Application of BIM + Virtual Simulation Technology in Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization Course

We focus on the goal of undergraduate talent training,consider the course features of Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization,analyze the problems existing in the practical teaching of the course,use the advantages of BIM+virtual simulation technology,design a scientific and reasonable practical teaching content of Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization,and address the contrast between the strong practical aspect of the traditional Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization course and the lack of practical instruments in hope to improve students’learning autonomy,enhance the quality of practical teaching,achieve the training objectives of the course,and nurture applied technical talents.

SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF ROAD SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON TYRE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE IN AUTOMOTIVE BRAKING

Using a nonlinear time varying tyre model, this paper simulatively analyzes the influence of road surface roughness amplitude and road spatial frequency on automobile ground adhesion ability. The result shows that with the increase of road surface roughness, the tyre adhesion ability declines, and the automotive braking distance increases. Moreover, the reliability of the nonlinear time varying tyre model in reflecting the influence of the road surface roughness is validated. It is testified that this model is an effective dynamic one in the simulation of automotive braking performance on uneven road.

Local failure mechanism of sand-blocking fence in latticed dune along desert roads

The latticed dunes in the Tengger Desert are widely distributed,and the sand-blocking fence placed here are highly susceptible to local failure due to complex wind-sand activities,posing a serious threat to the safe operation of the highway.To explore the local failure mechanism of sand-blocking fence in the latticed dune area,the local failure of sand-blocking fence in the latticed dune areas along the Wuhai-Maqin Highway in China was observed.Taking the first main ridge of the latticed dune as the placement location,the structure of the wind-sand flow field of sand-blocking fence placed at top,the bottom and the middle of windward slope was analyzed by Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).The results show that when placed at top of the first main ridge,the wind speed near the sand-blocking fence is the highest,up to 15.23 m/s.Therefore,the wind load strength on the sand barrier is correspondingly larger,up to 232.61 N∙m-2.As the strength of material continues to decrease,the nylon net is prone to breakage.The roots of the angle steel posts are susceptible to hollowing by vortex action,which can cause sand-blocking fence to fall over in strong wind conditions.When placed at the bottom of windward slope,wind speed drop near sand-blocking fence is greatest,with the decrease of 12.48-14.32 m/s compared to the original wind speed.This is highly likely to lead to large-scale deposition of sand particles and burial of the sand-blocking fence.When placed in the middle of windward slope,sand-blocking fence is subjected to less wind load strength(168.61N∙m-2)and sand particles are mostly deposited at the bottom of windward slope,with only a small amount of sand accumulating at the root of sand-blocking fence.Based on field observations and numerical modelling results,when the sand-blocking fence is placed in latticed dune area,it should be placed in the middle of the windward slope of the first main ridge as a matter of priority.Besides the sand-blocking fence should be placed at the top of the first main ridge,and sand fixing measures should be added.

Development of driver-vehicle-road closed-loop semi-physical simulation system

As hybrid vehicles introduced the motor, the vehicle structure has a significant change in the power matching. A driver-vehicle-road closed-loop semi-physical simulation system, which makes real driving parts together with the simulation car, will bring convenience to the new car design. We used the computer software to simulate the road with a slope, curve and some other features based on the actual road condition, and analyzed the whole road scene in addition to geometry and physical characteristics. Analyzing and constructing the vehicle dynamics basic template, appropriate changes to the template can obtain the desired vehicle dynamics model with an external device to control the model vehicle. It combined the physical operation system with visual display, which gave us real driving feelings and increased the vehicle design predictive accuracy.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW GENERATION THERMOMECHANICAL SIMULATOR-MULTI-AXIS RESTRAINT COMPRESSION(MARC-STRAIN^(TM))SYSTEM

Ultrafine grain size is often achieved by severe plastic deformation. A few techniques have been devel- oped to achieve severe plastic deformation,such as equal channel angular (ECA ) processing, torsion, and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) techmpues. This paper will introduce a moftiaxis deformation technique which can achieve essentially unlimited strain with constant deformation volume. The mul- tiaxis deformation can be fully restrained or unrestrained.The bulk volume of a multiaxis restraint compression specimen can be easily machined into mechanical testing specimens for mechanical property measurement and other studies.

Traffic simulation and forecasting system in Beijing

Transport system is a time-varying, huge and complex system. In order to have the traffic management department make pre-appropriate traffic management measures to adjust the traffic management control program, and release travel information to travelers, to provide optimal path options to ensure that the transport system operates efficiently and safely, we have to monitor the changing of the state of road traffic and to accurately evaluate the state of the traffic, then to predict the future state of traffic. This paper represents the construction of the road traffic flow simulation including the logical structure and the physical structure, and introduces the system functions of forecasting system in Beijing.

Research on Application of Visual Simulation System of Expressway

Applying the visual simulation technology to highway engineering, an expressway visual simulation system for the analysis of landscape design proposals is built during the construction of Xiaoxiang expressway. Its functional requirements and overall architecture are presented. The 3D model of expressway is created with AutoCAD DWG files as source data and the dynamic design method of expressway landscape elements is introduced. A data analysis interface dedicated to the landscape evaluation is developed. The system offers an effective tool to facilitate the analysis and evaluation of the road landscape proposals.

Resilience analysis of road tunnels subject to refurbishment work

After some tragic fire events,Directive 2004/54/EC was issued to ensure a minimum safety level for tunnels belonging to the Trans-European Road Network longer than 500 m.Nowadays,most of the Italian road tunnels are still not in compliance with the minimum safety requirements,thus refurbishment works are often planned.By developing a traffic macro-simulation model,this paper aims at assessing the resilience of an existing twin-tube motorway tunnel when one of its tubes is partially or completely closed due to planned activities.Several scenarios were investigated,also considering the availability or not of an alternative itinerary in the surrounding transportation network.The average vehicles’speed was used as a functionality parameter,while the resilience metrics were the resilience loss,the recovery speed,and the resilience index.The findings showed higher resilience losses for complete closure rather than partial closure of the tube under planned refurbishment works.The implementation of digital technologies,such as variable message signs,might reduce the resilience loss of the tunnel system.This research might represent a reference for tunnel management agencies in the choice of the most appropriate traffic control strategy to improve tunnel resilience in the event of planned activities.

大功率拖拉机驾驶室振动仿真与试验验证

针对路面不平度引起的拖拉机振动及驾驶员驾驶疲劳等问题,以大功率拖拉机为研究对象,基于车辆动力学理论建立六自由度人-椅-路面拖拉机振动模型,仿真拖拉机动态工况下人椅系统的振动传递过程。为验证模型的准确性,在田间及沥青道路上进行实车试验,测量动态工况下拖拉机座椅及人体头部、腰部、腿部的振动加速度,并与模型仿真结果进行对比;通过加速度响应的时域和频域分析,把加权加速度均方根值作为评价指标,对驾驶员的振动舒适性进行评价分析。结果表明:建立的人椅系统模型与振动试验的结果有很高的一致性,模型具有良好的预测效果,且驾驶员测量部位因振动产生的不舒适感由低到高为头部、腿部、腰部,为拖拉机减振及座椅设计提供了参考。

道路沥青紫外老化及抗老化材料研究综述

道路沥青材料在使用过程中由于长期受到太阳光紫外辐射作用会产生紫外老化现象,并且这种现象在紫外辐射强度高的地区更明显。紫外老化会使沥青的物理特性和化学组成发生改变,从而导致沥青黏塑性上升、低温和疲劳性能下降、使用裂缝增加,进而劣化路面的耐久性、影响沥青路面的运营品质和服役寿命。为了防止和延缓紫外老化的产生和发展,可在道路沥青中添加抗老化材料以增强其抵御紫外老化能力,同时延长沥青路面的使用寿命并降低其性能的衰变速率。本文阐述了基于自由基和胶体理论的紫外老化机理;从处理方式、光源与辐射强度选择等方面介绍了室内模拟老化试验条件;总结了紫外老化对沥青物理和流变性能、组分构成、微观形貌、特征峰和官能团等宏微观特性的影响;归纳了现行抗老化材料的优缺点和使用情况。分析表明后期可在老化机理深度、试验方法标准化、室外老化监测、微观数值模拟、抗紫外老化剂针对性和抑制紫外老化措施等方面开展进一步研究。

桩板式路基引扩孔灌浆后植入桩的承载特性

为了探明桩板路基结构中引扩孔灌浆后植入预制混凝土桩的承载特性和荷载传递机制,以G3W德阳-上饶高速公路合肥至枞阳段桩板路基桩基工程为依托,开展了2组不同扩孔条件下孔内灌入砂浆后植入预制桩的静载荷试验。考虑植入桩中内部芯桩、外围砂浆固结体与周围土三者的相互作用,基于界面剪切试验,揭示了芯桩-砂浆界面、砂浆-土界面剪切性能的非线性,并分别建立了砂浆-土界面双曲线剪切模型和芯桩混凝土-砂浆界面弹性-破坏剪切模型。在此基础上,构建了引扩孔灌浆后植入桩三维数值分析模型。现场载荷试验结果验证了数值模型的可靠性,并对引扩孔灌浆后植入桩的荷载传递机制和影响因素进行了数值分析。结果表明:引扩孔灌浆后植入桩桩端荷载约为桩顶总荷载的20%,整体表现为端承摩擦桩的承载特性;外围较高强度水泥砂浆可有效将芯桩荷载传递至周围土,能起到扩径增强的作用;试验工况下芯桩-包裹砂浆界面阻力沿桩长呈两端大、中间小的分布特点,而包裹砂浆-土界面阻力随深度呈逐渐增大变化趋势;外围砂浆厚度的增加有利于提升传统预制管桩承载性能,但其厚度不宜过大,厚径比宜为0.2~0.5,以充分发挥内芯预制桩承载特性和芯桩-砂浆的协同作用。

基于点云反射特性的前方道路附着系数估计方法研究

路面附着系数是影响自动驾驶系统决策控制策略的重要因素。为实现对道路附着系数前瞻性的高精度感知,本文基于车载激光雷达设计了一种新的路面附着系数估计方法。首先采集了干燥柏油路面、混凝土路面、湿滑柏油路面、结冰路面和积雪路面构建道路数据集;基于使用布料模拟滤波和RANSAC算法进行了道路点云提取、基于高斯滤波去除反射率异常噪点;根据点云反射率随距离和入射角变化的规律将路面划分为不同区域分别提取特征;基于深度神经网络构建了道路识别模型,并基于采集数据集进行了训练,最后基于路面材质和峰值附着系数的统计经验确定了前方道路的附着系数。测试结果表明,本文提出的算法道路类型辨识精度超过99.3%,算法平均运行周期55ms,可实现实时高精度的路面峰值附着系数估计。

公铁同层桥梁防眩设施及防眩效果研究

以某公铁同层桥梁为背景,以道路失能眩光造成的阈值增量为评价指标,基于DIALux光学仿真分析软件,结合现场试验进行公铁同层桥梁防眩设施研究,并从屏障结构和列车光源2个层面开展影响屏障防眩效果的参数分析。结果表明:屏障高度和遮光角需大于某一阈值才能满足防眩要求,本案例为3.0 m和12°;当屏障开孔率较大或者光源灯柱角度和光通量较大时,需要进一步校核眩光指标,以免其漏光严重;灯柱角度和屏障材料基本不影响眩光水平;影响眩光水平的主要因素为屏障高度、遮光角和列车灯光通量。

沙漠公路风沙流响应规律的平曲线半径研究

以穿越腾格里沙漠腹地的乌玛高速公路沙漠段为背景,基于Fluent欧拉双流体模型,对风沙环境下不同曲面迎风形式、不同半径的沙漠公路曲线路堤进行数值模拟,系统分析了曲面迎风形式和曲线半径对风沙流场结构的影响规律,并据此得到了沙漠公路路堤平曲线半径的建议取值范围,最后结合试验段公路路堤两侧的积沙情况,验证了数值模拟的准确性。结果表明:曲面迎风形式及曲线半径对y截面路堤流场分布影响不大;在路堤迎风侧,凸面迎风平曲线路堤对风沙流具有侧向输导作用,且侧向疏导作用强弱与平曲线半径大小构成反比关系,凸面迎风平曲线半径3000 m及以上时,输导作用不明显;凹面迎风平曲线路堤对风沙流有汇集作用,且汇集作用强弱与平曲线半径大小也构成反比关系,凹面迎风平曲线半径5000 m及以上时,汇集作用不明显;在路堤背风侧,平曲线半径越大,风速恢复区范围越小,当平曲线半径达到3000 m及以上时,风速恢复区长度不变;因此,沙漠地区平面线形应首选直线,在考虑绕避障碍物时,凸面迎风平曲线半径建议不小于3000 m,凹面迎风平曲线半径建议不小于5000 m。研究结果可为沙漠公路平面线型选取提供有效的参考依据。

履带车辆主动悬挂多点布置优化

为实现履带车辆主动悬挂减振性能和能耗达到综合最优,基于正交试验方法开展履带车辆主动悬挂多点布置优化设计。首先,建立了履带车辆悬挂系统动力学模型,并通过道路模拟试验验证了该模型的合理性;其次,开展了履带车辆悬挂系统正交试验,分析了4种典型路面下各子悬挂对悬挂系统减振性能影响的敏感性;最后,设计了主动悬挂作动器的6个布置方案,通过建立基于线性二次最优(linear quadratic regulator,简称LQR)控制的履带车辆主动悬挂动力学模型,分析了典型路面下各布置方案对悬挂系统减振性能的影响规律及能耗变化规律。结果表明,通过对履带车辆主动悬挂作动器的布置优化,可以实现悬挂减振性能和能耗之间的平衡。

基于DNV SAFETI Route模型的危险货物道路运输风险模拟

DNV SAFETI Route运输路线模型是专业的运输活动风险评估模型,根据所有可能发生事故的地点分布潜在事故的总频率,计算出沿线的总体风险水平。选择事故场景为大孔泄漏,对发生泄漏情景引发的火灾、爆炸和毒性物质扩散事故后果进行预测。根据后果预测结果,进而可以得到周边防护目标所承受的个人风险和社会风险曲线。

自然灾害下的山区道路网络关键节点识别与抗毁性分析

为预防自然灾害对山区道路节点结构和性能造成影响,对山区道路网络进行关键节点识别与抗毁性分析。考虑山区道路特性,将道路坡度比和道路等级纳入到关键节点识别因素中,提出考虑山区特性的L空间下山区道路无向加权网络构建方法,改进原有引力模型,考虑度中心值、介数中心值、节点核心位置和特征向量中心值的综合评估法,以网络最大连通度和全局效率作为网络抗毁性的评估指标,采用随机攻击和蓄意攻击两种策略模拟山区道路遭受灾害时的直接和间接影响。为避免灾害造成的级联失效影响,以网络节点破坏规模为评估指标,通过不同初始负载参数下关键阈值变化探究所需的最佳额外负载。选取昆明山区道路为研究对象,研究表明:改进的引力模型在山区网络关键节点评估中具有较高适用性,综合评估法提高了关键节点识别的全面性和准确度,所提出的级联失效模型能够有效界定初始负载参数的合理区间,最大限度地减少了山区网络预防灾害所需的附加负载。

暴雨内涝下城市路网抗涝韧性评估

极端降雨给城市路网的正常运行带来了极大挑战,为了评估在应对极端降雨时路网的抗涝韧性,本文采用场景模拟方法分析暴雨内涝灾害对路网的影响;以道路水深是否超过水深阈值为标准,判断道路的连通性,构建以节点强度和不同水深下道路速度的衰减函数为计算指标的综合评价框架;基于降雨—积水过程下道路系统的性能变化曲线和4R特征理论,分析4种暴雨重现期下路网的抗涝韧性;提出通过改造易涝交通枢纽提高路网抗涝韧性的提升策略。结果表明:降雨对路网服务性能的影响要大于对路网结构性能的影响,路网的抗涝韧性随着降雨重现期的增大而减小,道路的淹没程度与道路等级和降雨强度两个方面有关;易涝交通枢纽对路网抗涝韧性有较大影响,降雨重现期越小,影响越大。在实施提升策略后,可以显著提升路网的鲁棒性和快速性,增强路网的抗涝韧性。

高速公路同向双向路拱路面小客车换道舒适性和安全性分析

为了分析同向双路拱路面小客车换道行驶舒适性与安全性,使用Carsim仿真软件建立了小客车换道轨迹模型、车辆动力学模型、同向双路拱和单向坡道路模型,以平曲线极限半径值作为换道轨迹半径值,开展多工况跨路拱换道行驶试验,并通过实车驾驶实验对仿真模型进行了准确性验证。结合横向加速度、横摆角速度、峰值附着系数和横向荷载转移率等四项指标变化情况和判断标准对同向双路拱路面小客车换道行驶状态进行了分析。研究结果表明:道路类型对车辆换道行驶稳定性影响较大,综合评价指标与回正增益系数的变化情况,在同向双路拱路面条件下,SUV(suburban utility vehicle)和微型面包车(minivan)换道行驶稳定性均能满足安全行驶要求;换道行驶稳定性由高到低对应的路面类型为:单向坡路面>抛物线型路拱路面>折线型路拱路面;折线型路拱路面条件下,SUV换道行驶稳定性优于Minivan。超速行驶对小客车换道行驶稳定性有显著影响,超速程度越高,稳定越差,即当基础车速为100 km/h和120 km/h时,超速10%和20%时,车辆换道行驶过程中均不存在侧滑风险,但车辆稳定性均处于较差状态。