PLC-Oriented Access Point Location Planning Algorithm in Smart-Grid Communication Networks

In this study, we investigate the optimal location of access points （APs） to connect end nodes with a service provider through power-line communication in smartgrid communication networks. APs are the gateways of power-distribution communication networks, connecting users to control centers. Hence, they are vital for the reliable, safe, and economical operation of a power system. This paper proposes a planning method for AP allocation that takes into consideration economics, reliability, network delay, and （n-l） resilience. First, an optimization model for the AP location is established, which minimizes the cost of installing APs, while satisfying the reliability, network delay, and （n-1） resilience constraints. Then, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The simulation results indicate that the proposed planning method can deal with diverse network conditions satisfactorily. Furthermore, it can be applied effectively with high flexibility and scalability.

A Disturbance Source Location Method on the Low Frequency Oscillation With Time-varying Steady-state Points

The low frequency oscillation is a serious threat to security and stability of a power grid.How to locate the disturbance source accurately is an important issue to low frequency oscillation disposal.Existing methods have poor adaptability to the low frequency oscillation with time-varying steady-state points because of the limitations in the location criterion derivation.A disturbance source location method on a low frequency oscillation with good generality is presented in the paper.Firstly,the reasons why the steady-state points are time-varying on a low frequency oscillation are analyzed.Then,based on the energy function construction form,the branch transmission energy is decomposed into state energy,reciprocating energy and dissipation energy by mathematical derivation.The flow direction of the dissipation energy shows the source and destination of the disturbance energy,and the specific location of a disturbance source can be identified according to its flow direction.Meanwhile,to meet the needs of energy calculation,a recognition method on the electrical quantities steady-state points is also presented by using the cubic spline interpolation.Simulation results show the correctness of the derivation and analysis on energy structure in the paper,and the disturbance source can be located accurately according to the dissipation energy.

Study on the method of optimal location on explosion events at near-source site

IntroductionEarthquake location is one of the inverse problems in seismology. The accurate earthquake source location is the basis of studies of earthquake images, the relation analysis between seismicity and tectonics, and the important parameters of earthquakes. It is also the basic data used to study the space distribution of aftershocks after a strong earthquake. The earthquake location accuracy mainly depends on reliability of the velocity models for the earth￠s crust, the reasonable design of the seismograph network, the accuracy of arrival time, and the location method used (ZHAO, 1983; ZHU, ZHAO, 1997; LI, et al, 1999). The reliability of the velocity model directly influences loca-tion results. The reasonable seismograph network design can improve the location accuracy; otherwise it will in-troduce ill-conditioned equations and large location error. If arrival time is not accurate, for example, if the seismic phase is wrongly identified or the time service is inaccurate, large arrival time error will be produced, and the location results and real hypocenters will be discordant. Different location algorithms adopted will produce differ-ent location errors. The residual criterion chosen has influence on location results. Besides, whether the event is correctly associated also influences the location quality. In practice, it can often be seen that large location devia-tion introduced by wrong event association.

Grounding Locations Assessment of Practical Power System

Grounding Points (GPs) are installed in electrical power system to drive protective devices and accomplish the person nel safety. The general grounding problem is to find the optimal locations of these points so that the security and reli ability of power system can be improved. This paper presents a practical approach to find the optimal location of GPs based on the ratios of zero sequence reactance with positive sequence reactance (X0/X1), zero sequence resistance with positive sequence reactance (R0/X1) and Ground Fault Factor (GFF). The optimal values of these indicators were deter-mined by considering several scenarios of fault disturbances such as single line to ground on a selected area of the Iraqi National Grid (132 KV) taking into account the statue of GPs for transformers in the other substations. From the presented results in this paper, it is noted that GFF calculated for some substations could be used to measure the effectiveness of GPs. However, the operated time of relay can be taken as a criterion of this measurement for selecting the best location of GPs.

The Comprehensive Evaluation Algorithm with Fault Location in HVDC Transmission Line

China has a vast territory with a great demand for electricity. However, the resources are in reverse distribution in the country. Therefore, high voltage direct current transmission has great practical significance and been widely used. However, traditional fault location methods have a lot of problems in engineering application for the length of transmission line and the complexity of the terrain. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation algorithm based on the travelling wave method and time domain method. It also proposes a concept of fault point reliability. This algorithm analyzes the fault point reliability in the whole transmission line to determine the specific location of the fault point. This paper proves that the algorithm has high reliability by PSCAD simulation software.

基于定位二维码技术构建急性缺血性脑卒中流程管理模式

目的基于定位二维码技术构建急性缺血性脑卒中流程管理模式,并探索其临床应用价值。方法比较管理模式应用前后急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓总用时及各时间节点用时、住院天数及住院费用等,同时比较模式应用前后急诊科护士护理记录书写用时、书写错误及缺陷等。结果基于定位二维码技术构建的急性缺血性脑卒中流程能有效缩短DNT(P<0.001),模式应用后护理记录书写时间明显缩短(P<0.001),书写质量提高。结论通过定位二维码技术可实现流程数据精确抓取,在生成流程时间轴的同时可生成相应护理记录,为卒中流程质量改进提供了数据支持,对高级卒中中心的建立有借鉴价值。

外卖配送电动自行车换电柜选址定容实证研究

针对外卖配送电动自行车换电柜布局不合理带来的部分换电柜利用率低与部分换电需求得不到及时满足的供需矛盾问题,本文通过聚类POI(Point of Interest)数据确定外卖配送起止点,并通过仿真模拟外卖骑手配送路径预测外卖配送电动自行车换电需求时空分布,构建换电柜运营商总成本最低和用户满意度最高的多目标换电柜选址定容模型,并以新乡市主城区为例,采用NSGA-II(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II)算法得到换电柜选址定容方案。研究结果表明:仿真模拟得出的换电需求时间分布预测值与实际值基本吻合,换电需求在11:00,14:00,17:00和20:00左右急剧增长,且11:00和14:00左右的换电需求量显著高于17:00和20:00左右的换电需求量,外卖骑手配送路径仿真模拟方法在换电需求预测上具有较高的预测精度;换电柜选址方案不能同时满足运营商和用户利益均为最优,用户满意度的提高需以增加运营商总成本为代价;同时,兼顾运营商和用户利益的新乡市主城区外卖配送电动自行车换电柜最佳建设数量为26,其中,容量为11的换电柜11个,容量为22的换电柜8个,容量为33的换电柜7个;新乡市主城区应按照备选点编号15-7-19-17依次新增换电柜至30个,此时,用户满意度最大,若继续增加换电柜建设数量,只会增加运营商总成本。

基于组合基元法的非理想模型装配偏差预测算法研究

基于模型定义(model-based definition,MBD)体系的装配偏差算法适用于赛博空间中理想数模的装配场景,但不适用于物理空间中非理想状态的装配场景,导致现场产生大量修配工作。针对这一问题,文章模拟真实的装配场景,基于零件的非理想状态,并将配合特征之间的拓扑关系考虑在内,对装配偏差的传递与累积过程展开研究,给出一种装配偏差预测算法。首先,针对孔轴配合与槽轴配合,将装配约束转化为定位点约束,依据最大实体原则,构造柱面点云的最小包围圆,确定接触状态,给出串行装配偏差算法,并将以上两种配合定义为两种基元,对应的装配偏差算法定义为两种独立基元算法。其次,基于平面贴合、孔轴配合与槽轴配合给出并行装配偏差算法,并将其定义为组合基元算法。最后,基于非理想模拟数据进行实例验证,达到了准确预测装配偏差的目标,为后续在赛博空间基于实测数据的装配偏差计算提供理论依据,以促进高精度装配。

基于定位收缩法的局部阴影条件下光伏最大功率点跟踪

光伏最大功率点跟踪是提高光伏发电效率的重要手段。在局部阴影条件下,光伏阵列的特性曲线呈现多峰形状,常规的传统算法容易陷入局部最优。如何在局部阴影条件下找到全局最大功率点(global maximum power point,GMPP)至关重要。提出了一种定位收缩法(locate and shrink algorithm,LSA),采用收缩边界的思想使得边界逐渐收缩到GMPP。LSA第一阶段提出了一种峰的定位方法,通过自适应采样结合I-V特性曲线能够定位主要峰的占空比范围。定位法能够与其他单峰算法结合,具有较强的扩展性。第二阶段提出了一种基于三点准则的收缩法,能够在单峰范围内通过收缩边界快速找到峰值点,并且具有很强的环境适应性。将LSA与多个算法进行仿真和硬件实验对比,结果表明LSA在跟踪速度、跟踪精度和稳态振荡方面有着明显优势。

Spatial variation law of vertical derivative zero points for potential field data

In this paper we deduce the analytic solutions of the first- and second-order vertical derivative zero points for gravity anomalies in simple regular models with single, double, and multiple edges and analyze their spatial variation. For another simple regular models where it is difficult to obtain the analytic expression of the zero point, we try to use the profile zero points to analyze the spatial variation. The test results show that the spatial variation laws of both first- and second-order vertical derivative zero points are almost the same but the second-order derivative zero point position is closer to the top surface edge of the geological bodies than the first-order vertical derivative and has a relatively high resolution. Moreover, with an increase in buried depth, for a single boundary model, the vertical derivative zero point location tends to move from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body but finally converges to a fixed value. For a double boundary model, the vertical derivative zero point location tends to migrate from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body. For multiple boundary models, the vertical derivative zero point location converges from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body where some zero points coincide and finally vanish. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method is verified using real field data.

风荷载下伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统最优伸臂桁架位置研究

基于虚拟激励法和最优控制理论,提出伸臂桁架-主动调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD)组合系统的风振最优控制模型。首先推导伸臂桁架主体结构与ATMD耦合后的控制运动微分方程组并基于虚拟激励法求解该方程组,发展新的伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统数值简化模型。基于新提出的组合系统数值简化模型,应用固定点理论求解ATMD最优控制力,获得伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统的最优控制力模型。将新提出的伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统数值简化模型和最优控制力模型进行有效数值组合,构建该组合系统的整体最优控制模型。将本文提出的基于固定点理论的最优控制模型与基于线性二次规划方法的最优控制模型、被动最优控制模型和无控制模型进行对比分析。最后应用基于固定点理论的最优控制模型对伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统的最优伸臂桁架位置进行单参数敏感性分析,研究最优伸臂桁架位置对不同结构影响因素的敏感性以及ATMD对不同类型伸臂桁架系统的抗风控制效果。研究结果表明:主体结构伸臂桁架系统类型不同,不同控制方案的作用效果不同,且主动控制方案对加速度响应的控制效果优于对位移响应的控制效果;与纯伸臂桁架系统相比,风荷载作用下主动调谐质量阻尼器对组合系统的最优伸臂桁架位置影响不大,且最优位置对伸臂桁架刚度、核心筒刚度和外柱与核心筒间距离都有非常高的敏感性;风荷载作用下主体结构中的阻尼会限制ATMD对结构响应控制作用的发挥。

以“揣穴”为基础探讨针刺治疗的临床价值

针刺为一种通过刺激腧穴以达到治疗疾病目的的方法。腧穴是人体脏腑经络之气输注汇聚于体表的特殊部位,即疾病在人体表面的反应点,同时也是针刺疾病的刺激点。“揣穴”是对腧穴定位的进一步研究与拓展,有利于更好地了解腧穴的本质。《灵枢·九针十二原》曰:“节之交,三百六十五会……所言节者,神气之所游行出入也,非皮肉筋骨也”,“神气”“游行”“出入”等体现了穴位明显的动态属性。所言“节”者,为脏腑神气游行出入之处,是人体生理活动的反应点,故腧穴位置并非一成不变,其会随患者体质以及疾病的发展过程而变化,因此探索如何精准“揣穴”进而提高疾病治愈率便成为了笔者接下来所研究的内容。

光轴位置测量数据辅助立体影像无控定位技术

在卫星摄影测量中,相机参数经过在轨标定后,仍有随时间变化的低频误差,在无地面控制点情况下,这类低频误差影响卫星影像的定位精度。基于光学自准直原理的光轴位置测量设备可以在轨实时监测相机参数的变化情况,对于全球实时或准实时影像处理,可以使用该测量数据削弱低频误差对立体影像定位精度的影响。本文基于光轴位置测量设备的工作原理,建立了光轴位置测量数据辅助立体影像定位的模型和算法,并利用高分十四号卫星数据进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,利用光轴位置测量数据辅助立体影像定位,无须频繁地进行相机参数在轨标定,也无须地面控制点支持,即可实现卫星影像高精度定位,且全球范围内影像无地面控制点定位精度基本一致,平面精度约为1.87 m,高程精度约为0.73 m。

双层三阶多项式拟合的弹道导弹发射点估计方法

发射点估计是炮位侦察校射雷达的重要任务之一。在仅利用雷达测量数据的情况下,先通过三阶函数拟合弹道导弹主动段时间-高度曲线估计导弹的绝对发射时刻,从而求得各个弹道轨迹点相对于绝对发射时刻的相对发射时间,然后再次利用三阶函数拟合主动段相对时间-水平位移,进而得到弹道导弹发射点估计结果。通过弹道导弹运动模型仿真具有一二级助推的弹道数据,并增加雷达观测误差,分析验证了所提方法的有效性和精确性。经测试,所提方法求解过程简单,对主动段弹道拟合准确,发射点估计精度达到0.6%以内,定位误差较传统方法降低了50%以上。

基于Adaptive Sigma-Point滤波的智能导弹对目标协同定位方法研究

在对智能导弹协同作战过程详细描述的基础上,提出了一种利用多枚智能导弹协同对目标定位的方法。考虑目标运动模型为静止模型和运动模型两种情况,将Sigma-Point滤波方法与过程噪声的自适应估计方法相结合,融合目标运动状态和目标到达角信息,克服了常规Sigma-Point滤波性能依赖于目标运动模型的先验统计信息的缺点。通过比较目标可能存在区域面积的大小,确定了参与协同定位的智能导弹数目和编队构型。仿真研究表明,多枚智能导弹协同对目标定位可以显著提高定位精度和速度。

基于PSD传感器的炸点三维坐标测量方法研究

针对野外炸点空间三维坐标测量的问题,提出了基于二维PSD位置传感器的炸点位置测量方法,构建了基于二维PSD位置传感器的炸点三维坐标测量系统;基于双目视觉原理建立了炸点空间三维坐标测量数学模型;研究了被动探测系统在野外远距离下的标定技术;通过系统误差分解传递,分析了各参数的误差;在Matlab中分别绘制了炸点位置坐标3个维度的误差分布图,并分析了测量系统误差随炸点实际位置变化的分布情况;根据误差分布图得到了在理论100 m测试距离下X坐标最大测量误差约为0.292~0.303 m,Y坐标最大测量误差约为0.251~0.371 m,Z坐标最大测量误差0.270~0.336 m;最后通过静爆实验对测量方法正确性、被动探测系统标定技术可行性和测量系统功能性进行了验证,结果表明测量系统响应速度快且功能正常,被动探测系统标定技术具备可行性且操作方便,可适用于野外炸点位置的快速测量。

新能源电力系统振荡薄弱点定位方法研究

为减轻振荡对新能源电力系统的冲击,有必要在线评估系统稳定状态并定位系统振荡薄弱点,提前采取措施。为此,分别从端口频域特性和时域响应角度提出两种新能源电力系统振荡薄弱点定位方法。频域方法基于新能源场站端口阻抗特性评估系统稳定状态,并根据各新能源场站端口阻抗实部的大小定位薄弱场站。时域方法通过主动注入宽频小扰动信号,利用HHT(希尔伯特-黄变换)分析各新能源场站端口电流响应,提取薄弱模态的阻尼比,根据阻尼比大小定位薄弱场站。以三个风电场构成的小型新能源系统为例,对上述两种定位方法的有效性进行验证,结果表明两种方法均能准确定位系统振荡的薄弱点。

火源位置和风口尺寸对点式排烟烟气控制协同影响研究

为确保非着火列车处于无烟区,长大隧道通常设置中间风井。然而随着城市空间规划日趋严格和跨江越海隧道越来越多,有时难以设置中间风井,点式排烟成为一种有效的替代方案。采用模型试验、数值计算和理论分析研究火源位置和风口尺寸对烟气控制的协同影响,结果表明:当风口长度小于等于0.10 m时,临界排烟量为靠近火源风口所需的排烟量;当风口长度大于0.10 m时,临界排烟量为远离火源风口所需的排烟量。火源逐渐偏离隧道中心时,风口长度的增加先有利于烟气控制,而后对烟气控制具有反作用,风口长度临界值为0.15 m,这是排烟惯性力与由热压引起的水平惯性力竞争的结果。此外,当风口长度小于0.15 m时,最不利火灾位置在C处;当风口长度大于0.15 m时,最不利火灾位置在D处。

基于机器视觉的岩块自动化识别检测方法

在隧道施工过程中,岩体参数的获取是实现隧道掘进机参数调整和智能决策的前提,因此,要对掘进过程中获得的岩块进行采样和检测,而岩块识别和检测目前主要由人工完成。本文针对岩块的自动化识别和检测问题,提出了一种基于机器视觉的岩块自动化识别检测方法,通过融合岩块区域检测和语义分割算法能够快速准确获取岩块的形心坐标和过形心最小直径。首先,使用YOLOv3网络对岩块进行识别,实现岩块的区域检测。其次,针对每个区域的岩块采用FCN-DenseNet网络进行语义分割和图像处理,并对全卷积神经网络进行改进,减少了语义分割模型的参数量,提高了语义分割效率,提升了岩块轮廓获取的精度和速度。最后,根据获得的岩块轮廓点,计算其形心坐标及过形心的最小直径,为机械臂抓取和岩块点荷载强度的计算提供支持。搭建实验平台,完成机械臂手眼标定和深度相机坐标下岩块图像与岩块点云对齐,获取岩块形心坐标在机械臂坐标下的位置。实验结果表明,本文所提算法能够快速准确地获取岩块的形位参数,对10次实验中的102块岩块识别检测成功率为91.18%,在所有完成识别检测岩块中的吸取成功率为92.47%,可以应用于岩体的自动化检测,提高岩体检测的效率和智能化水平。