A Multi-Baseline PolInSAR Forest Height Inversion Method Taking into Account the Model Ill-posed Problem

Affected by the insufficient information of single baseline observation data,the three-stage method assumes the Ground-to-Volume Ratio(GVR)to be zero so as to invert the vegetation height.However,this assumption introduces much biases into the parameter estimates which greatly limits the accuracy of the vegetation height inversion.Multi-baseline observation can provide redundant information and is helpful for the inversion of GVR.Nevertheless,the similar model parameter values in a multi-baseline model often lead to ill-posed problems and reduce the inversion accuracy of conventional algorithm.To this end,we propose a new step-by-step inversion method applied to the multi-baseline observations.Firstly,an adjustment inversion model is constructed by using multi-baseline volume scattering dominant polarization data,and the regularized estimates of model parameters are obtained by regularization method.Then,the reliable estimates of GVR are determined by the MSE(mean square error)analysis of each regularized parameter estimation.Secondly,the estimated GVR is used to extracts the pure volume coherence,and then the vegetation height parameter is inverted from the pure volume coherence by least squares estimation.The experimental results show that the new method can improve the vegetation height inversion result effectively.The inversion accuracy is improved by 26%with respect to the three-stage method and the conventional solution of multi-baseline.All of these have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method.

Effects of different orthokeratology lens designs on slowing axial length elongation in children with myopia

AIM:To elucidate whether differences exist in the impact on retarding the elongation of axial length(AL)among children with myopia when utilizing orthokeratology(ortho-k)lenses employing the corneal refractive therapy(CRT)design versus those employing the vision shaping treatment(VST)design.METHODS:This retrospective clinical trial aimed to collect and analyze AL data from individuals who wore ortho-k lenses for three years.A total of 654 subjects were enrolled and prescribed one of the three specific brands of ortho-k lenses:CRT,Euclid,and Mouldway.The study’s primary focus was to compare the rates of AL elongation and myopic progression across these three brands of ortho-k lenses.RESULTS:In the 3-year follow-up,the AL elongation exhibited variations of 0.73±0.36 mm in the CRT lens group,0.59±0.37 mm in the Euclid lens group,and 0.63±0.38 mm in the Mouldway lens group.A noteworthy disparity emerged between the CRT and Mouldway groups(P<0.01),as well as between the CRT and Euclid groups(P<0.001).Additionally,it was observed that 32.1%of participants who wore CRT lenses experienced a decelerated progression of myopia,in contrast to 47.2%in the Euclid group and 44.4%in the Mouldway group.Statistical analyses revealed a statistically significant distinction between the CRT and Euclid groups(P<0.01),and similarly,the CRT group demonstrated a statistically significant difference when compared to the Mouldway group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ortho-k lenses represent a pragmatic strategy for mitigating the advancement of myopia.In contradistinction to ortho-k lenses utilizing the CRT design,those employing the VST design exhibited a more favorable impact regarding retarding AL elongation.

Relative Efficiencies of Optimal Designs in Four Dimensions Constructed Using Balanced Incomplete Block Designs

Experimentally, the best design gives estimates of the desired effects and contrasts with maximum precision. Efficiency as a discriminating factor enables comparison of designs. The goal of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is the determination of the best settings of the in-put variables for a maximum (or a minimum) response within a region of interest, R. This calls for fitting a model that adequately represents the mean response since such a model, is then used to locate the optimum. D-, A-, E- and T-Optimal designs of a rotatable design of degree two in four dimensions constructed using balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) when the number of replications is less than three times the number of pairs of treatments occur together in the design and their relative efficiencies to general designs are presented. D-optimal design had 88 runs after replicating the factorial part twice and the axial part thrice with an optimal variance of 0.6965612 giving an efficiency of 97.7% while for A- and T-optimal designs they are formed with 112 runs each obtained by replicating the factorial part two times and axial part six times. Their optimal variances are 0.05798174 and 1.29828 respectively, with efficiency of 71.8% for A-optimal and 87.5% for T-optimal design. E-optimal design was found to be the most efficient design with an only 32 runs comprising only of the factorial part and with an optimal variance of 0.4182000, attaining an efficiency of approximately 1%. This study proposes the adoption of the E-optimal design in estimating the parameters of a rotatable second-order degree model constructed using BIBD for less costs and time saving.

Novel heart valve leaflet designs with stiff polymeric materials and biomimetic kinematics

Despite continuous efforts to improve the robustness of cardiac valve implants,neither bioprosthetic nor mechanical valves fulfill both hemodynamic and durability requirements.This study discussed novel flexible leaflet designs,focusing on polymeric materials with proven hemocompatibility,such as polyether ether ketone,of much higher stiffness than native tissue,aiming at optimal valve implants.A biomimetic valve with a single-curvature belly-curve(B-C)was used as a reference for new design variants with a double-curvature B-C with varying radii.Soft(13.2 MPa)and stiff(2.4 GPa)leaflet materials and different thicknesses were studied using lean simulations and in vitro experiments under physiologic hemodynamic conditions.The performance was assessed using opening pressure(OP)and orifice area(OA).The latter was determined by a newly developed automatized image processing tool.Experimental trends are in agreement with simulations and demonstrated that a buckling-inspired double-curvature leaflet design significantly enhances the trileaflet valve opening behavior,which is particularly advantageous for stiffer leaflet materials.Compared to the reference,the best-performing variant showed an OP improvement of 47%and 44%based on simulations and experiments,respectively.In contrast,the achieved mean pressure differential was directly comparable to state-of-the-art bioprosthetic valves.The OA was slightly reduced for new variants but still in the satisfying range.

Theoretical Research and Practical Application of the Rural Cultural Enhancement by Creative Designs Under Rural Vitalization-A Case Study of Shanxi Province

To revive the nation,the rural area must be revitalized.Every regional cultural and creative industry has its own development path and practical mode.From the perspective of rural revitalization,this paper conducts research on the development model of cultural and creative design,and analyzes the significance of the integration of creative design with rural regional culture.Based on the current situation of rural cultural and creative development in Shanxi Province,this study proposes to form a brand communication chain through the integration between cultural design and rural culture,and the establishment of cultural and creative brands,furthermore,to establish trending topics through multiple channels.Finally,the important practical significance of cultural and creative design in promoting rural economic development and enhancing rural culture value is discussed in this design strategy,so as to actively help the new journey of rural revitalization.

A New Result on Regular Designs under Baseline Parameterization

The study on designs for the baseline parameterization has aroused attention in recent years. This paper focuses on two-level regular designs for the baseline parameterization. A general result on the relationship between K-aberration and word length pattern is developed.

Analysis of Roadbed Pavement Designs for Highway Reconstruction and Upgrading

This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.

Block-transitive 3-designs Associated with Alternating Groups

A t-(v,k,λ)design is said to be G-point-primitive or G-block-transitive,if its automorphism group G acts primitively on the point set or transitively on the block set,respectively.In this paper we begin by extending some results on block-transitive Steiner 2-designs to block-transitive 3-designs,and then based on these results,investigate the G-point-primitive block-transitive 3-(v,k,λ)designs for alternating or symmetric groups G.We prove that when n≥min{λ^(2),30}the point stabilizer in G must be of intransitive type,and specifically,when n≥30 there exists no nontrivial G-point-primitive block-transitive 3-(v,k,2)design.

Predictor−corrector inverse design scheme for property−composition prediction of amorphous alloys

In order to develop a generic framework capable of designing novel amorphous alloys with selected target properties,a predictor−corrector inverse design scheme(PCIDS)consisting of a predictor module and a corrector module was presented.A high-precision forward prediction model based on deep neural networks was developed to implement these two parts.Of utmost importance,domain knowledge-guided inverse design networks(DKIDNs)and regular inverse design networks(RIDNs)were also developed.The forward prediction model possesses a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.990 for the shear modulus and 0.986 for the bulk modulus on the testing set.Furthermore,the DKIDNs model exhibits superior performance compared to the RIDNs model.It is finally demonstrated that PCIDS can efficiently predict amorphous alloy compositions with the required target properties.

Design Strategies Applied to Classroom's Daylight Design Optimization of Classrooms Design

This paper explains how the optimized classrooms were selected and the results that were achieved by the optimizations carried out and finalized.The context of the research is the city of Concepción,in Chile.Virtual models of classrooms were evaluated using the Radiance software.We used a methodology that allowed us to determine the luminous conditions under different types of skies,seasons of the year and times of the day.The evaluation of the typologies was performed based on three defined criteria,in order to achieve the stated design objectives.We defined the optimal solutions for each orientation and,finally,we stated design recommendations for daylit classrooms to ensure the visual comfort of the students.These recommendations link all that found in the initial analysis with that found in the optimization stage.

Design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors

Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated systems.Therefore,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image sensing.Finally,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/nanofabrication.Benchmarks for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.

Seismic isolation design and resilience improvement of railway station considering the influence of near-fault pulse-like ground motions

To improve the resilience of railway stations,a typical station was selected as the research object,and an isolation design was introduced.Twenty-four groups of near-fault pulse-like ground motions were selected.The seismic resilience of the no-isolation railway stations(NIRS)and the isolation railway stations(IRS)were compared to provide a numerical result of the improvement in resilience.The results show that in the station isolation design,the station's functional requirements and structural characteristics should be considered and the appropriate placement of isolation bearings is under the waiting room.Under the action of a rare earthquake,the repair cost,repair time,rate of harm and death of the IRS were decreased by 8.04 million,18.30 days,6.93×10^(-3)and 1.21×10^(-3),respectively,when compared to the NIRS.The IRS received a seismic resilience grade of three-stars and the NIRS only one-star,indicating that rational isolation design improves the seismic resilience of stations.Thus,for the design of stations close to earthquake faults,it is suggested to utilize appropriate isolation techniques to improve their seismic resilience.

Measurement of Coordinate Parameter by Multi-baseline Digital Close-range Photogrammetry System and Data Analysis for Jujube

[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.

Study on Designs of New Ecological Architecture—With Plant Architecture as a Study Case

Through elaborating the concept of plant architecture, analyzing and summarizing its design principles and material selection, this study tries to offer a new approach for architectural designs in China.

基于Altium Designer软件的电子控制技术中电路设计探究

在正常的电路设计方案中,需要软硬件的互相搭配使用,普通的电路运用收稿方式或简单的办公辅助软件来完成绘制,但在面对复杂情况下的电路,专业的EDA辅助设计软件作用可以显而易见,以该辅助软件设计如SCH(电路原理图)与PCB(印制电路板)文件方面的工作。电子控制技术中电路随着时代的进步而不断创新,新型器件的不断迭代更新,其中的电路设计也变得复杂且繁琐,传统的电路设计已无法胜任最新电路的完善和使用。此时运用AD16(Altium Designer)这款辅助设计软件进行电路设计就可以事半功倍,AD都是复杂电路设计中的高效工具。

On Creative Agritourism Designs in Beijing,China

Concept of agritourism was analyzed and it was stressed that significance of agritourism has been highlighted as the living standards are improved, then concept of creative agritourism design was introduced due to the need of improving grade of agritourism and developing competitive tourism products. Creative design of agritourism was taken as the key point of agritourism planning, its significance was analyzed, and it was stressed that novel, special and comfortable tourist products and experience should be developed. On this basis, agritourism development and problems of Beijing City were introduced, foundation of creative resources in Beijing was analyzed, then content of the creative agritourism design was discussed under supervision principles of natural and cultural creative designs. Creative agritourism design was specifically elaborated from the following aspects:creative and strategic cultural planning, enhancement of humanistic and natural landscapes, constructed landscapes, design of tourism cultures, scientific and technological originality, festival and event planning, planning and design of tourist products, design of propaganda materials and website.

PASS DESIGNS OF 3-ROLL STANDS

The pass design formulae and method of calculation according to the characters of 3-roll stands pass are presented.

水田动力底盘逆向建模与质心验证——基于Geomagic Design X

针对目前农业机械仿真和优化模型精度不高的问题,提出了一种构建精确模型的逆向建模方法。应用光学扫描仪采集点云数据,基于Geomagic Design X处理点云数据并重构零部件模型,在SolidWorks中完成水田动力底盘的装配。以VP6D-CQ型水田动力底盘为例,将测得的实际质心位置与所建的模型质心位置进行比较,并对提出的逆向建模方法进行了试验验证以及误差分析。结果表明:总质量、x坐标、y坐标、z坐标的误差值分别为4.55%、3.62%、2.23%、4.81%,误差值均在5%内。此方法可构建准确的三维模型,为后续仿真优化数据精确性奠定了基础,与传统的研发相比较,可缩短农业机械研发周期、降低设计成本。

App Designer辅助教学方法探索与实践——以软件无线电课程为例

软件无线电作为通信学科的必修课程,具有承上启下的重要作用。因课程原理抽象、理论公式复杂,学员在学习过程存在理解掌握难、实践应用难等问题。通过对当前软件无线电教学过程中存在的不足与困难进行分析,提出利用MATLAB App Designer辅助课程教学,从教学准备、课堂互动、自主实验、反馈提升四个方面开展课程教学改革。实践表明,该方法对于提升学员的工程思维、系统思维具有显著效果,同时可以增强学员理论联系实际的能力。

Effects of Biomimetic Surface Designs on Furrow Opener Performance

The effects of biomimetic designs of tine furrow opener surface on equivalent pressure and pressure in the direction of motion on opener surface against soil were studied by finite element method (FEM) simulation and the effects of these designs on tool force and power requirements were examined experimentally.Geometrical structures of the cuticle surfaces of dung beetle (Copris ochus Motschulsky) were examined by stereoscopy.The structures of the cuticle surfaces and Ultra High Mo- lecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) material were modeled on surface of tine furrow opener as biomimetic designs.Seven furrow openers were analyzed in ANSYS program (a FEM simulation software).The biomimetic furrow opener surfaces with UHMWPE structures were found to have lower equivalent pressure and pressure in the direction of motion as compared to the conventional surface and to the biomimetic surfaces with textured steel-35 structures.It was found that the tool force and power were increased with the cutting depth and operating speed and the biomimetic furrow opener with UHMWPE tubular section ridges showed the lowest resistance and power requirement against soil..