cost of deploying this model for complex physics problems, showing the versatile character of this method and bringing it to new areas. This will require more allocation points and more careful design of the deep learning model architectures and residual neural network can be a potential candidate.

Effect of carbon nanotube on physical and mechanical properties of natural fiber/glass fiber/cement composites

The objective of this investigation was to introduce a cement-based composite of higher quality. For this purpose new hybrid nanocomposite from bagasse fiber,glass fiber and multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs）were manufactured. The physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured composites were measured according to standard methods. The properties of the manufactured hybrid nanocomposites were dramatically better than traditional composites. Also all the reinforced composites with carbon nanotube, glass fiber or bagasse fiber exhibited better properties rather than neat cement.The results indicated that bagasse fiber proved suitable for substitution of glass fiber as a reinforcing agent in the cement composites. The hybrid nanocomposite containing10 % glass fiber, 10 % bagasse fiber and 1.5 % MWCNTs was selected as the best compound.

压热改性对黄米淀粉多尺度结构及理化性质的影响

为研究压热改性对黄米淀粉多尺度结构和理化性质的影响,本实验借助高效阴离子交换色谱、X射线衍射以及红外光谱、扫描电镜、差示热量扫描仪、快速粘度仪等分析了黄米淀粉改性前后的多尺度结构(形态结构、晶体结构、分子链结构)及糊化特性。结果表明,经过压热改性后黄米淀粉的总淀粉含量没有差异性变化,而直链淀粉含量由7.46%上升到8.28%;与原淀粉相比,改性后黄米淀粉短链比例升高,而中长链和长链比例显著(P<0.05)下降;淀粉的重均摩尔质量、回转半径多分散指数均显著(P<0.05)上升;而Mn值却显著(P<0.05)下降;压热改性后,黄米淀粉微观结构发生较大改变,由原黄米淀粉的颗粒状变为片状,表面粗糙,存在孔状凹陷;红外和X-射线衍射结果表明,压热后的黄米淀粉与原淀粉相比无新官能团产生,但是晶体结构遭到破坏,黄米淀粉的晶体结构由A型变为非晶体构型。压热改性后黄米淀粉的热稳定性、抗剪切性和冷糊稳定性相较于原黄米淀粉更好,不易回生、老化,且压热后黄米淀粉的孔隙度更小,玻璃化转变温度范围更窄。说明压热改性对黄米淀粉的多尺度结构和糊化特性有很显著的影响,这为黄米的进一步精深加工提供了理论依据。

质子交换膜燃料电池多物理场建模及模型参数敏感性分析

受限于外部运行工况及内部多物理场参数的耦合作用机制,质子交换膜燃料电池的精确机理建模成为其研发和应用的瓶颈。该文通过探究燃料电池内部“电-热-流”多场耦合关系,构建准一维电堆动态模型,并基于单参数敏感性和多参数敏感性分析,得到不同模型参数的敏感度指标,完成了建模中部分关键参数的权重分析。为验证模型精度及耦合参数变动对输出特性的影响,在搭建Ballard NEXA 1.2 kW燃料电池测试平台的基础上开展变载及参数变动实验。结果表明,所构建的模型能够较为精确的模拟电堆特性,且对称因子、活化面积和压力系数的变动对电堆输出的影响较大。结果可为燃料电池电堆的测试及改型提供理论基础,并揭示电堆故障及老化过程中主要参数的衰退变化趋势。

第四代同步辐射光源加速器物理与技术

同步辐射光源是20世纪应用最广泛的高性能X射线源,已成为物理、化学、能源环境、生物医学、先进材料等领域前沿研究的重要工具。进入21世纪,基于电子储存环的同步辐射光源的发展前沿是第四代同步辐射光源(4GLS)。其采用紧凑型的多弯铁消色散结构,可以实现接近甚至达到X射线衍射极限的超低束流发射度,将光源亮度在第三代光源基础上进一步提升2—3个数量级。文章将重点介绍第四代同步辐射光源关键的加速器物理与技术,以及国际范围内第四代同步辐射光源装置的发展情况。

特高压并联电抗器铁芯振动及噪声特征研究

特高压并联电抗器因其铁芯是以铁芯饼与气隙垫块交替堆叠而成的结构特点,导致其运行过程中振动强度远超同电压等级的变压器,易出现振动超标等问题,现有计算方法对特高压并联电抗器铁芯振动特征还无法准确表征。鉴于此,该文针对1台特高压并联电抗器的铁芯振动机理及产生的噪声进行研究,结合磁-结构-声多场耦合分析,对铁芯所受麦克斯韦力及磁致伸缩力进行仿真计算,将结构场计算结果进行快速傅里叶变换后作为载荷激励进而计算由电抗器振动产生的噪声,并单独分析磁致伸缩力和麦克斯韦力对电抗器铁芯振动造成的影响。结果表明:电抗器运行过程中电抗器铁芯旁轭中部产生的振动最剧烈,电抗器周围产生的噪声最大。对比麦克斯韦力与磁致伸缩力对电抗器铁芯振动的影响发现,同时考虑两个力时铁芯振动小于未考虑磁致伸缩力的情况,证明影响电抗器铁芯振动的两个力存在相互衰减作用。

电缆终端应力锥错位缺陷对界面温度及应力分布的影响

电缆终端内部缺陷会造成终端内部电场分布不均、局部温度升高与应力分布变化,可能引发局部放电造成绝缘击穿。为研究终端应力锥错位缺陷对电缆界面温度及应力分布的影响,分别建立了电缆终端安装不足与安装过盈情况下的电缆终端错位缺陷模型,并进行电-热-力多物理场耦合仿真分析。结果表明:电缆终端绝缘屏蔽层截断处是电缆终端的薄弱部位,终端界面温度和界面压力都会在绝缘屏蔽层截断处发生突变。当电缆终端存在安装不足缺陷时,终端屏蔽层截断处与应力锥根部之间会出现电场升高区域,在安装位置为-7.5 mm时界面温度最高,绝缘界面压力值升高,且安装位置为-2.5mm时绝缘承受的压力值最大;当电缆终端存在安装过盈缺陷时,绝缘屏蔽层截断处会发生电场畸变,电场突变量随着偏移量的增加而增大,在安装位置为+5.0mm时绝缘界面压力值最大,且界面压力突变量增加发生畸变。因此,在电缆终端实际设计安装与运行维护中,额外注意应力锥错位缺陷对终端内部应力分布的影响十分必要。

核反应堆系统多维度多物理场耦合有限元分析研究

核反应堆系统庞杂且运行环境严苛,存在多物理场耦合的复杂现象。早期开发的多物理场耦合软件具有扩展性和通用性不足的缺点。因此,搭建多物理场耦合框架,针对耦合问题中的关键技术开展研究,对加快我国自主化多物理场耦合平台开发进程具有重要意义。本文介绍了西安交通大学核反应堆热工水力研究室开发的核反应堆多维度多物理场耦合有限元分析平台,主要包含热工流体计算模型的开发、燃料性能分析技术的研究以及多物理场耦合框架的建立等工作。在热工流体计算方面,开展了核反应堆系统两相流分析模型和液态金属快堆子通道分析模型研究,开发了系统分析程序NUSAC和子通道分析程序FLARE;在燃料性能分析技术方面,开展了包覆颗粒弥散燃料和板状燃料的性能分析研究,开发了针对多种燃料的燃料性能分析程序BEEs;在多物理场耦合分析方面,搭建了多物理场耦合框架,结合热工水力、中子物理和燃料性能分析程序,实现了核反应堆多物理场耦合的精细分析。本文搭建的核反应堆系统多维度多物理场耦合有限元分析平台可为核反应堆系统多维度多物理场耦合高保真数值模拟分析提供有力支持。

深空探测自主运行的一种可信性技术体系

未认知与不确定性是深空探测任务的基本特征.本文基于战略导向的体系化基础研究,建立了一种面向科学价值最大化的探测场景和以可靠性为核心技术基础的深空探测自主运行可信性技术体系.分析研究了深空探测场景下的可靠性概念;面向精确感知、最优计算、准确决策、快精准执行的目标要素,提出了深空探测自主运行的可信性体系框架以及“需求-认知-工程”总体技术架构;针对自主运行可信性的关键技术难点,开展了可靠性导向的多物理场、强耦合白盒建模,复杂网络故障传播机制分析,COTS元器件深空探测应用的高可靠保证,以及“模型+数据+知识”一体的融合机制分析等研究.对该技术体系的关键技术验证策略及其最小系统在卫星星座中的应用进行了验证,结果表明,所提出的技术体系具有较高的工程价值.

谐波电流激励下电驱动系统振动特性及主动控制策略研究

为研究谐波电流激励下电驱动系统机电耦合振动特性及主动减振控制策略,以某电动汽车电驱动系统为研究对象,综合考虑电机本体结构特性、磁饱和特性、齿轮时变啮合刚度、啮合误差等非线性因素,建立了电驱动系统机电耦合动力学模型,研究了不同谐波电流激励下电驱动系统机电耦合振动特性。在此基础上,提出了基于谐波电流注入的电驱动系统主动减振控制策略,并通过离线辨识最优谐波电流参数。仿真结果表明:电磁激励与非线性机械激励耦合效应导致电磁转矩波动和相电流波形畸变,谐波电流激励加剧电机电磁转矩和齿轮传动系统振动幅值;基于谐波电流注入的电驱动系统主动减振控制策略作用下电机转矩波动及齿轮副动态啮合力6f_(e)、12f_(e)谐波分量幅值明显降低。

浅析射频SiP多物理场耦合分析关键技术

射频系统级封装(SiP)的多物理场耦合分析问题已经成为限制其可靠性提升的关键因素。当前,射频SiP的多物理场耦合分析内容主要包括模型建立和数值算法,然而,模型建立方法以及算法的适用性与选择方法是一大难点。同时随着物理场和射频SiP模型复杂度的不断提高和计算需求的不断攀升,现有部分分析方法存在计算量大、适配不佳等问题亟待优化。本文对多物理场模型的建立方法及射频SiP关键物理场单场和耦合场方程进行了总结归纳,从方法特点和适用条件两个方面对有网格与无网格四种数值算法展开阐述,同时列举了若干种多物理场耦合优化方法,从建模、求解和耦合方式的角度为实现简化建模、加速计算、优化结果等目标提供了方法和建议,可以为射频SiP的多物理场耦合分析和改进工作提供参考。