Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Thermal Infrared Stealth in PVTMS@MWCNT Nano‑Aerogel via Abundant Nano‑Sized Cavities and Attenuation Interfaces

Pre-polymerized vinyl trimethoxy silane(PVTMS)@MWCNT nano-aerogel system was constructed via radical polymerization,sol-gel transition and supercritical CO_(2)drying.The fabricated organic-inorganic hybrid PVTMS@MWCNT aerogel structure shows nano-pore size(30-40 nm),high specific surface area(559 m^(2)g^(−1)),high void fraction(91.7%)and enhanced mechanical property:(1)the nano-pore size is beneficial for efficiently blocking thermal conduction and thermal convection via Knudsen effect(beneficial for infrared(IR)stealth);(2)the heterogeneous interface was beneficial for IR reflection(beneficial for IR stealth)and MWCNT polarization loss(beneficial for electromagnetic wave(EMW)attenuation);(3)the high void fraction was beneficial for enhancing thermal insulation(beneficial for IR stealth)and EMW impedance match(beneficial for EMW attenuation).Guided by the above theoretical design strategy,PVTMS@MWCNT nano-aerogel shows superior EMW absorption property(cover all Ku-band)and thermal IR stealth property(ΔT reached 60.7℃).Followed by a facial combination of the above nano-aerogel with graphene film of high electrical conductivity,an extremely high electromagnetic interference shielding material(66.5 dB,2.06 mm thickness)with superior absorption performance of an average absorption-to-reflection(A/R)coefficient ratio of 25.4 and a low reflection bandwidth of 4.1 GHz(A/R ratio more than 10)was experimentally obtained in this work.

Magneto‑Dielectric Synergy and Multiscale Hierarchical Structure Design Enable Flexible Multipurpose Microwave Absorption and Infrared Stealth Compatibility

Developing advanced stealth devices to cope with radar-infrared(IR)fusion detection and diverse application scenarios is increasingly demanded,which faces significant challenges due to conflicting microwave and IR cloaking mechanisms and functional integration limitations.Here,we propose a multiscale hierarchical structure design,integrating wrinkled MXene IR shielding layer and flexible Fe_(3)O_(4)@C/PDMS microwave absorption layer.The top wrinkled MXene layer induces the intensive diffuse reflection effect,shielding IR radiation signals while allowing microwave to pass through.Meanwhile,the permeable microwaves are assimilated into the bottom Fe_(3)O_(4)@C/PDMS layer via strong magneto-electric synergy.Through theoretical and experimental optimization,the assembled stealth devices realize a near-perfect stealth capability in both X-band(8–12 GHz)and long-wave infrared(8–14μm)wavelength ranges.Specifically,it delivers a radar cross-section reduction of−20 dB m^(2),a large apparent temperature modulation range(ΔT=70℃),and a low average IR emissivity of 0.35.Additionally,the optimal device demonstrates exceptional curved surface conformability,self-cleaning capability(contact angle≈129°),and abrasion resistance(recovery time≈5 s).This design strategy promotes the development of multispectral stealth technology and reinforces its applicability and durability in complex and hostile environments.

Metal–Organic Gel Leading to Customized Magnetic‑Coupling Engineering in Carbon Aerogels for Excellent Radar Stealth and Thermal Insulation Performances

Metal–organic gel(MOG)derived composites are promising multi-functional materials due to their alterable composition,identifiable chemical homogeneity,tunable shape,and porous structure.Herein,stable metal–organic hydrogels are prepared by regulating the complexation effect,solution polarity and curing speed.Meanwhile,collagen peptide is used to facilitate the fabrication of a porous aerogel with excellent physical properties as well as the homogeneous dispersion of magnetic particles during calcination.Subsequently,two kinds of heterometallic magnetic coupling systems are obtained through the application of Kirkendall effect.FeCo/nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)aerogel demonstrates an ultra-strong microwave absorption of−85 dB at an ultra-low loading of 5%.After reducing the time taken by atom shifting,a FeCo/Fe3O4/NC aerogel containing virus-shaped particles is obtained,which achieves an ultra-broad absorption of 7.44 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.59 mm due to the coupling effect offered by dual-soft-magnetic particles.Furthermore,both aerogels show excellent thermal insulation property,and their outstanding radar stealth performances in J-20 aircraft are confirmed by computer simulation technology.The formation mechanism of MOG is also discussed along with the thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of the aerogels,which will enable the development and application of novel and lightweight stealth coatings.

MTTSNet:Military time-sensitive targets stealth network via real-time mask generation

The automatic stealth task of military time-sensitive targets plays a crucial role in maintaining national military security and mastering battlefield dynamics in military applications.We propose a novel Military Time-sensitive Targets Stealth Network via Real-time Mask Generation(MTTSNet).According to our knowledge,this is the first technology to automatically remove military targets in real-time from videos.The critical steps of MTTSNet are as follows:First,we designed a real-time mask generation network based on the encoder-decoder framework,combined with the domain expansion structure,to effectively extract mask images.Specifically,the ASPP structure in the encoder could achieve advanced semantic feature fusion.The decoder stacked high-dimensional information with low-dimensional information to obtain an effective mask layer.Subsequently,the domain expansion module guided the adaptive expansion of mask images.Second,a context adversarial generation network based on gated convolution was constructed to achieve background restoration of mask positions in the original image.In addition,our method worked in an end-to-end manner.A particular semantic segmentation dataset for military time-sensitive targets has been constructed,called the Military Time-sensitive Target Masking Dataset(MTMD).The MTMD dataset experiment successfully demonstrated that this method could create a mask that completely occludes the target and that the target could be hidden in real time using this mask.We demonstrated the concealment performance of our proposed method by comparing it to a number of well-known and highly optimized baselines.

Lightweight Dual‑Functional Segregated Nanocomposite Foams for Integrated Infrared Stealth and Absorption‑Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Lightweight infrared stealth and absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials are highly desirable in areas of aerospace,weapons,military and wearable electronics.Herein,lightweight and high-efficiency dual-functional segregated nanocomposite foams with microcellular structures are developed for integrated infrared stealth and absorption-dominant EMI shielding via the efficient and scalable supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))foaming combined with hydrogen bonding assembly and compression molding strategy.The obtained lightweight segregated nanocomposite foams exhibit superior infrared stealth performances benefitting from the synergistic effect of highly effective thermal insulation and low infrared emissivity,and outstanding absorption-dominant EMI shielding performances attributed to the synchronous construction of microcellular structures and segregated structures.Particularly,the segregated nanocomposite foams present a large radiation temperature reduction of 70.2℃ at the object temperature of 100℃,and a significantly improved EM wave absorptivity/reflectivity(A/R)ratio of 2.15 at an ultralow Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) content of 1.7 vol%.Moreover,the segregated nanocomposite foams exhibit outstanding working reliability and stability upon dynamic compression cycles.The results demonstrate that the lightweight and high-efficiency dual-functional segregated nanocomposite foams have excellent potentials for infrared stealth and absorption-dominant EMI shielding applications in aerospace,weapons,military and wearable electronics.

Aerodynamic/stealth design of S-duct inlet based on discrete adjoint method

It is a major challenge for the airframe-inlet design of modern combat aircrafts,as the flow and electromagnetic wave propagation in the inlet of stealth aircraft are very complex.In this study,an aerodynamic/stealth optimization design method for an S-duct inlet is proposed.The upwind scheme is introduced to the aerodynamic adjoint equation to resolve the shock wave and flow separation.The multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA)is utilized for the stealth adjoint equation.A dorsal S-duct inlet of flying wing layout is optimized to improve the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics.Both the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics of the inlet are effectively improved.Finally,the optimization results are analyzed,and it shows that the main contradiction between aerodynamic characteristics and stealth characteristics is the centerline and crosssectional area.The S-duct is smoothed,and the cross-sectional area is increased to improve the aerodynamic characteristics,while it is completely opposite for the stealth design.The radar cross section(RCS)is reduced by phase cancelation for low frequency conditions.The method is suitable for the aerodynamic/stealth design of the aircraft airframe-inlet system.

Multi-Band Metamaterial Antenna for Terahertz Applications

A multi-band metamaterial antenna is proposed to operate at the terahertz(THz)band for medical applications.The proposed structure is designed on a polyimide as a support layer,and its radiating elements are made of graphene.Initially,the design is started with a conventional shape showing a single operating frequency at 1.1 THz.To achieve a multi-band operating frequency,the conventional shape was replaced with the proposed metamaterial as a radiating patch that has properties not exist in nature.The multi-band frequencies are obtained without compromising the overall size of the design.The overall size is 600×600×25μm^(3).The operating frequencies are 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz.A full ground plane is used to behave as isolation between the design and the human body model.The proposed design is investigated on free space and on the human body model,showing excellent performance in both cases.The achieved gains for the following frequencies 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz are 4.81,6.5,8.41,6.02,and 7.96 dB,respectively,while the efficiencies are 83.91%,96.28%,90.80%,91.71%,and 92.99%,respectively.The conventional design was modified to have a partial ground to show the benefit of using the full ground.The design is loaded on the human body model and its performance is affected.The efficiency and gain are 6.61 dB and 95.58.7%for the case of no human body model,and 4.26 dB and 40.30%for the case of using a human body model.Hence,the proposed metamaterial antenna will be useful for future medical applications in the THz band.

Development of multi-band and high-speed visible endoscope diagnostic on EAST with catadioptric optics

A new multi-band and high-speed endoscope diagnostic for the observation of visible light has been successfully developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak.The mirror with an aperture is designed at the head of the optical system.Based on two dichroic mirrors,the system is divided into three imaging mirror groups with different bands,i.e.B(380-500 nm),G(500-580 nm)and R(580-750 nm)bands,and its focal length is 16 mm with a relatively large aperture of D/f=1:4.The spatial resolution is less than 5 mm near the object distance of 1750 mm with the camera NAC ACS-1 M60.This optical system will be used to contrastively study both the spatial distribution and time evolution of different impurities in the same field of view.The experimental results confirm that it can be applied to the recognition of plasma boundary and related physical research.

红外成像导引头对隐身飞机探测性能提升途径分析

隐身飞机的出现对现有雷达和红外制导空空导弹的目标探测能力都提出了挑战。由于隐身飞机对雷达隐身的效果优于红外,相对而言,红外制导空空导弹具有反隐身的优势。但红外导引头仍需采取一定的措施以提高其对隐身目标的探测识别能力。本文针对红外成像导引头探测隐身目标能力提升需求,首先梳理了隐身飞机的红外辐射特征,之后根据红外成像导引头探测性能的影响因素,提出了采用双色/多波段成像探测、优化系统工作参数设计、提高成像质量和场景自适应性、采用低信杂比目标检测截获等技术以提高系统对隐身飞机的探测识别能力。

国外某型隐身飞机红外辐射特性及低空可探测性分析

以国外某型号隐身飞机为分析对象,通过建立飞机不同部位的红外光谱辐射模型、双向反射率(BRDF)模型和大气吸收/散射模型,计算得到在北半球中纬度夏季几种典型太阳入射角度、观测角度和飞行状态下,飞机的空间辐射能量分布.在此基础上建立低空探测模型和探测场景,并分析国外装备的某机载红外搜索跟踪系统(IRST)对该隐身飞机的探测能力.研究结果表明,加力状态、大气条件、太阳入射角、蒙皮反射率、探测谱段和探测角度都会影响飞机的红外辐射特性和可探测性.在低空探测模式下,阳光反射的影响相对有限,辐射强度主要受加力状态和探测波段的影响,在空间分布上呈现显著的多样性和差异性.

基于扫描旋转同步运动的三维成像方法

为满足在役战机隐身性能的快速检测需求,提出了一种基于垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动的三维成像方法。成像系统主要由射频收发设备、收发天线对、竖直方向导轨、转台和数据处理终端构成。天线发射频率步进信号时,对转台上的被测目标进行水平旋转,同时,收发天线对在垂直方向上扫描被测目标。以点目标组合为例,通过理论分析和仿真计算,确定该成像系统的参数配置,比较不同参数配置下系统的三维成像性能。仿真结果表明:采用垂直扫描、方位旋转同步运动方法能够实现三维成像,该方法与经典圆柱面扫描方法相比,扫描时间可缩短92%,同时保持11 dB峰值旁瓣比率。所提方法具有测试效率高、系统搭建简单、易于调节的特点,为服役阶段的隐身飞机散射源诊断提供了一种有效的测量方法选择。

隐身直升机红外辐射与雷达散射特征分析

为实现直升机红外/雷达综合隐身,将一体化红外抑制器融入隐身直升机的设计中,通过数值计算得到悬停状态下直升机的温度场、红外辐射特性以及雷达散射特性。结果表明:在一体化红外抑制器引射气流和旋翼下洗气流的作用下,直升机排气混合管和后机身都可以得到很好的冷却;尾桨通流作用下的高温排气对左侧机身的局部加热效应更显著;排气系统与后机身一体化设计方案使得机身可以有效地遮挡高温混合管,所以3~5μm波段总红外辐射主要来源于气体和机身蒙皮;而在8~14μm波段,气体红外辐射可以忽略不计;在3 GHz、6 GHz、10 GHz和15 GHz频率下,隐身直升机周向RCS均值都控制在4 dBsm以下,表明一体化设计方案在降低红外辐射的同时也具备较好的雷达隐身能力。

两代天基红外传感器对隐身飞机尾焰探测能力分析

为了对比两代天基红外传感器对隐身飞机尾焰的探测能力,以美国SBIRS-GEO和Next-Gen OPIR星座作为研究对象,通过建立高轨红外探测模型以及构建对应的预警探测场景,对两代探测器在不同飞行状态时飞机尾焰的辐亮度响应特性和模拟成像效果进行量化对比.研究结果表明,两代天基红外探测器都可以用来探测飞机尾焰信号;飞机加力对尾焰温度和外形有显著影响,成为影响天基红外传感器探测性能的关键因素;Next-Gen OPIR搭载的新一代传感器可以在36000 km高度捕获和发现处于非加力状态的尾焰,其成像信噪比明显高于SBIRS-GEO传感器对处于加力状态尾焰的信噪比.

基于同态加密的区块链混币方案

区块链混币技术是一种保护交易隐私、实现交易的不可链接性的重要方案。然而,其结合了Pedersen承诺的验证过程,需要数百字节的空间开销,极大地降低了可用性。利用国密SM2算法、同态加密和混淆地址,提出了一种新的区块链混币方案。该方案通过使用EC-ElGamal半同态加密技术加密交易金额,在链上交易过程中完全隐藏交易金额,将隐藏金额后的交易进行两次验证和一次重随机化后发送到一次性的混淆地址中,打破交易发起方和接收方的联系,实现了交易的不可链接性和不可追踪性。所提方案能够有效提高交易数据隐私保护的强度,增强对分析攻击、密钥重放攻击和女巫攻击的抵抗能力,同时单次交易的空间占用减少了82.25%,交易吞吐量显著提高。

舰船红外隐身性作战效能评估研究

舰船红外隐身性测试评估是研制新型水面舰船,提高其战场生存能力和与敌方作战能力的关键技术之一。舰船红外隐身性分析是通过对比舰船采用红外隐身措施前后的红外辐射量的变化情况,分析和判断隐身设计的有效性及隐身措施对红外制导导引头探测效果改变的情况。论文针对应用红外隐身技术的舰船红外隐身性作战效能评估的急需,深入分析了舰船红外辐射的机理与海洋背景下舰船红外辐射特征分布规律,通过外场测试经验及仿真计算模型推演,建立了的红外隐身性考核评估的指标模型,对舰船红外隐身效率及隐身作战效能进行了评估,验证了此红外隐身作战效能评估方法的可行性。

可见光载荷对云海背景下某型隐身飞机探测能力研究

为研究可见光探测器对某型隐身飞机探测能力,首先建立可见光波段云-海-大气耦合的多向吸收-散射模型;再通过对飞机蒙皮和尾焰几何截面在不同太阳入射角和卫星观测角度下的反射特性建模分析,计算到达探测器焦平面的目标以及背景的光谱能量分布,从而得到在给定光照条件下探测器极限信噪比和极限探测距离.最后模拟的仿真成像结果验证了分析模型的正确性和结论的可信度.分析结果表明,以云-海为地物观测背景时,云层的上行反射特性对飞机可探测性的影响最为显著;当太阳入射角小于60°时,飞机蒙皮的表面双向反射率(BRDF)明显高于海平面;太阳入射角大于60°时,云层和海平面对阳光的反射占据主导地位.

射频隐身仿真分析和评估研究

当前对飞行器平台射频隐身的重视度越来越高,为了贴合实际地分析评估射频隐身性能,提出了一种用于多机协同传感器信号级联合仿真的评估方法。结合射频特征、低被截获性能表征指标以及作战场景、飞行器平台、雷达模型、截获接收机模型和低被截获性能分析算法模型,构建了可以用来对多机协同等作战样式下的射频隐身性能进行分析评估的仿真系统,为射频隐身设计提供支撑依据与评估验证环境。针对信息量大、复杂度高的表征参量计算模型,研究其近似快速算法,提高仿真系统的实用性。

目标材料反射率谱测量实验

材料的可见光光谱特性,可以应用于土壤水分的估测,植物的叶绿素含量预测、蛋白质含量的预测、数字喷墨印刷图像的呈色控制、目标隐身与反隐身等多个领域。利用ATP9100地物光谱辐射计设计了目标材料反射率谱测量实验,实验内容包括:反射率谱的测试、定标、不确定度评估。实验设计了两组实验:(1)不同颜色材料的光谱反射率测试;(2)相同颜色不同反射率谱材料测试。实验(1)主要培养学生光谱反射率测试基本操作、不确定度分析以及不同颜色的光谱反射率分析能力;实验(2)主要是验证不同材料的“同色异谱”现象,从中引出可见光隐身与反隐身的发展,将最新的科研成果融入教学中。

机载有源相控阵火控雷达技术发展

机载火控雷达是战斗机平台获取信息的主要传感器,经历了测距机、脉冲雷达、脉冲多普勒雷达、相控阵雷达的发展历程。文中通过对现有战斗机火控雷达现状分析,结合未来战斗机平台作战需求分析等多个角度分析对机载火控雷达的需求和技术牵引,结合射频一体化、分布式探测、智能蒙皮、隐身探测和芯片化等新兴技术,展望未来机载火控雷达发展趋势,为后续机载火控雷达设计与研究提供参考借鉴。

变体飞行器的气动与多学科设计需求

变体飞行器可以通过局部或整体变形来改变飞行器的外部形状,实时适应多种任务需求,在多种飞行环境下保持气动性能最优,已经成为21世纪航空航天领域的前沿研究热点。本文首先梳理了变体飞行器的气动与总体设计、结构、控制、噪声、隐身之间的联系,然后针对变体飞行器气动设计面临的任务需求,阐述了增升减阻、稳定性和操纵性、降低气动噪声以及增强飞行器隐身性等气动与多学科设计对不同变形方式的需求,最后对变体飞行器关键技术和未来发展方向进行了展望,为变体飞行器气动与多学科设计的发展提供参考。