Role of heterogenous microstructure and deformation behavior in achieving superior strength-ductility synergy in zinc fabricated via laser powder bed fusion

Zinc(Zn)is considered a promising biodegradable metal for implant applications due to its appropriate degradability and favorable osteogenesis properties.In this work,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing was employed to fabricate pure Zn with a heterogeneous microstructure and exceptional strength-ductility synergy.An optimized processing window of LPBF was established for printing Zn samples with relative densities greater than 99%using a laser power range of 80∼90 W and a scanning speed of 900 mm s−1.The Zn sample printed with a power of 80 W at a speed of 900 mm s−1 exhibited a hierarchical heterogeneous microstructure consisting of millimeter-scale molten pool boundaries,micrometer-scale bimodal grains,and nanometer-scale pre-existing dislocations,due to rapid cooling rates and significant thermal gradients formed in the molten pools.The printed sample exhibited the highest ductility of∼12.1%among all reported LPBF-printed pure Zn to date with appreciable ultimate tensile strength(∼128.7 MPa).Such superior strength-ductility synergy can be attributed to the presence of multiple deformation mechanisms that are primarily governed by heterogeneous deformation-induced hardening resulting from the alternative arrangement of bimodal Zn grains with pre-existing dislocations.Additionally,continuous strain hardening was facilitated through the interactions between deformation twins,grains and dislocations as strain accumulated,further contributing to the superior strength-ductility synergy.These findings provide valuable insights into the deformation behavior and mechanisms underlying exceptional mechanical properties of LPBF-printed Zn and its alloys for implant applications.

Synergy of inside doped metals–Outside coated graphene to enhance hydrogen storage in magnesium-based alloys

Grain growth of magnesium(Mg)and its hydride is one of the main reasons for kinetic and capacity degradation during the hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles.To solve this problem,herein we propose a novel method involving synergistic effect of inside embedded metals and outside coated graphene to limit the growth of Mg and its hydride grains.The graphene coated Mg-Y-Al alloys were selected as a model system for demonstrating this positive effect where the Mg_(91)Y_(3)Al_(6)alloy was first prepared by rapidly solidified method and then high-pressure milled with 5 wt%graphene upon 5 MPa hydrogen gas for obtaining in-situ formed YAl_(2)and YH_(3)embedded in the MgH_(2)matrix with graphene shell(denoted as MgH_(2)-Y-Al@GR).In comparison to pure MgH_(2),the obtained MgH_(2)-Y-Al@GR composites deliver much better kinetics and more stable cyclic performance.For instance,the MgH_(2)-Y-Al@GR can release about 6.1 wt%H_(2)within 30 min at 300℃ but pure MgH_(2)only desorbs∼1.5 wt%H_(2).The activation energy for desorption of MgH_(2)-Y-Al@GR samples is calculated to be 75.3±9.1 kJ/mol that is much lower than approximately 160 kJ/mol for pure MgH_(2).Moreover,its capacity retention is promoted from∼57%of pure MgH_(2)to∼84%after 50th cycles without obvious particle agglomeration and grain growth.The synergistic effect of outside graphene coating with inside embedded metals which could provide a huge number of active sites for catalysis as well as inhibit the grain growth of Mg and its hydride is believed to be responsible for these.

Tuning synergy between nickel and iron in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites through controllable crystal dimensionalities towards enhanced oxygenevolving activity and stability

Ni-Fe-based oxides are among the most promising catalysts developed to date for the bottleneck oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water electrolysis.However,understanding and mastering the synergy of Ni and Fe remain challenging.Herein,we report that the synergy between Ni and Fe can be tailored by crystal dimensionality of Ni,Fe-contained Ruddlesden-Popper(RP)-type perovskites(La_(0.125)Sr_(0.875))n+1(Ni_(0.25)Fe_(0.75))nO3n+1(n=1,2,3),where the material with n=3 shows the best OER performance in alkaline media.Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy spectra before and after OER reveal that the material with n=3 shows enhanced Ni/Fe-O covalency to boost the electron transfer as compared to those with n=1 and n=2.Further experimental investigations demonstrate that the Fe ion is the active site and the Ni ion is the stable site in this system,where such unique synergy reaches the optimum at n=3.Besides,as n increases,the proportion of unstable rock-salt layers accordingly decreases and the leaching of ions(especially Sr^(2+))into the electrolyte is suppressed,which induces a decrease in the leaching of active Fe ions,ultimately leading to enhanced stability.This work provides a new avenue for rational catalyst design through the dimensional strategy.

Tailoring the microenvironment of Ti sites in Ti-containing materials for synergizing with Au sites to boost propylene epoxidation

Au sites supported on Ti-containing materials(Au/Ti-containing catalyst)are currently considered as a promising catalyst for the propylene epoxidation owing to the synergistic effect that hydrogen peroxide species formed on Au sites diffuses to the Ti sites to form the Ti-hydroperoxo intermedi-ates and contributes to the formation of propylene oxide(PO).In principle,thermal treatment will significantly affect the chemical and physical structures of Ti-containing materials.Consequently,the synergy between tailored Ti sites with different surface properties and Au sites is highly expected to enhance the catalytic performance for the reaction.Herein,we systematically studied the intrinsic effects of different microenvironments around Ti sites on the PO adsorption/desorption and conversion,and then effectively improved the catalytic performance by tailoring the number of surface hydroxyl groups.The Ti^(Ⅵ) material with fewer hydroxyls stimulates a remarkable enhancement in PO selectivity and H_(2) efficiency compared to the Ti^(Ⅵ) material that possessed more hydroxyls,offering a 7-fold and 4-fold increase,respectively.As expected,the Ti^(Ⅵ+Ⅳ) and Ti^(Ⅳ) materials also exhibit a similar phenomenon to the Ti^(Ⅵ) materials through the same thermal treatment,which strongly supports that the Ti sites microenvironment is an important factor in suppressing PO con-version and enhancing catalytic performance.These insights could provide guidance for the rational preparation and optimization of Ti-containing materials synergizing with Au catalysts for propylene epoxidation.

Trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services in Yutian County along the Keriya River Basin,Northwest China

The Keriya River Basin is located in an extremely arid climate zone on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin of Northwest China,exhibiting typical mountain-oasis-desert distribution characteristics.In recent decades,climate change and human activities have exerted significant impacts on the service functions of watershed ecosystems.However,the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services(ESs)have not been thoroughly examined.This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal changes in ESs within the Keriya River Basin from 1995 to 2020 as well as the trade-offs and synergies between ESs.Leveraging the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)and Revised Wind Erosion Equation(RWEQ)using land use/land cover(LULC),climate,vegetation,soil,and hydrological data,we quantified the spatiotemporal changes in the five principal ESs(carbon storage,water yield,food production,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality)of the watershed from 1995 to 2020.Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the trade-offs and synergies between ES pairs.The findings reveal that water yield,carbon storage,and habitat quality exhibited relatively high levels in the upstream,while food production and wind and sand prevention dominated the midstream and downstream,respectively.Furthermore,carbon storage,food production,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality demonstrated an increase at the watershed scale while water yield exhibited a decline from 1995 to 2020.Specifically,carbon storage,wind and sand prevention,and habitat quality presented an upward trend in the upstream but downward trend in the midstream and downstream.Food production in the midstream showed a continuously increasing trend during the study period.Trade-off relationships were identified between water yield and wind and sand prevention,water yield and carbon storage,food production and water yield,and habitat quality and wind and sand prevention.Prominent temporal and spatial synergistic relationships were observed between different ESs,notably between carbon storage and habitat quality,carbon storage and food production,food production and wind and sand prevention,and food production and habitat quality.Water resources emerged as a decisive factor for the sustainable development of the basin,thus highlighting the intricate trade-offs and synergies between water yield and the other four services,particularly the relationship with food production,which warrants further attention.This research is of great significance for the protection and sustainable development of river basins in arid areas.

Trade-Offs and Synergie Effects of Regulating Ecosystem Services along an Climatic Gradient in Slovakia

This study aims to assess the synergies and trade-offs of regulating ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are non-linearly interconnected and changes in one service can positively or negatively affect another. We evaluated ecosystem services based on biophysical indicators using an expert scoring system that determines the corresponding soil functions and is part of the existing databases available in Slovakia. This methodological combination enabled us to provide unique mapping and assessment of ecosystem services within Slovakia. Correlation analysis between individual regulating ecosystem services and climate regions, slope, texture, and altitude confirm the statistically significant influence of climate and slope in all agricultural land, arable land, and grassland ecosystems. Statistically significant synergistic effects were established between the regulation of the water regime and the regulation of soil erosion within each climate region, apart from the very warm climate region. Only in a very warm climate region was potential of regulating ecosystem services mutually beneficial for soil erosion control and soil cleaning potential (immobilization of inorganic pollutants).

医科达Synergy医用电子直线加速器故障维修六例

放射治疗是利用放射线治疗肿瘤的医疗方式[1]。医用电子直线加速器作为医院开展放射治疗的重要医疗设备,在肿瘤治疗中发挥重要作用。同时,医用电子直线加速器的技术结构复杂,组成模块、系统、零部件多,集成度高,设备具有“唯一性”、故障风险大等特点,如出现故障不能及时解决,可影响患者治疗效果,严重时甚至会造成不可逆性的重大损伤[2]。目前,医科达Synergy医用电子直线加速器的市场占有率较高,其通信模块较多、运动结构相对复杂,故障率较高。本研究以我院在用的医科达Synergy医用电子直线加速器为例,对其结构原理及6例故障维修过程进行总结分析,以供同行借鉴和参考。

Spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their trade-offs and synergies against the background of the gully control and land consolidation project on the Loess Plateau,China

Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.

Synergy Decision for Radar and IRST Data Fusion

A new synergy decision method for radar and infrared search and track (IRST) data fusion is proposed, to solve such problems as how to decrease opportunities for radar suffering from being locked on by adverse electronic support measures (ESM), how to retrieve range information of the target during radar off, and how to detect the maneuver of the target. Firstly, polynomials used to predict target motion states are constructed. Secondly, a set of discriminants for detecting target maneuver are established by comparing the predicted values with the observations from IRST. Thirdly, a set of decisions are presented. Lastly, simulation is performed on the given scenario to test the validity of the method.

医科达Synergy医用直线加速器运动故障分析与处理

放射治疗是目前肿瘤治疗的主要手段之一,随着科学技术的发展,医用电子直线加速器已成为现代放射治疗领域的主流设备。南通市肿瘤医院2012年和2015年先后引进2台瑞典医科达Synergy高能医用电子直线加速器,该直线加速器为360 °旋转的鼓状结构,加速管为行波加速管,真空器件（如枪灯丝等）可以拆卸更换,能产生多档高能X射线和电子线,配备XVI和iViewGT影像平板,满足各种类型与不同部位的深度肿瘤放射治疗。

医科达Synergy加速器多叶准直器常见故障维修

0引言 随着精确放疗技术在临床上的广泛应用,多叶准直器已经成为医用直线加速器的标准配置。医科达Synergy医用直线加速器采用内置式多叶准直器,由40对叶片、光学系统部分（反光点、摄像机、光源、反光镜）、电路控制与传输部分（电信号控制处理、电动机驱动部分）、机械部分（电动机、丝杆部分）等组成。

一种医科达Synergy加速器MLC摄像头故障的检测方法

目的:介绍摄像头故障检测方式。方法:通过检测摄像头周围光学硬件系统,分析光学优化软件值,结合摄像头使用年限判断摄像头故障。结果:在摄像头故障时,光学优化结果的反光点宽度均值整体偏低。结论:在摄像头周围光学硬件系统正常的前提下,optics optimization优化结果的Ave值可以作为判断其故障的重要依据。

英国牛津术中监护仪Synergy 5ch系统软件等故障维修

介绍了牛津术中监护仪Synergy 5ch系统软件的4例故障的分析及排除过程。

SYNERGY复合树脂与银汞合金充填Ⅱ类洞的疗效对比

目的 比较SYNERGY复合树脂和银汞合金充填Ⅱ类洞的临床疗效。方法 应用两种材料分别充填Ⅱ类洞 ,随访两年对牙齿敏感、边缘密合度、牙合面或邻面形态及修复体折裂等方面作出评价。结果 两种材料充填后牙合面或邻面形态无显著性差异 ,而边缘密合度、修复体折裂、牙齿敏感等方面两治疗组间差异显著 ,前者优于后者。结论 SYNERGY复合树脂的综合性能优于银汞合金 。

Synergy:从Bobath法出发的认识

2008年11月,在中国康复研究中心首次召开＂成人神经系统疾病的Bobath理论基础学习班＂[1-2],到2011年5月共举办3期。学习班学员对于理论和治疗技术的提问越来越尖锐。在2011年5月结束的第3期基础学习班上,有学员提出了Babath法如何看待Brunnstrom法或对于synergy（共同运动）

前交叉韧带重建患者步行时患侧腿部肌肉协同特征与步态稳定性的相关性

背景:现有研究初步总结了前交叉韧带重建患者步行时患侧腿肌肉活动与步态稳定性的潜在关联,然而存在观测肌肉类别不全、观测步行动作阶段不完整、未考量多块肌肉间协同作用等问题,亟待进一步完善该研究。目的:监测前交叉韧带重建患者步行时患侧腿部肌肉协同信息,分析肌肉协同信息与步态稳定性的关联。方法:招募24例男性前交叉韧带重建患者,年龄(21.66±4.09)岁,采集受试者步行时患肢的肌电数据与压力中心数据,采用非负矩阵分解算法提取患肢的肌肉协同元参与数量、肌肉协同元峰值激活用时及肌肉相对权重指标,并与压力中心指标进行相关性分析。结果与结论:①累计解析出6类肌肉协同元参与步行活动,其中肌肉协同元参与数量与患者步态压力中心横向位移距离、横向位移速度无显著相关性。在肌肉协同元峰值激活用时方面,主导步态承重反应期的协同元3峰值激活用时与患者步态压力中心横向位移距离、横向位移速度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.413,P=0.045;r=-0.470,P=0.020),其余类型协同元的峰值激活用时与患者步态稳定性指标无显著相关性。在肌肉相对权重方面,主导步态承重反应期的协同元1的股直肌与患者步态压力中心横向位移距离、横向位移速度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.592,P=0.005;r=-0.529,P=0.014);主导承重反应期的协同元3的股二头肌的相对权重与患者步态压力中心横向位移距离呈显著负相关(r=-0.428,P=0.037)。②结果表明,前交叉韧带重建患者的中枢系统会系统调节步行时患肢肌肉协同活动以提升步态稳定性,具体表现为:延长主导承重反应期肌肉协同元激活时间,增强股四头肌的激活程度,以增强患侧腿落地时膝关节离心收缩控制能力,提升膝关节稳定性;增强承重反应期股二头肌激活程度,以增加患侧腿落地时膝关节屈曲程度,增强下肢落地缓冲功能。

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and synergistic effect between antibiotic and the essential oils of some medicinal plants

Objective:To demonstrate the in vitro antibacterial properties of five essential oils against ten bacterial strains and study the synergistic effect of the combination of essential oils with standard antibiotics.Methods:Origanum compactum,Chrysanthemum coronarium,Thymus willdenowii Boiss,Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana L.were used alone and combined used with standard antibiotics to evaluate their antimicrobial activities.The disk diffusion method was employed.Results:The results showed that the combined application of the essential oils of the plants with antibiotics led to a synergistic effect in some cases,but antagonistic effect was also observed in some bacteria.Conclusions:This study shows that the combination of essential oils of the five plants with antibiotics may be useful in the fight against emerging microbial drug resistance.

医科达Synergy直线加速器的常见故障及处理

随着放疗技术的发展和放疗设备的更新换代,放射治疗效果亦取得了质的飞跃[1]。医用电子直线加速器是现阶段实现肿瘤远距离精确放射治疗的主流大型医用设备,而医科达Synergy直线加速器是国内外使用较为广泛的直线加速器之一。由于直线加速器体积大、结构复杂、治疗准确度高,在频繁使用过程中,其出现故障的概率比较大。现将医科达Synergy直线加速器的常见故障及分析维修过程总结如下,以供同行参考。

Trade-offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Karst Area of China Driven by Grain-for-Green Program

As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.