Tubular Heat Enhancement Using Twisted Tape Inserts with Large Holes

Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fillers inside the tubes to enhance heat transfer.This investigation considered the effects of twisted tapes with large holes on a tubular heat exchanger’s(HX)heat transmission,pressure drop,and thermal boosting factor.In the experimental section,counter-swirl flow generators used twisted tapes with pairs of 1.0 cm-diameter holes and changes in porosity(Rp)at 1.30%and 2.70%.In the experiments,air was utilized as a working fluid in a tube with a circular cross-section.The turbulent flow was considered,with Reynolds numbers(Re)domain from 4800 to 9500,and a boundary condition with a uniform wall heat flux was constructed.The findings expound that when the number of holes rose,the Nusselt number(Nu),the factor of friction(f),and the thermal enhancement factor(η)all increased as well.Additionally,as the friction factor increased,the Nusselt number of the tape-equipped tube was noticeably higher.Additionally,it was discovered that the friction factor was between 70%and 94%lower than the values of the tube without tape,while the(Nu)was between 87%and 97%higher than the conventional tube values.The maximum value ofηis 89%.According to the experimental results,empirical correlations for Nu,f,andηwere also generated.

Pipes with Trapezoidal Cut Twisted Tape Inserts in the Laminar Flow Regime:Nusselt Number and Friction Coefficient Analysis

The thermal behavior of pipes with a twisted tape inside(used to enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)is studied in the laminar flow regime.Oil is used as the work fluid with the corresponding Reynolds Number spanning the interval 200–2000.It is found that in such conditions the‘Nusselt Number’(Nu)gradually increases with reducing the tape twist ratio,whereas the friction factor is detrimentally affected by the presence of the tape(as witnessed by the comparison with the companion case where a plain tube is considered).In particular,it is shown that the heat transfer efficiency can be improved by nearly 69%if tape inserts with a relatively low twist ratio are used.On the basis of these findings,it is concluded that loose fit tape inserts are superior to tight fit tapes in terms of heat transfer and ease of replacement.

Analysis of Friction and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Tubes with Trapezoidal Cut Twisted Tape Inserts

The thermo-hydraulic properties of circular tubes with a twisted tape inside(used accordingly to induce turbulence and enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)are described for Reynolds Numbers ranging from 830 to 1990.Tapes twisted with the three distinct twist ratios are considered,namely,6,4.4 and 3.Air is used as the working fluid in several tests.For the sake of comparison,the standard tube with no insert is also examined.It is shown that in the presence of the twisted tape,the‘frictional factor’,‘Nusselt Number’and the‘thermal performance factor’are much higher than those obtained for the plain tube.Moreover,the tapes having the lowest twist ratio,i.e.,3,are more effective than the others in terms of heat transfer augmentation.The‘thermal performance factor’is greater than one for all the twisted tapes used in the experiments,which confirms the enhanced performances of the heat exchanger and the related savings in terms of total energy.

Turbulent Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tube Fitted with Square-cut Twisted Tape

热转移，磨擦因素和双管子热 exchanger 的热改进因素特征与方形切割的扭曲的磁带(STT ) 适合，平凡扭曲的磁带(PTT ) 作为工作液体用水试验性地被调查。磁带(STT 和 PTT ) 让三扭曲比率(y = 2.0， 4.4 和 6.0 ) 并且从 2000 ～ 12000 的雷纳兹数字范围。试验性的结果在与 STT 装备的试管揭示那热转移率，磨擦因素和热改进因素比与 PTT 适合的那些显著地高。在 STT 产生的试管墙的附近的另外的骚乱和第二等的流动与由 PTT 导致了那相比是更高的为更好的性能作为原因被提交。在考虑的范围上，在有 STT 的一个试管的 Nusselt 数字，磨擦因素和热改进因素是分别地，在有 PTT 的试管的那些的 1.03 ～ 1.14， 1.05 ～ 1.25 和 1.02 ～ 1.06 次。实验关联也被提出为 STT 和 PTT 与 Nusselt 数字和磨擦因素的试验性的数据匹配。

Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Studies in a Circular Tube Fitted with Twisted Tape Consisting of Wire-nails

This paper deals with the experimental investigation on Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal en-hancement factor of a double pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape consisting wire nails(WN-TT) and plain twisted tapes(P-TT) with three different twist ratios of y 2.0,4.4 and 6.0. Test runs are conducted using the water as the working fluid with Reynolds number range between 2000 and 12000 for WN-TT and P-TT. It is found that Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with WN-TT appreciably higher than those in the tube fitted with P-TT and plain tube. Over the range considered Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in a tube with WN-TT are respectively,1.08 to 1.31,1.1 to 1.75 and 1.05 to 1.13 times of those in tube with P-TT. The better performance of WN-TT is due to combined effects of the follow-ing factors:(1) common swirling flow generated by P-TT,(2) additional turbulence offered by the wire nails. Em-pirical correlations for Nusselt number,friction factor and thermal enhancement factor are also formulated from the experimental results of WN-TT and P-TT.

Thermal performance of tubular heat exchanger with multiple twisted-tape inserts

The paper presents an experimental investigation on enhanced heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics by using single, double, triple, and quadruple twisted-tape inserts in a round tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wall.The investigation has been conducted in the heat exchanger tube inserted with various twisted-tape numbers for co- and counter-twist arrangements for the turbulent air flow, Reynolds number(Re) from 5300 to 24000. The typical single twisted-tape inserts at two twist ratios, y/w = 4 and 5, are used as the base case, while the other multiple twisted-tape inserts are at y/w = 4 only. The experimental results of heat transfer and pressure drop in terms of Nusselt number(Nu) and friction factor(f), respectively, reveal that Nu increases with the increment of Re and of twisted-tape number. The values of Nu for the inserted tube are in a range of 1.15–2.12 times that for the plain tube while f is 1.9–4.1 times. The thermal enhancement factor of the inserted tube under similar pumping power is evaluated and found to be above unity except for the single and the double co-twisted tapes. The quadruple counter-twisted tape insert provides the maximum thermal performance.

Compound Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Converging-Diverging Tube with Evenly Spaced Twisted-tapes

压力落下和一个收敛分叉试管与的复合的热转移特征均匀地， spaced 扭曲磁带(CD-T 试管) 试验性地被调查了。打漩被产生由均匀地，变化在的 spaced 扭曲磁带元素扭动比率和旋转角度。空间比率也在特征上有重要效果。为比较，在一个光滑的圆形的试管的实验和收敛分叉(CD ) ，没有扭曲磁带的试管被执行。在四之中的最好的表演扭曲磁带打的有扭曲比率 y=4.72 和 180 °有的旋转角度θ = 的扭曲磁带在这篇论文介绍了的结果表演。在，从 3400 ～ 20000 的雷纳兹数字空格比率 s=48.6，热转移效率索引，当雷纳兹数字增加，增加，是 0.85 1.21 和 1.07 1.15 分别地与没有扭曲磁带的一个光滑的圆形的试管和一个 CD 试管的相比插入。

Investigation for Natural Convection Heat Transfer of Sucrose Solution Using a Converging and Diverging Tube with Regularly——spaced Twisted Tapes

The natural convection heat transfer of a 60% sucrose solution in a vertical converging-diverging tube(CD) with regularly-spaced twisted tapes(RSTT) has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The effects of wall temperature and number of RSTT on the Nusselt number were studied in detail. The distributions of velocity and temperature in the 60% sucrose solution were studied and the simulated results of CD with RSTT were compared with those of the smooth tube. The influence of Rayleigh number and RSTT on the Nusselt number was conducted experimentally. The results indicate that the Nusselt number of the 60% sucrose solution obviously increased with the number of RSTT but increased inconspicuously with 2 and more twisted tapes. The simulation shows that the distance for achieving an optimal heat transfer performance is 46 times the diameter of the tube. The mechanism of the natural convection heat transfer enhancement of the 60% sucrose solution in relationship with the CD and the RSTT was analyzed, and the change of average tangential velocity with the axial distance was presented to demonstrate that the enhancement of heat transfer was realized mainly because of the increase in tangential velocity.

Thermohydraulics of Turbulent Flow Through Heat Exchanger Tubes Fitted with Circular-rings and Twisted Tapes

circular-ring turbulators (CRT ) 和扭曲的磁带(TT ) 的影响打漩在一个圆试管的热转移改进，压力落下和热表演因素特征上的发电机被报导。circular-ring turbulators 个别地被采用并且和扭曲的磁带打漩在试管的激烈的节的发电机。三不同沥青比率(l/D = 1.0， 1.5，和 2.0 ) CRT 和三不同扭曲比率(y/W = 3， 4，和 5 ) TT 被介绍。实验在一个一致的墙热流动条件下面作为工作液体用空气被进行，为在 6000 和 20000 之间的雷纳兹数字。试验性的结果表明热转移率，磨擦因素和联合 CRT 和 TT 的热表演因素独自比 CRT 的那些更加高。为检验的范围，在与联合设备装备的试管，分别地，吝啬的 Nusselt 数字，磨擦因素和热性能的增加在在试管的那些上是 25.8% ， 82.8% 和 6.3% 与 CRT 独自一个。1.42 的最高热的表演因素被作出对有利的裁决与 l/D = 由 CRT 组成的联合设备 1.0 并且有 y/W = 的 TT 3。Nusselt 数字，磨擦因素和有联合设备的试管的热表演因素的关联也以雷纳兹数字， Prandtl 数字，扭曲比率和沥青比率被开发。

Thermal performance assessment of self-rotating twisted tapes and Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticle in a circular pipe

In view of the practical importance of the heat transfer devices in various thermal engineering fields including chemical and nuclear engineering,this study aims at developing an effective method of heat transfer enhancement by using selfrotating twisted tapes(SRTTs)and Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles.The effect of the selfrotating twisted tapes and Al2O3 nanoparticles on the thermal performance was comprehensively investigated in a circular pipe.The experimental results indicated the heat transfer rate was effectively improved by SRTTs in comparison of plain tube.In addition,the heat transfer multiplier with SRTTs decreased from 1.38 to 1.08 with the Reynolds number increasing from 19,322 to 64,407,while the friction factor multiplier decreased from 1.61 to 1.32.Besides,the results indicated that the employment of Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles and SRTTs demonstrated superior thermal performance to the single SRTTs.As Reynolds number increases from 19,322 to 64,407,the heat transfer multiplier decreased from 2.08 to 1.18 in the mass concentration of 3.0%and from 1.38 to 1.08 in mass concentration of 0.0%.Finally,the new heat transfer and friction factor correlations considering the combined effect of Al2O3 nanoparticle and SRTTs were developed within 10%deviation of experimental values.

The Current Situation of the Study on Twisted Tape Inserts in Pipe Exchangers

热转移改进包括热 exchangers，空调，和制冷系统在许多应用程序被使用；因此许多研究人员在热转移改进上进行了试验性、数字的研究并且开发了各种各样的技术和方法。作为一种被动的热转移技术，扭曲了磁带广泛地为他们他们容易被建立的费用积蓄，更低的维护要求和事实在各种各样的工业被使用。这篇论文介绍扭曲的磁带的热转移改进的原则并且考察一些研究人员在最近的年里在这种技术上做的试验性的工作。不同地修改的扭曲的磁带插入广泛地被研究并且过去常为热 exchangers 提高热转移效率。扭曲的磁带处于低 Re 条件并且在方形的试管更好表现。然而，他们能也引起更高的压力落下。如果他们能在传统的热 exchangers 被使用，扭曲的磁带有大潜在、深刻的含意。除这以外，在 Nusselt 数字和磨擦因素之间的一些关联在这篇论文被介绍。

Heat transfer in turbulent tube flow inserted with loose-fit multi-channel twisted tapes as swirl generators

Heat transfer and flow behaviors in three-dimensional circular tubes with loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes were numerically studied. The investigation was examined for Reynolds numbers （Re） ranging from 5000 to 15,000, by using air as testing fluid. Effects of the multiple channel number （N = 2, 3, and 4）, clearance ratio （CR = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075） on heat transfer enhancement and flow friction were examined. The numerical results indicate that the tubes with loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes perform higher heat transfer rates than the plain tube. The enhanced heat transfer rate is escorted with larger pressure drop. Both heat transfer and pressure drop increase with increasing multiple channel number （N） and decreasing clearance ratio （CR）. Heat transfer augmented by the loose-fit multiple channel twisted tape with N = 4 is higher than those enhanced by the ones with N = 2 and 3 by around 9.5-17.8% and 5.8-7.8%, respectively. In addition, the loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes with clearance ratio of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 give lower heat transfer rates than the one with CR = 0.0 by around 8.4%, 17.5%, and 28.8%, respectively.

Simulation of Heat Transfer in a Tubular Pipe Using Different Twisted Tape Inserts

This paper performs a simulation study of the heat transfer phenomena in a tubular U-loop pipe. We have investigated the enhancement of heat transfer with mass flow in a pipe without insert, with full length and short length twisted tape inserts. The length of the pipe is approximately 2436.80 mm long with 29 mm inner and 33 mm outer diameter respectively. A constant heat flux is taken which generated the boundary layer of the pipe close to the flowing fluid around the boundary. The simulations are considered for the stationary and the time dependent module for 35 seconds with different length of inserts. The comparisons are made among the results. We observed that the transfer of heat is enhanced significantly with the increase of the length of inserts inside the computational domain. We also found that, full length twisted tape inserts are more effective than comparing with the short length inserts and without insert.

内置多叶扭带的碳化硅换热管强化传热特性研究

为了研究碳化硅换热管的流动和传热特性,达到增强综合换热能力的目的。采用数值模拟方法对内置4种不同结构扭带的换热管进行分析,确定四叶扭带模型作为后续研究对象,对比了在4种自定义的节距和宽度两种结构参数下,不同入口风速工况的换热管的热力性能。结果表明:扭带宽度对换热管的换热能力相较于节距具有更显著的强化作用,四叶扭带节距为360 mm、宽度为45 mm时换热管的综合换热能力最强,为1.59,此时换热管的努塞尔数相较光管提升了244.37%。

纳米流体在内置扭带管中的流动传热特性研究进展

随着世界能源消耗与日俱增,能源短缺问题已经成为当下不得不解决的难题。而换热过程往往伴随着大量的能源浪费,所以提升换热效率势在必行。扭带内插物作为常见的被动强化换热元件由于其操作简单、成本低的特点成为换热行业的宠儿。另一方面,纳米流体作为新兴换热工质,其良好的热物性能也让研究人员找到了方向,从而将扭带内插物与纳米流体结合,实现双重强化换热,大大提升了换热效率。

齿状凹槽型扭带深度比对管内传热特性的影响

为探究齿状凹槽型扭带的凹槽深度比e对换热管换热特性的影响规律,通过数值模拟方法,在雷诺数Re=800~1600范围内恒壁温条件下,分别对内置深度比e为1/3、1/2、2/3、1的齿状凹槽型扭带管内传热性能进行了探究。研究结果显示:凹槽深度越大,努塞尔数Nu与PEC值均随凹槽深度的增加而增大,其中凹槽深度比e=1时换热管的PEC值明显高于其他扭带。

非均匀高热通量内置纽带冷却通道阻力特性分析

以托卡马克装置中偏滤器的靶板水冷通道为背景,实验研究了非均匀热通量下有、无内置纽带的圆形冷却通道的阻力特性。工质为去离子水,主要参数为:质量流速G为(3~8)×10^(3)kg/(m^(2)∙s)、实验段入口压力P为3MPa、4.2MPa、5MPa、等效单侧辐射热通量qe为5~10MW/m^(2)。采用通电方式对偏置圆形通道进行加热,来模拟偏滤器受到高温等离子体的单侧辐射加热。对非均匀高热通量下的竖直上升圆形冷却通道进行流动阻力实验。详细讨论了内置纽带结构以及q_(e)、G、P等系统参数对实验段阻力dP的影响:在单相流动区,实验段阻力主要受到内置纽带、质量流速和热通量的影响,有内置纽带的阻力显著高于无纽带的工况,且qe越低,G越高,则dP越大;在欠热沸腾流动区,dP与内置纽带、q_(e)、G、P均有相关性:其中内置纽带和G对dP的影响减小,P对dP的影响增强。q_(e)越高、G越高、P越低的工况,dP越大。对受热圆形通道的单相阻力关联式进行评估,结果表明:几乎所有关联式都高估了给定黏度比下的阻力系数比。根据实验数据拟合出适用于高质量流速和非均匀高热通量下的单相流动阻力关联式,其均方根误差为3.17%。

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THERMAL-HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF A CIRCULAR TUBE WITH EDGEFOLD-TWISTED-TAPE INSERTS

Three-dimensional numerical simulations and experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics and the pressure drop of air flow in a circular tube with Edgefold-Twisted Tape （ETT） inserts and with classic Spiral-Twisted-Tape （STT） inserts of the same twist ratio. The RNG turbulence model for mildly swirling flows, the enhanced wall treatment for low Reynolds numbers, and the SIMPLE pressure-velocity method were adopted to simulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics. Within the range of Reynolds number from 2 500 to 9 500 and the twist ratio y from 5.4 to 11.4, the Nusselt number of the tube with ETT inserts is found to be 3.9% - 9.2% higher than that with STT inserts, and the friction factor of the tube with ETT inserts is 8.7% - 74% higher than that of STT inserts. The heat enhancement is due to higher tangential velocity and asymmetrical velocity profile with the increase and decrease of the periodic velocity within an edgefold length. It is found that main factors affecting the heat transfer of ETT inserts are the twist angle and the gap width between the tube and inserts. A larger twist angle leads to a higher tangential velocity, and larger Nusselt number and friction factor. The thermal-hydraulic performance slowly decreases as the twist angle increases. The gap width between tube and inserts has a significant influence on the heat transfer, while little influence on pressure drops. The thermal-hydraulic performance increases in average by 124% and 140% when the gap width reduces from 1.5 mm to 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm. The larger the gap width, the higher velocity through the gap will be, which would reduce the main flow velocity and tangential velocity. So a small gap is desirable. Comparing experimental and numerical results at variable air flow and tube wall temperature, the numerical results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the experiment results, with difference of the Nusselt number in a range of 1.6% - 3.6%, and that of the friction factor in a range of 8.2% - 13.6%.

Heat transfer characteristics in micro-fin tube equipped with double twisted tapes: Effect of twisted tape and micro-fin tube arrangements

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the influence of double twisted-tape inserts （DTs） in micro-fin tubes （MFs） on heat transfer, friction factor and thermal performance factor characteristics of the compound devices in the following configurations： （1） twisted tapes acted in the same direction （for co-swirl） while MF and twisted tapes acted in the same （parallel） direction （MF-CoDTs：P）, （2） twisted tapes acted in the same direction （for co-swirl） while micro-fin tube and twisted tapes acted in opposite directions （MF-CoDTs：O） and （3） twisted tapes acted in opposite directions for counter swirl （MF-CDTs）. The MF alone and the MF equipped with a single twisted tape in parallel/opposite arrangement were also considered for comparison. The experiments were conducted for the flows with the Reynolds numbers between 5 650 and 17 000, under uniform heat flux condition. The experimental results indicate that MF-CDTs induce stronger swirl/turbulence flow, resulting in higher heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal performance factor than other combined devices. The thermal performance factors associated with the use of MF-CDTs were found to be higher than those associated with the uses of MF-CoDTs：P, MF-CoDTs：O and MF alone up to 9.3%, 6.5% and 56.4%, respectively. The empirical correlations developed using the present experimental data for the Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor are also reported.

内置扭带管内湍流流动与传热数值模拟

为了提高内置扭带管的综合性能,开发了一种三边扭带,并对空管、普通扭带管、格栅扭带管及三边扭带管内流体流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟.以水为工质,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,扭带扭率y=2.0,取Re=5 000~30 000,计算了扭带管内努赛尔数Nu、阻力系数f和综合性能评价因子η,与同工况下空管进行了对比.结果表明,相比于空管、普通扭带管和格栅扭带管,三边扭带管的综合性能较好,其η值比空管高出11.9%~33.2%.