Multi-blade rubbing characteristics of the shaft-disk-blade-casing system with large rotation

Blade rubbing faults cause detrimental impact on the operation of aeroengines. Most of the existing studies on blade rubbing in the shaft-disk-blade-casing(SDBC) system have overlooked the elastic deformation of the blade, while some only consider the whirl of the rotor, neglecting its spin. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a dynamic model with large rotation for the SDBC system. The model incorporates the spin and whirl of the rotor, enabling the realistic reproduction of multiblade rubbing faults. To verify the accuracy of the SDBC model with large rotation and demonstrate its capability to effectively consider the rotational effects such as the centrifugal stiffening and gyroscopic effects, the natural characteristics and dynamic responses of the proposed model are compared with those obtained from reported research and experimental results. Furthermore, the effects of the rotating speed, contact stiffness,and blade number on the dynamic characteristics of the SDBC system with multi-blade rubbing are investigated. The results indicate that the phase angle between the rotor deflection and the unbalance excitation force increases with the increasing rotating speed,which significantly influences the rubbing penetration of each blade. The natural frequency of the SDBC system with rubbing constrain can be observed in the acceleration response of the casing and the torsional response of the shaft, and the frequency is related to the contact stiffness. Moreover, the vibration amplitude increases significantly with the product of the blade number under rubbing, and the rotating frequency approaches the natural frequency of the SDBC system. The proposed model can provide valuable insight for the fault diagnosis of rubbing in bladed rotating machinery.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Multi-Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Rotor

The principal objective of this work was to investigate the 3D flow field around a multi-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor and to investigate its performance characteristics. The aerodynamic performance of this novel rotor design was evaluated by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics commercial package. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were selected to model the physics of the incompressible Newtonian fluid around the blades. The Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model was chosen for the assessment of the 3D flow behavior as it had widely used in other HAWT studies. The pressure-based simulation was done on a model representing one-ninth of the rotor using a 40-degree periodicity in a single moving reference frame system. Analyzing the wake flow behavior over a wide range of wind speeds provided a clear vision of this novel rotor configuration. From the analysis, it was determined that the flow becomes accelerated in outer wake region downstream of the rotor and by placing a multi-bladed rotor with a larger diameter behind the forward rotor resulted in an acceleration of this wake flow which resulted in an increase the overall power output of the wind machine.

Numerical investigation on the flow and power of small-sized multi-bladed straight Darrieus wind turbine

Straight Darrieus wind turbine has attractive characteristics such as the ability to accept wind from random direction and easy installation and maintenance. But its aerodynamic performance is very complicated,especially for the existence of dynamic stall. How to get better aerodynamic performance arouses lots of interests in the design procedure of a straight Darrieus wind turbine. In this paper,mainly the effects of number of blades and tip speed ratio are discussed. Based on the numerical investigation,an assumed asymmetric straight Darrieus wind turbine is proposed to improve the averaged power coefficient. As to the numerical method,the flow around the turbine is simulated by solving the 2D unsteady Navier-Stokes equation combined with continuous equation. The time marching method on a body-fitted coordinate system based on MAC (Marker-and-Cell) method is used. O-type grid is generated for the whole calculation domain. The characteristics of tangential and normal force are discussed related with dynamic stall of the blade. Averaged power coefficient per period of rotating is calculated to evaluate the eligibility of the turbine.

Bionic Volute Tongue Optimization Design of Multi-blade Centrifugal Fan Inspired by the Wave Leading-edge of Humpback Whale Flippers

The volute tongue can split the gas in the multi-blade centrifugal fan to make the gas flow to the volute outlet as much as possible.However,the unsteady axial deflection of the gas in the impeller results in different air flow angles at the outlet of the impeller at different blade heights.This seriously affects the flow near the volute tongue.The wave leading-edge structure of humpback whale flippers has a very high flow control effect under complex flow conditions.Therefore,the wave leading-edge structure is studied in this paper and applied to the optimization design of multi-blade centrifugal fan volute tongue.First,based on the wave leading-edge structure of humpback whale flippers,three-dimensional wave leading-edge airfoils with different wave direction angles are established to judge the adaptability of the new wave leading-edge structure under different attack angles.Then,aiming at the internal flow field and noise characteristics of multi-blade centrifugal fan,a bionic volute tongue optimization design method is proposed,and studied its influence on the internal flow field and noise characteristics of the fan.The results show that when the wave direction angle is 45°,the wave leading-edge structure can effectively suppress the generation of the leading-edge separation vortex and the shedding of the wake vortex,which is also helpful to reduce the noise.The bionic volute tongue with the wave leading-edge structure can adapt to the situation that the impeller outlet air flow angle is small.At the maximum volume flow rate operating point,the static pressure recovery coefficient of the bionic volute tongue fan is increased by about 5%compared to the original fan,the air volume is increased by 5.16%,and the noise is reduced by 0.6 dB.

Performances and Acoustic Noise of Micro Multi-blade Fan

在这篇论文，表演和传统的类型的声学的噪音，微多片扇子试验性地并且数字地被调查，到为居民情形优化扇子的说明。声学的噪音水平减少，但是效率随 impeller 的片数字的增加稍微败坏。而且，声学的噪音随在 impeller 插头和涡囊舌头之间的距离的增加减少，在随输入的增加和扇子效率的恶化伴随。

多翼离心风机叶轮内油性粒子沉积特性的数值研究

为了揭示多翼离心风机内部油性粒子沉积分布规律,减少风机内粒子沉积,采用Fluent离散相模型描述粒子运动,同时结合临界速度模型和用户自定义函数(UDF)建模油性粒子在壁面上的沉积,模拟研究了多翼离心风机内油性粒子的运动轨迹和沉积特性,并探究了颗粒直径对沉积分布的影响。结果表明:油性粒子沉积主要分布在叶片压力面,且靠近出口尾缘段尤为严重;由于进气条件不稳定,整机下内部流场更为紊乱,沉积情况也更为严重;大直径粒子受惯性力主导更容易沉积在叶片表面。针对油性粒子沉积分布规律及成因,提出了切割叶片减小叶片出口安装角从而减少叶轮内油性粒子沉积的方法。对于切割后的叶片,叶轮出口处流动分离区域减小,叶片尾缘段涡量减小,通过数值模拟和实验研究发现,叶轮内油性粒子沉积率分别下降了30.75%和30.66%,两者吻合良好,证实了提出的减小叶轮油性粒子沉积方法的有效性。

多翼离心风机气动噪声数值预测

文章采用计算流体力学软件Fluent对多翼离心风机的内部流场进行三维的定常和非定常数值模拟,并对数值结果进行了分析。数值结果与试验结果的对比分析表明了数值模拟具有较好的准确性和可信度。随后,基于流场的计算结果进行声场的数值计算,结果表明:基于非定常流动的FW-H声压模型可获得多翼离心风机气动噪声主要噪声源在声学接收点处的噪声频谱,有助于更深层地了解声源的噪声特性以及明确噪声峰值所对应的频率段,为下一步进行有针对性的噪声控制研究提供有力的依据。

多室连续混合设备桨叶设计参数优化

为优化多室连续混合设备的设计参数,开展多室连续混合设备桨叶多目标优化研究。以混合室单位体积功耗和混合室轴截面有效混合面积为目标函数,峰值剪切应力为约束变量,建立了基于径向基函数的多目标优化模型,采用正交试验设计和遗传算法对桨叶进行了参数优化,并对优化结果进行了CFD仿真和试验验证。结果表明,多室连续混合设备特性参量的显著影响因素为桨叶外径、桨叶-壁面间隙以及桨叶转速。相对于初始设计,优化后单位体积功耗降低了14.90%,混合室轴截面有效混合面积增加了4.10%,二者乘积降低了11.47%,峰值剪切应力降低了21.28%,在混合能力降低较少的情况下安全性获得了较大的提升,证明了基于径向基函数的多目标遗传算法在多室连续混合设备性能优化上的可行性。

多翼离心风机叶片参数优化设计对壁挂式空调新风部件的气动性能研究

随着城市化的发展,舒适健康以及审美需求逐年提升,新风空调的销量越来越大,新风量、新风噪声都越来越受到用户关注,新风带来的困扰越来越凸显。为改善多翼离心风机的气动性能和噪声值,基于CFD数值摸拟与实验测试相结合的方式对单圆弧叶轮进行全参数优化设计。通过响应面设计方法对叶片进口安装角βb_(1)、出口安装角βb_(2)、叶片内径D_(2)、叶片数Z几个参数进行参数化设计。经过多组方案计算,获得叶片参数与风量和功率的关系。研究发现通过调整叶轮参数,改善叶片流道内的流场分布,能够有效提高叶片的做功能力并且降低风机噪声性能。与原型相比,实测同风量噪声降低0.8dB(A),功率降低11.8%。

谐波激励下压气机叶片多模态耦合振动特性研究

航空发动机压气机叶片在振动台上进行疲劳试验时,振动台的简谐激励信号在经过多个工装的摩擦界面传输过程中会出现高阶倍频谐波分量。当叶片固有频率与激振频率的高阶谐波分量的频率相近时,叶片在外部简谐激励下会发生多模态耦合振动的现象,利用该试验特征可模拟航空发动机压气机叶片工作时的多模态耦合振动。通过振动疲劳多模态标定试验和激振试验,获取了叶片耦合振动时位移和应变的振动特性。数值分析和试验结果表明:叶片发生失效的位置与耦合振动各阶模态叠加后的振动大应力位置一致;随着叶片固有频率与高阶谐波分量频率之间频差的增加,高阶模态的振动应力呈指数下降的趋势。

复合载荷作用下H型垂直轴风力机叶片结构多目标优化

为改善气动力、离心力和重力等复合载荷作用下的H型垂直轴风力机叶片的结构性能,提出一种多目标优化方法。以质量和最大应力最小为目标,最大变形为约束建立优化模型。通过流固耦合(Fluid-Structure-Interaction,FSI)方法,实现叶片表面压力的实时准确提取,建立复合载荷作用下的叶片有限元模型;基于最优空间填充(Optimal Space-Filling,OSF)方法和Kriging模型建立各变量对应力、质量和变形的响应面模型,进行灵敏度和变化趋势分析;最后采用多目标遗传算法(Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm,MOGA)获得各变量的最优解,并进行结果验证。结果表明,优化后叶片质量减少了14.7%,各方位角下的最大应力减幅最大为7.8%,最大变形减幅最大为16.7%。研究结果可为复合载荷作用下叶片的结构优化设计提供参考。

基于多岛遗传算法的离心压缩机叶轮结构优化研究

为保证离心压缩机的稳定运行,以水利工程离心压缩机使用的叶片钢叶轮为例,提出基于多岛遗传算法的离心压缩机叶轮结构优化方法.采用三阶Bezier曲线对叶轮叶片的进出口安放角以及叶片包角等参数进行设计;利用CFD软件构建叶轮的计算域以及模型,对叶轮结构模型进行相关条件假设和处理后,完成模型计算;定义重量最轻、扬程最大、水利效率最高为叶轮结构优化目标函数,结合等效应力、轴向变形约束条件,通过多岛遗传算法优化叶轮结构参数.试验结果满足叶轮结构优化的约束条件.

基于光纤复合测量技术的涡轮叶片气膜孔检测

为了解决航空发动机涡轮叶片气膜孔几何特征参数有效检测手段缺乏、测量结果一致性差的问题,设计并搭建了基于光纤复合测量技术的涡轮叶片气膜孔检测系统,提出了利用该系统对涡轮叶片气膜孔进行测量的方法,通过试验进行了方法验证。搭建的系统为多传感器测量系统,具备叶片接触与非接触测量、空间姿态定位及3D投影能力,实现了涡轮叶片全范围气模孔的测量。在试验中,选取高压涡轮叶片作为被测物体,应用该测量系统对叶片上的气膜孔进行了测量,计算得到了气膜孔直径、轴线角度及位置度的准确信息。结果表明:通过测量不确定度的分析评定可知,该系统对气膜孔直径、位置度的测量不确定度均小于0.01 mm,完全满足设计公差对测量仪器的精度要求,可以用于涡轮叶片气膜孔工程化测量。

汽车空调鼓风机倾斜蜗舌流场及噪声研究分析

针对一款应用在汽车空调上的多翼离心风机的噪音问题进行分析。利用Strar CCM+软件对常规直蜗舌和加斜蜗舌后的多翼离心风机进行数值模拟研究。计算结果表明:斜蜗舌对蜗舌附近及蜗舌后的流场都有较大的影响,好的倾斜蜗舌设计可以改善蜗舌处的流场,减小蜗舌区域的旋涡强度。对多翼离心风机加装倾斜蜗舌前后风量和噪音变化进行试验,结果表明:在相同转速下,风量基本没有变化,斜蜗舌对总噪声值改善较小,但可以明显改善叶轮阶次噪声,叶轮阶次频率处噪声降低了7dB左右。

基于多岛遗传算法的垂直轴风机翼型优化设计

为了解决垂直轴风力机的风能利用率在实际应用中低于水平轴风力机的问题,通过以多岛遗传算法为核心与翼型参数化、ICEM网格生成以及计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)流场计算相结合,并以翼型的升阻比为优化目标,建立优化模型,进而开发自动优化评估流程,完成翼型的优化设计与气动性能分析。结果表明:相比初始翼型,优化翼型是非对称翼型,其最大相对厚度降低1%,升阻比提高17.78%,升力系数提高16.7%,为0.11c(c为翼型的弦长);其最大相对厚度对应在弦上的位置向翼型的前缘移动了0.036c。且翼型弯度明显增加,中弧线偏移量最大值为0.0174c。优化翼型的前缘半径变化不大,但翼型尾缘夹角明显变小,翼型上翼面轮廓线相对平缓。

基于多场耦合的涡轮叶片静强度计算分析

涡轮叶片是航空发动机最昂贵和最关键的部件之一,它们在高交变负荷、极端温度、侵蚀和腐蚀的恶劣工作条件下运行。为了保障涡轮的正常运行以及防止事故的发生,在涡轮叶片静强度设计过程中需要考虑热-流-固多场耦合作用;建立了涡轮叶片的多场耦合计算流程,综合考虑热负荷、离心负荷和气动负荷对涡轮叶片静强度设计的影响;通过对涡轮叶片进行静强度分析,得到了叶片在热负荷、离心负荷和气动负荷综合作用下的应力分布,确定了涡轮叶片强度危险点的位置和最大等效应力,可以为涡轮叶片的寿命预测提供依据。

空调新风系统多翼离心风机叶轮进出口角对风量影响的研究

叶轮是多翼离心风机的核心部件,探究叶轮进出口角对叶轮气动特性的影响,对空调新风系统多翼离心风机的设计及风量优化具有重要意义。针对某型空调新风系统,构建了多翼离心风机CFD整机仿真模型。在此基础上,分析了前向叶轮进出口角对多翼离心风机风量的影响,并通过数值仿真分析,对不同叶轮进出口角时的风机内部流场展开分析,最后得出优化后的叶轮进出口角方案。结果表明,当叶轮进口角为50°,出口角为169°时,风机流道流动情况得到明显优化,叶道堵塞情况得到改善,叶轮有效通流面积增大,叶轮出口气流速度提升,风机效率有所提升,风机蜗壳出口处风速均匀性较好,空调新风系统性能显著提升,蜗壳出口处风量提高1.29m^(3)/h,增幅约1.27%。

采用变弦长叶片设计的多翼离心风机叶轮改进与优化

针对多翼离心风机蜗壳宽度大、叶片短引起的轴向进气流量分布不均匀和叶道回流现象,提出变弦长叶片的设计方法,以多翼离心风机叶轮为研究对象,开展了叶轮前缘的参数化优化。使用有5个控制点的贝塞尔曲线构建叶轮前缘,建立了支持向量回归代理模型,设置了效率与静压的优化目标,通过遗传优化算法对选取的控制点参数进行了优化。设计结果表明:变弦长叶片设计提升了多翼离心风机的通流能力,体积流量最大提升至35.7 m^(3)/h。流场分析发现,变弦长叶片设计的叶轮沿叶高方向的流量分布更均匀,特别是在靠近轮盖侧速度小于0的区域,流量几乎消除,轮盘截面的通流占比提升29.8%,叶道回流现象得到明显改善,变弦长叶片叶轮的做功能力更强。优化后,变弦长叶片多翼离心风机的气动性能得到显著提高,大流量方向的工况范围得以拓宽,小流量工况下的效率提升了4.9%,风机的静压能力最大提高了91.1 Pa。研究为多翼离心风机内部流动控制、多翼离心风机变弦长叶片优化设计提供了理论基础和工程实践。

多翼离心风机双圆弧叶片设计及其性能优势分析

在限定直径下对某吸油烟机用多翼离心风机的单圆弧叶片进行双圆弧改型,研究了加、减速2种双圆弧叶型对风机性能的影响,并对单双圆弧叶型各自的性能优势展开对比分析.通过计算流体力学数值预测不同叶型方案的整机风压及效率,确定单圆弧叶片进口安装角的最佳取值区间应在最小冲击损失设计的基础上预设20.0°~30.0°冲角,而综合风机压力和效率,单圆弧叶片出口安装角的最佳取值为165.0°~173.0°.对于进口安装角匹配不佳的单圆弧叶片,采用减速型双圆弧叶片可同时提高风机压力和效率;但对于已经优选过的单圆弧叶型,则反而需向加速型双圆弧改型,风机压力小幅度提高但效率稍有降低.对比同叶片进出口角的单圆弧叶片,加速型双圆弧叶片做功重心前移的同时,吸力面二次分离得到抑制;其叶道更难被蜗舌回流贯穿,有利于风机小流量工况下的气动性能.

基于USB3.0的多通道叶尖间隙数据采集系统设计

动叶片与发动机机匣之间的叶尖间隙参数是反映航空发动机工作性能和运行安全的关键状态参数之一。多级多叶片叶尖间隙同时进行测量时,叶尖间隙测量数据量巨大,多通道数据快速处理与传输至关重要。设计了基于USB3.0的4通道叶尖间隙数据采集系统,提出了全采集和在板处理两种数据处理方法。利用FPGA高速并行处理多路ADC量化数据,通过USB3.0总线将预处理后数据传输至计算机,以进行数据后处理、显示与存储。通过实验验证了数据采集系统的有效性,USB3.0接口的数据传输带宽可达400 MB/s,系统理论上可扩展至32通道叶尖间隙信号输入。数据采集系统可同时满足叶尖间隙离线数据分析和实时在线监测的不同测量需求,设计方法在叶尖间隙测量工程应用方面具有重要意义。