通信约束下UAV集群协同拦截任务分配算法

针对多无人机协同拦截多机动目标的任务分配问题,同时考虑到真实战场环境中存在的通信约束以及探测范围约束条件,本文提出了分步一致性拍卖算法(SCBAA)。首先,对真实战场环境中存在的通信约束以及探测范围约束等问题进行了描述分析,构建了多无人机协同拦截任务分配模型,设计了综合效能函数以及相应约束条件。其次,为解决多无人机协同打击单一目标的不平衡任务分配以及冲突消解问题,将原任务分配过程分为主要任务分配以及次要任务分配两部分,通过多次拍卖以及冲突消解实现多无人机对单一目标的任务分配。仿真结果表明,该算法可有效解决通信约束条件下的分布式多无人机协同拦截问题,并适应动态环境中任务分配对实时性的要求。

融合危险度模糊分级的UAV动态避障方法

针对无人机(UAV)在多障碍环境中面对运动障碍的反应式避障问题,为了在反应避障决策时能够朝向周围障碍更远、更少的方向进行避障,提出了一种融合障碍危险度模糊分级的三维速度障碍避障方法。通过三维速度障碍法,给出探测域内各运动障碍的碰撞预测。选取坐标系三轴方向作为相互独立的可用避障加速度方向,在速度及加速度限制下求解三轴方向上避障加速度方向以及数值区间。通过模糊算法,给出了周围其他静止障碍的危险分级方法,提出优化评价函数对计算各方向上的最优加速度,给出优化避障指令。仿真结果表明,针对复杂环境,UAV在反应避障的同时考虑了其他障碍的影响,相比原算法拥有了更高的避障成功率和更少的避障次数。

Energy-Efficient Multi-UAV Coverage Deployment in UAV Networks:A Game-Theoretic Framework

UAV cooperative control has been applied in many complex UAV communication networks. It remains challenging to develop UAV cooperative coverage and UAV energy-efficient communication technology. In this paper, we investigate current works about UAV coverage problem and propose a multi-UAV coverage model based on energy-efficient communication. The proposed model is decomposed into two steps: coverage maximization and power control, both are proved to be exact potential games(EPG) and have Nash equilibrium(NE) points. Then the multi-UAV energy-efficient coverage deployment algorithm based on spatial adaptive play(MUECD-SAP) is adopted to perform coverage maximization and power control, which guarantees optimal energy-efficient coverage deployment. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach, and confirm the reliability of proposed model.

Analysis of reflected signal of quad rotor UAV based on model fitting in mobile communication system

In view of the many scenes of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)detection,a third-party signal source is used to design a receiver to monitor the UAV.It is of great significance to understand the reflection of the signal illuminating the UAV.Taking the communication base station(BS)signal as the third-party signal source,and considering the complete transmission link,reflection changes and loss fading of the communication signal,this study conducts model fitting for irregular UAV targets,simplifying complex targets into a combination of simple targets.Furthermore,the influence of the dielectric constant of the target surface and the signal irradiation angle on the signal reflection is analyzed.The analysis shows that the simulation results of this model fitting method are consistent with the results of other literature,which provides theoretical support for the detection of low and slow small targets such as UAVs.

Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation for Multi-UAV Systems

This paper investigates subcarrier and power allocation in a multi-UAV OFDM system.The study considers a practical scenario,where certain subcarriers are unavailable for dynamic subcarrier allocation,on account of pre-allocation for burst transmissions.We first propose a novel iterative algorithm to jointly optimize subcarrier and power allocation,so as to maximize the sum rate of the uplink transmission in the multiUAV OFDM system.The key idea behind our solution is converting the nontrivial allocation problem into a weighted mean square error(MSE) problem.By this means,the allocation problem can be solved by the alternating optimization method.Besides,aiming at a lower-complexity solution,we propose a heuristic allocation scheme,where subcarrier allocation and transmit power allocation are separately optimized.In the heuristic scheme,closedform solution can be obtained for power allocation.Simulation results demonstrate that in the presence of stretched subcarrier resource,the proposed iterative joint optimization algorithm can significantly outperform the heuristic scheme,offering a higher sum rate.

SIMULATION OF CRACK DIAGNOSIS OF ROTOR BASED ON MULTI-SCALE SINGUUR-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

In the diagnosis of rotor crack based on wavelet analysis, it is a painful task to find out an adaptive mother wavelet as many of them can be chosen and the analytic results of different mother wavelets are yet not the same. For this limitation of wavelet analysis, a novel diagnostic approach of rotor crack based on multi-scale singular-spectrum analysis （MS-SSA） is proposed. Firstly, a Jeffcott model of a cracked rotor is developed and the forth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the motion equations of this rotor to obtain its time response （signals）. Secondly, a comparatively simple approach of MS-SSA is presented and the empirical orthogonal functions of different orders in various scales are regarded as analyzing functions. At last, the signals of the cracked rotor and an uncracked rotor are analyzed using the proposed approach of MS-SSA, and the simulative results are compared. The results show that, the data-adaptive analyzing functions can capture many features of signals and the rotor crack can be identified and diagnosed effectively by comparing the analytic results of signals of the cracked rotor with those of the uncracked rotor using the analyzing functions of different orders.

Max-Min Adaptive Ant Colony Optimization Approach to Multi-UAVs Coordinated Trajectory Replanning in Dynamic and Uncertain Environments

Multiple Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (multi-UAVs) coordinated trajectory replanning is one of the most complicated global optimum problems in multi-UAVs coordinated control. Based on the construction of the basic model of multi-UAVs coordinated trajectory replanning, which includes problem description, threat modeling, constraint conditions, coordinated function and coordination mechanism, a novel Max-Min adaptive Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach is presented in detail. In view of the characteristics of multi-UAVs coordinated trajectory replanning in dynamic and uncertain environments, the minimum and maximum pheromone trails in ACO are set to enhance the searching capability, and the point pheromone is adopted to achieve the collision avoidance between UAVs at the trajectory planner layer. Considering the simultaneous arrival and the air-space collision avoidance, an Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) is decided first. Then the trajectory and flight velocity of each UAV are determined. Simulation experiments are performed under the complicated combating environment containing some static threats and popup threats. The results demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Modelica-based Object-orient Modeling of Rotor System with Multi-Faults

Modelica-based object-orient method is proved to be rapid, accurate and easy to modify, which is suitable for prototype modeling and simulation of rotor system, whose parameters need to be modified frequently. Classical non-object-orient method appears to be inefficient because the code is difficult to modify and reuse. An adequate library for object-orient modeling of rotor system with multi-faults is established, a comparison with non-object-orient method on Jeffcott rotor system and a case study on turbo expander with multi-faults are implemented. The relative tolerance between object-orient method and non-object-orient is less than 0.03%, which proves that these two methods are as accurate as each other. Object-orient modeling and simulation is implemented on turbo expander with crack, rub-impact, pedestal looseness and multi-faults simultaneously. It can be conclude from the case study that when acting on compress side of turbo expander separately, expand wheel is not influenced greatly by crack fault, the existence of rub-impact fault forces expand wheel into quasi-periodic motion and the orbit of expand wheel is deformed and enhanced almost 1.5 times due to pedestal looseness. When acting simultaneously, multi-faults cannot be totally decomposed but can be diagnosed from the feature of vibration. Object-orient method can enhance the efficiency of modeling and simulation of rotor system with multi-faults, which provides an efficient method on prototype modeling and simulation.

Coalition Formation for Multiple UAVs Cooperative Search and Attack with Communication Constraints in Unknown Environment

A coalition formation algorithm is presented with limited communication ranges and delays in unknown environment,for the performance of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in cooperative search and attack missions.The mathematic model of coalition formation is built on basis of the minimum attacking time and the minimum coalition size with satisfying resources and simultaneous strikes requirements.A communication protocol based on maximum number of hops is developed to determine the potential coalition members in dynamic network.A multistage sub-optimal coalition formation algorithm(MSOCFA)with polynomial time is established.The performances of MSOCFA and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms are compared in terms of complexity,mission performance and computational time.A complex scenario is deployed to illustrate how the coalitions are formed and validate the feasibility of the MSOCFA.The effect of communication constraints(hop delay and max-hops)on mission performance is studied.The results show that it is beneficial to determine potential coalition members in a wide and deep range over the network in the presence of less delay.However,when the delays are significant,it is more advantageous to determine coalitions from among the immediate neighbors.

Backstepping sliding mode control with self recurrent wavelet neural network observer for a novel coaxial twelve-rotor UAV

The robust attitude control for a novel coaxial twelve-rotor UAV which has much greater payload capacity,higher drive capability and damage tolerance than a quad-rotor UAV is studied. Firstly,a dynamical and kinematical model for the coaxial twelve-rotor UAV is designed. Considering model uncertainties and external disturbances,a robust backstepping sliding mode control( BSMC) with self recurrent wavelet neural network( SRWNN) method is proposed as the attitude controller for the coaxial twelve-rotor. A combinative algorithm of backstepping control and sliding mode control has simplified design procedures with much stronger robustness benefiting from advantages of both controllers. SRWNN as the uncertainty observer is able to estimate the lumped uncertainties effectively.Then the uniformly ultimate stability of the twelve-rotor system is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally,the validity of the proposed robust control method adopted in the twelve-rotor UAV under model uncertainties and external disturbances are demonstrated via numerical simulations and twelve-rotor prototype experiments.

Path planning method for controlling multi-UAVs to reach multi-waypoints simultaneously under the view of visual navigation

Abstract： There is a high demand for unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） flight stability when using vi- sion as a detection method for navigation control. To meet such demand, a new path planning meth- od for controlling multi-UAVs is studied to reach multi-waypoints simultaneously under the view of visual navigation technology. A model based on the stable-shortest pythagorean-hodograph （PH） curve is established, which could not only satisfy the demands of visual navigation and control law, but also be easy to compute. Based on the model, a planning algorithm to guide multi-UAVs to reach multi-waypoints at the same time without collisions is developed. The simulation results show that the paths have shorter distance and smaller curvature than traditional methods, which could help to avoid collisions.

基于多传感器融合的四旋翼UAV悬停校正

针对四旋翼无人机(UAV)定点悬停时精度低且易受干扰等问题,通过结合多传感器数据融合算法与PID控制算法,设计了一种四旋翼定点悬停的控制方案。系统以STM32F407处理器作为控制核心;通过6轴姿态传感器MPU6050采集陀螺仪数据和加速度数据,经过互补滤波算法融合处理后解算出欧拉角;采用三阶互补滤波算法对激光传感器VL53L1X采集的数据和加速度数据进行融合,计算出高度数据。通过MPU6050解算出的欧拉角补偿光流传感器测量的数据,得到UAV实际水平速度。针对传感器融合后的数据,设计相应的串级PID控制器对UAV姿态和位置进行控制,并搭建实验平台进行验证。结果表明:本文设计的控制方案能够有效提高四旋翼UAV的定点悬停精度,抗干扰能力强且具有较好的鲁棒性。

事件触发的时滞二阶多UAV系统一致性控制

研究具有固定输入时滞的二阶多无人机系统在事件触发下进行不完全随机采样,并达到一致性控制的问题。提出一种阈值依赖于多无人机系统事件触发时刻和初始状态的事件触发机制,并给出在此事件触发机制下具有固定输入时滞二阶多无人机系统的分布式控制策略。当无人机自身状态变化量满足触发条件时,无人机间进行信息交互,控制器根据此次事件触发的采样状态值进行控制输入更新。通过理论推理证明一致性控制的结论。最后,通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。

无线网络中具有MEC的多UAV飞行轨迹优化

搭载有移动边缘计算(MEC)设备的无人机(UAV)群可辅助无线网络,因此,考虑一个UAV集群的系统模型,其中UAVs从基地出发通过无线信息传输(WIT)系统为用户提供通信服务,完成任务之后UAVs返回基地。针对该系统,着重探讨UAV巡航轨迹与通信延迟的关系,以及UAV的最佳巡航速度。将UAV集群通信延迟的优化分为任务节点的分组、访问排序和飞行轨迹的转折点求解共3个子问题,构建相关的数学建模。提出一种基于模因算法(MA)框架的元启发式算法,通过大量的仿真实验验证了所提算法的优越性。

Modeling and robust adaptive control for a coaxial twelve-rotor UAV

Compared with the quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the coaxial twelve-rotor UAV has stronger load carrying capacity, higher driving ability and stronger damage resistance. This paper focuses on its robust adaptive control. First, a mathematical model of a coaxial twelve-rotor is established. Aiming at the problem of model uncertainty and external disturbance of the coaxial twelve-rotor UAV, the attitude controller is innovatively adopted with the combination of a backstepping sliding mode controller (BSMC) and an adaptive radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The BSMC combines the advantages of backstepping control and sliding mode control, which has a simple design process and strong robustness. The RBFNN as an uncertain observer, can effectively estimate the total uncertainty. Then the stability of the twelve-rotor UAV control system is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, it is proved that the robust adaptive control strategy presented in this paper can overcome model uncertainty and external disturbance effectively through numerical simulation and prototype of twelve-rotor UAV tests.

Chemical Control of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner with Multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

[Objective] The paper was to explore chemical control of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner with multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. [Method] According to the outbreak characteristics of C. lanigera,multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle was applied for flying control test. Referred to the spraying characteristics of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle,two kinds of microcapsule pesticides,ALV-1501 and ALV-1502,and two kinds of spraying additives,SPA-01 and SPA-02,were designed to control C. lanigera. [Result] The control effect of ALV-1501 at the dose of 2. 25 L/hm;was 60. 02% at 1 d post administration and 54. 14%at 5 d post administration; the control effects of ALV-1502 at the dose of 2. 1 L/hm2 were 76. 35% and 81. 35% at 1 and 5 d post administration,respectively.Compared to individual pesticide,the control effects of ALV-1501 were improved 1. 42-1. 47 times and 1. 16-1. 14 times by adding 0. 6 L/hm;SPA-01 and SPA-02 in pesticide liquid,respectively. The control effects of ALV-1502 were improved 1. 23-1. 25 times and 1. 15-1. 16 times by adding 0. 6 L/hm2 SPA-01 and SPA-02,respectively. The control effects against C. lanigera at three flying speeds of 3,5 and 8 m/s were 99. 72%-99. 97%,81. 6%-99. 81% and63. 52%-68. 77%,respectively. [Conclusion]The results will provide a reference for application of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in prevention and control of C. lanigera in sugarcane field.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Multi-Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Rotor

The principal objective of this work was to investigate the 3D flow field around a multi-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor and to investigate its performance characteristics. The aerodynamic performance of this novel rotor design was evaluated by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics commercial package. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were selected to model the physics of the incompressible Newtonian fluid around the blades. The Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model was chosen for the assessment of the 3D flow behavior as it had widely used in other HAWT studies. The pressure-based simulation was done on a model representing one-ninth of the rotor using a 40-degree periodicity in a single moving reference frame system. Analyzing the wake flow behavior over a wide range of wind speeds provided a clear vision of this novel rotor configuration. From the analysis, it was determined that the flow becomes accelerated in outer wake region downstream of the rotor and by placing a multi-bladed rotor with a larger diameter behind the forward rotor resulted in an acceleration of this wake flow which resulted in an increase the overall power output of the wind machine.

引入轻量级Transformer的无人机视觉跟踪

随着无人机在军事和民用领域的广泛运用,对于高精度、低功耗智能无人机跟踪系统的需求日益增加。针对目标跟踪算法在无人机跟踪场景下很难平衡跟踪精度和跟踪速度的问题,提出一种引入轻量级Transformer的孪生网络无人机目标跟踪算法SiamLT。使用Transformer对AlexNet网络进行改进,在增加最小计算量的情况下捕获全局特征信息。在目标模板与搜索区域匹配方面,联合Transformer和深度互相关运算提出一种二元相关模块,同时捕获目标模板与搜索区域之间的局部相关性和全局依赖关系。在分类回归网络中引入距离交并比,并采用多监督策略训练网络,以获取更准确的目标位置。在UAV123和UAV20L跟踪基准上的实验结果表明,SiamLT算法优于主流的目标跟踪算法,更有效地平衡了跟踪精度和跟踪速度。

LeCMPSO算法求解异构无人机协同多任务重分配问题

无人机系统在军事领域有着广泛应用,由于战场环境复杂多变,无人机遭遇突发状况后需进行任务重分配.异构无人机是指多种类型的无人机,可完成单一无人机无法完成的多类型复杂任务,异构无人机协同多任务重分配问题约束条件复杂且包含混合变量,现有多目标优化算法不能有效处理此类问题.为高效求解上述问题,本文构建多约束异构无人机协同多任务重分配问题模型,提出一种学习引导的协同多目标粒子群优化算法(LeCMPSO),该算法引入基于先验知识的初始化策略和基于历史信息学习的粒子更新策略,能有效避免不可行解的产生并提升算法的搜索效率.通过在4组实例上的仿真实验表明,与其他典型的协同进化多目标优化算法相比,所提算法在解集的多样性、收敛性及搜索时间方面均具有较好的性能.

联合运用多光谱和激光雷达技术构建的林分生物量估算模型

以广东省广州市从化石门国家森林公园为研究区域,选择4种不同林分类型(针阔混交林、阔叶林、针叶林、竹林),各林分类型选择3个20 m×20 m地块作为样方;结合激光雷达、多光谱图像、实测数据,构建多元非线性反演模型和多元线性回归模型,估算森林地上生物量,并选择最佳模型进行精度评价。结果表明:(1)依据多源数据建立的4种不同林分类型的多元非线性地上生物量反演模型的精度最高,针阔混交林样地地上生物量预测值为42.79 t·hm^(-2)、阔叶林样地地上生物量预测值为60.46 t·hm^(-2)、针叶林样地地上生物量预测值为32.99 t·hm^(-2)、竹林样地地上生物量预测值为1.92 t·hm^(-2)。(2)研究区中4种不同林分类型的多元非线性地上生物量反演模型的拟合精度,由大到小依次为竹林(决定系数为0.919)、阔叶林(决定系数为0.813)、针叶林(决定系数为0.786)、针阔混交林(决定系数为0.713),均符合精度要求。采用多光谱和激光雷达数据结合的方式,能够较精准地提取林分地上生物量信息,可准确估算针阔混交林、阔叶林、针叶林、竹林的地上生物量。