Assessing the range of blasting-induced cracks in the surrounding rock of deeply buried tunnels based on the unified strength theory

Blasting-induced cracks in the rock surrounding deeply buried tunnels can result in water gushing and rock mass collapse,posing significant safety risks.However,previous theoretical studies on the range of blasting-induced cracks often ignore the impact of the in-situ stress,especially that of the intermediate principal stress.The particle displacement−crack radius relationship was established in this paper by utilizing the blasthole cavity expansion equation,and theoretical analytical formulas of the stress−displacement relationship and the crack radius were derived with unified strength theory to accurately assess the range of cracks in deep surrounding rock under a blasting load.Parameter analysis showed that the crushing zone size was positively correlated with in-situ stress,intermediate principal stress,and detonation pressure,whereas negatively correlated with Poisson ratio and decoupling coefficient.The dilatancy angle-crushing zone size relationship exhibited nonmonotonic behavior.The relationships in the crushing zone and the fracture zone exhibited opposite trends under the influence of only in-situ stress or intermediate principal stress.As the in-situ stress increased from 0 to 70 MPa,the rate of change in the crack range and the attenuation rate of the peak vibration velocity gradually slowed.

Transient response of doubly-curved bio-inspired composite shells resting on viscoelastic foundation subject to blast load using improved first-order shear theory and isogeometric approach

Investigating natural-inspired applications is a perennially appealing subject for scientists. The current increase in the speed of natural-origin structure growth may be linked to their superior mechanical properties and environmental resilience. Biological composite structures with helicoidal schemes and designs have remarkable capacities to absorb impact energy and withstand damage. However, there is a dearth of extensive study on the influence of fiber redirection and reorientation inside the matrix of a helicoid structure on its mechanical performance and reactivity. The present study aimed to explore the static and transient responses of a bio-inspired helicoid laminated composite(B-iHLC) shell under the influence of an explosive load using an isomorphic method. The structural integrity of the shell is maintained by a viscoelastic basis known as the Pasternak foundation, which encompasses two coefficients of stiffness and one coefficient of damping. The equilibrium equations governing shell dynamics are obtained by using Hamilton's principle and including the modified first-order shear theory,therefore obviating the need to employ a shear correction factor. The paper's model and approach are validated by doing numerical comparisons with respected publications. The findings of this study may be used in the construction of military and civilian infrastructure in situations when the structure is subjected to severe stresses that might potentially result in catastrophic collapse. The findings of this paper serve as the foundation for several other issues, including geometric optimization and the dynamic response of similar mechanical structures.

Destabilization analysis of overlapping underground chambers induced by blasting vibration with catastrophe theory

According to the main characters of overlapping underground chambers, the roof (floor) of two adjacent underground chambers is simplified to the mechanical model that is the beam with build-in ends. And vibration load due to blasting is simplified to harmonic wave. The catastrophic model of double cusp for underground chambers destabilization induced by blasting vibration has been established under the circumstances of considering deadweight of the beam, and the condition of destabilization has been worked out. The critical safety thickness of the roof (floor) of underground chambers has been confirmed according to the destabilization condition. The influence of amplitude and frequency of blasting vibration load on the critical safety thickness has been analyzed, and the quantitative relation between velocity, frequency of blasting vibration and critical safety thickness has been determined. Research results show that the destabilization of underground chambers is not only dependent on the amplitude and frequency of blasting vibration load, but also related to deadweight load and intrinsic attribute. It is accordant to testing results and some related latest research results of blasting seismic effect. With increasing amplitude, the critical safety thickness of underground chambers decreases gradually. And the possibility of underground chambers destabilization increases. When the frequency of blasting vibration is equal to or very close to the frequency of beam, resonance effect will take place in the system. Then the critical safety thickness will turn to zero, underground chambers will be damaged severely, and its loading capacity will lose on the whole.

Analysis of blasting vibration signal of high steep anti-dip layered rock slope

Blasting is one of the most economical and efficient mining methods in open-pit mine production.However,behind the huge benefits,it poses a hidden threat to the quality of slope rock mass,stability of slope,and safety of nearby buildings.In order to explore the influence of blasting vibration on the stability of anti-dip layered rock slopes,herein,the site near the large-scale toppling failure area of Changshanhao gold mine stope of Inner Mongolia Taiping Mining Co.,Ltd.was selected for on-site blasting test and monitoring.The Peak Particle Velocity(PPV)measured at the monitoring point is located on the lower side of the maximum allowable vibration velocity curve that is prepared based on the allowable speed standard evaluation chart in the full frequency domain established by standards practiced in various countries such as German DIN4150,the USBM RI 8507,and Chinese GB6722-2014.This indicates that the blasting vibration has less influence on the location of the monitoring point.The vibration signals obtained in the blasting test were analyzed using the wavelet packet theory,and it was concluded that the blasting vibration signals measured in the anti-dip layered rock slope were mainly concentrated in two frequency bands of 0-80 Hz and 115-160 Hz.The sum of energy of the two frequency bands accounted for more than 99%,wherein,the energy contained in the 0-80 Hz frequency band accounted for more than 85%of the monitoring signals.The vibration signal with 0-80 Hz frequency band monitored at the slope toe was selected for the energy attenuation analysis.The results showed that the energy attenuation decreased in radial,vertical,and tangential directions.Further,the Energy Attenuation Rate per Meter(EARPM)was calculated.In conjunction with the site characteristics analysis,it was found that the energy attenuation rate was significantly affected by the rock mass characteristics of the structural plane.The slope reinforcement project can effectively reduce the absorption of vibration energy by the slope and increase slope stability.

Experimental study on stemming effect in rock blasting

Based on the blasting theory and stress wave theory, stemming mechanism and movement of stemmed material in rock blasting were analyzed and the calculation expression of stemming lengths was deduced. The blasting experiment with different stemming lengths was carried out and the results show that the theoretical stemming length, which is 0.73 ~ 0.8 time of burden, is in the range of the experiential length, which is O. 63 - O. 88 time of burden. The blasting results of field experiments with theoretical stemming length are satisfactory, which shows the theoretical derivation and analysis are correct and reliable. The results will supply rock blasting with the theoretical gist of parameters design.

A case study of blasting vibration attenuation based on wave component characteristics

A typical blasting vibration wave is a composite wave,and its attenuation law is affected by the type of dominant wave component.The purpose of the present study is to establish an attenuation equation of the peak particle velocity(PPV),taking into account the attenuation characteristics of P-,S-and R-waves in the blasting vibration wave.Field blasting tests were carried out as a case to specifically apply the proposed equation.In view of the fact that the discrete properties of rock mass will inevitably cause the uncertainty of blasting vibration,we also carried out a probability analysis of PPV uncertainty,and introduced the concept of reliability to evaluate blasting vibration.The results showed that the established attenuation equation had a higher prediction accuracy,and can be considered as a promising equation implemented on more complex sites.The adopted uncertainty analysis method can comprehensively take account of the attenuation law of blasting vibration measured on site and discrete properties of rock masses.The obtained distribution of the PPV uncertainty factor can quantitatively evaluate the reliability of blasting vibration,which is a powerful and necessary supplement to the PPV attenuation equation.

V-BLAST系统中一种新的稳健的检测算法

V-BLAST系统有着非常高的频谱利用率,可以显著地提高系统容量。绝大多数的V-BLAST检测算法都要求接收端完全已知信道,如果信道有误差,性能会恶化。考虑到实际中的信道误差的影响,提出了一种基于子空间的稳健的检测算法,仿真结果表明:在信道估计有误差的情况下,该方法性能优于传统ZF算法和MMSE算法。

基于博弈论的BLAST系统干扰避免算法

针对BLAST(Bell labs layered space time)系统中其他小区的干扰会影响本小区BLAST接收机性能的缺点,提出一种基于博弈论的干扰避免算法.该算法为避免交互干扰,以最大化每个小区的平均信息量代替最大化所有小区的总信息量,并将BLAST系统中多个小区的干扰进行博弈论数学建模.仿真结果表明,该算法可减少小区间相互干扰,提高BLAST接收机的解码性能,增加BLAST接收机的互信息量.

Dust Distribution Study at the Blast Furnace Top Based on k-Sε-u_(p)Model

The dust distribution law acting at the top of a blast fumace(BF)is of great significance for understanding gas flow distribution and mitigating the negative influence of dust particles on the accuracy and service life of detection equipment.The harsh environment inside a BF makes it difficult to describe the dust disthibution.This paper adresses this problem by proposing a dust distribution k-Sε-u_(p)model based on interphase(gas-powder)coupling.The proposed model is coupled with a k-Sεmodel(which describes gas flow movement)and a u_(p)model(which depicts dust movement).First,the kinetic energy equation and turbulent dissipation rate equation in the k-Sεmodel are established based on the modeling theory and single Green-function two scale direct interaction approximation(SGF-TSDIA)theory.Second,a dust particle mnovement u_(p)model is built based on a force analysis of the dust and Newton's laws of motion.Finally,a coupling factor that descibes the interphase interaction is proposed,and the k-Sε-u_(p)model,with clear physical meaning.ligorous mathematical logic,and adequate generality,is dleveloped.Siumulation results and o-site verification show that the k-Sε-u_(p)model not only has high precision,but also reveals the aggregate distribution features of the dust,which are helpful in optimizing the installation position of the detection equipment and imnproving its accuracy and service life.

FastCluster: a graph theory based algorithm for removing redundant sequences

In many cases, biological sequence databases contain redundant sequences that make it difficult to achieve reliable statistical analysis. Removing the redundant sequences to find all the real protein families and their representatives from a large sequences dataset is quite important in bioinformatics. The problem of removing redundant protein sequences can be modeled as finding the maximum independent set from a graph, which is a NP problem in Mathematics. This paper presents a novel program named FastCluster on the basis of mathematical graph theory. The algorithm makes an improvement to Hobohm and Sander’s algorithm to generate non-redundant protein sequence sets. FastCluster uses BLAST to determine the similarity between two sequences in order to get better sequence similarity. The algorithm’s performance is compared with Hobohm and Sander’s algorithm and it shows that Fast- Cluster can produce a reasonable non-redundant pro- tein set and have a similarity cut-off from 0.0 to 1.0. The proposed algorithm shows its superiority in generating a larger maximal non-redundant (independent) protein set which is closer to the real result (the maximum independent set of a graph) that means all the protein families are clustered. This makes Fast- Cluster a valuable tool for removing redundant protein sequences.

岩石爆破基础理论研究进展与展望Ⅰ—本构关系

岩石爆破技术在国民经济建设中发挥着重要作用,尤其在资源开采、基础设施建设等领域.本文对岩石爆破本构关系进行了深入研究和探讨,在传统本构关系研究的基础上,提出了本构关系1.0、2.0和3.0的演化阶段,分别探讨了矛盾关系、能量平衡以及最小作用量理论.本构关系1.0从岩石与爆炸、冲击荷载的相互作用出发,强调了矛与盾的关系,重点分析了岩石材料的动态力学响应;本构关系2.0以能量为切入点,将含有节理裂隙、层理和腔体等缺陷以及显著各向异性的岩石视为复杂结构材料,研究荷载输入能量与材料破坏所需能量之间的动态平衡关系,解析结构强度与输入能、耗散能及可释放应变能之间的关联;本构关系3.0关注爆炸荷载下应力波的传播规律及其与介质破坏效应的关系,特别是通过最小作用量理论来优化能量的传播路径,提高炸药能量的利用效率.这些理论不仅揭示了岩石在不同荷载条件下的力学行为,还为优化爆破设计和改善爆破效果提供了理论依据.同时,本文结合人工智能和大数据技术,提出了岩石材料工程基因的概念,通过建立岩石基因库,系统化管理岩石的物理力学参数,构建性能预测模型,提升了对岩石特性的理解和工程应用的精确度.未来,岩石材料基因库有望在矿产资源开发、地质灾害防治和基础设施建设等领域发挥更大的作用,推动工程技术的发展和应用.

爆破作用下层状围岩隧道突变失稳判据研究

为判断爆破振动与损伤作用下层状岩体隧道的围岩稳定性,根据层状围岩失稳特征建立隧道力学模型,考虑爆破损伤和振动效应,构建层状围岩隧道系统总势能方程和突变失稳判据,分析爆破作用下层状围岩稳定性演化规律;并以沪昆高铁湖南段姚家隧道为工程背景,分析层状围岩隧道稳定性。结果表明:层状围岩隧道发生突变失稳的充要条件是满足分岔集方程,即当突变特征值Δ≤0时系统可能发生突变失稳;爆破累积效应造成围岩刚度不断降低,爆破药量增加提高爆破振动效应,这些均导致层状围岩失稳概率增加;实际隧道失稳评价结果与施工现场情况、监测结果一致,验证了失稳判据的有效性。

爆破震动对西湾露天煤矿边坡稳定性的影响

爆破震动是影响边坡稳定性的重要因素之一,为了探究爆破产生的震动对西湾露天煤矿边坡稳定性的影响情况,采用数值模拟、极限平衡理论等研究方法与手段,通过爆破监测数据测拟合出爆破监测点处的震动加速度,对施加了不同数值的水平方向震动加速度的坡面进行稳定性模拟。结果表明:当水平方向的震动加速度从0上升到0.03时,其坡面的稳定系数下降0.19;当水平方向的震动加速度从0.03上升到0.05时,其坡面的稳定系数下降0.114;爆破震动对边坡稳定性的影响会随着爆破震动加速度的增大而逐渐降低。

我国拆除爆破研究进展与展望(1994-2024)

近年来,面向国家城市更新、城镇化建设等重大战略需求,我国的拆除爆破行业发展迅速。回顾近30年来拆除爆破的发展进程,通过文献调研,围绕拆除爆破理论的钻孔爆破载荷模型、承重构件破坏、结构失稳机制及有害效应产生和传播机制,建(构)筑物(高层楼房、高耸结构、大型桥梁、水工结构等)、起爆系统、有害效应控制、设计与仿真等拆除爆破关键技术,以及典型拆除爆破工程应用3个方面总结了我国拆除爆破的最新成果与进展,探讨了新时代背景下我国拆除爆破的发展方向和趋势。

某钨矿中直径深孔采矿工艺试验采场爆破参数研究

某钨矿为合理确定中直径深孔采矿法爆破参数,基于爆破漏斗理论和爆破相似理论,依次进行单孔、多孔同段和斜面台阶现场爆破漏斗试验,得出最佳爆破漏斗半径为0.66 m、最佳孔间距为1.0~1.2 m、最小抵抗线为0.9~1.19 m,推荐中直径深孔爆破参数为排距2.4 m、孔底距2.5~3.0 m、装药密度4.9 kg/m。采用推荐的爆破参数开展中直径深孔采矿工业试验,得出中直径深孔试验采场较原采矿法炸药单耗降低18%,采矿成本降低21%。表明爆破漏斗试验和深孔采矿工业试验是成功的,采用浅孔爆破漏斗试验法确定中直径深孔爆破参数是合理的,可为其他矿山爆破工艺参数优化研究提供借鉴。

基于盲数理论改进云模型的露天矿爆破安全评估研究

为使爆破安全评估更科学,进一步提高评估结果的可靠性,提出了露天矿爆破安全评估的盲数理论改进云模型。从安全管理、组织设计、现场施工3个方面,选取了15个典型影响因素,构建了露天矿爆破安全综合评价指标体系;基于盲数理论,建立盲数矩阵确定指标综合得分,改进了传统定性指标赋值方式,运用博弈论思想获取指标综合权重,利用云模型原理,通过计算综合确定度,以最大隶属度为评判原则,确定露天矿爆破安全等级;以3座露天矿爆破过程为例,进行爆破安全等级评估。结果显示:3座露天矿山爆破安全等级分别为Ⅳ级、Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级,与爆破现场调查结论一致;通过对比模糊数学和未确知测度理论评价结果,盲数理论改进云模型能够有效降低评估过程的盲目性,评估结果更严谨保守,表明盲数理论改进云模型在露天矿爆破安全评估方面具有优越性和适用性,体现了研究价值,可为露天矿爆破安全评估和识别爆破薄弱环节提供理论依据。

爆炸荷载作用下饱和土中隧道的瞬态动力响应

用解析方法研究了爆炸荷载作用下饱和土中圆形隧道的动力响应问题。模型假定饱和土体中的圆形隧道中心处发生爆炸,爆炸荷载采用简化形式,衬砌运动方程基于Flügge壳体理论,饱和土采用Biot波动方程,通过引入两个势函数,在Laplace变换域中推导了爆炸荷载作用下圆形隧道位移和应力响应的表达式。利用Laplace数值逆变换得到爆炸荷载作用下衬砌与土体的时域计算结果,分析了排水条件对位移、应力变化的影响,并讨论了饱和土参数、衬砌和土的相对刚度的影响。数值结果表明,爆炸荷载作用下,不排水条件下应力和位移的响应幅值比排水条件下有所增大;饱和土参数b*对土体应力的幅值有明显的影响;衬砌与土的相对刚度越大,土体位移和应力响应的幅值越小,衰减的速度也越快。

基于未确知测度理论的台阶爆破效果综合评价

为了解决台阶爆破效果评价中因素的不确定性问题,运用未确知测度理论建立了台阶爆破效果的综合评价模型,并选取大块率、爆堆形态、松散系数、块度分布、根底率、后裂距离、振动速度、飞散距离、环境影响、炸药单耗、雷管单耗、延米爆破量等12项指标作为未确知测度模型的判别指标。根据实测数据,建立各指标的未确知测度函数,利用信息熵理论和置信度识别准则分别确定了各判别指标的权重和评价等级判定标准。最后得出台阶爆破效果的综合评价结果。用台阶爆破效果的综合评价模型对洪水台土石方平场工程4次台阶爆破效果进行综合评价,分析结果与实际情况完全相符。

深孔爆破弱化坚硬顶板影响因素分析及应用

文章介绍了深孔爆破机理及其弱化坚硬顶板的主要影响因素,着重分析了钻孔长度、钻孔间距,钻孔直径,封孔长度,装药结构等对深孔爆破的影响。结合实例说明深孔爆破弱化坚硬顶板是可行的。

周边孔炮眼间距对光面爆破效果的影响

基于光面爆破施工方法,设计了甘肃北山坑探设施项目光面爆破的爆破参数,得到了适宜于本项目的爆破实施方案。进而,着重研究了周边炮孔间距对光面爆破效果的影响,分别从爆破原理、断裂力学原理、经验方法的角度,计算了适宜于爆破的周边炮眼间距,其间距值约为50 cm。进一步实施了在不同周边孔间距情况下光面爆破的施工效果,验证了通过上述方法计算得到的周边孔间距是合理的。同时,需指出的是,钻爆施工涵盖多种不同的爆破参数,影响因素众多,爆破试验获取的爆破数据仅仅是对不同周边孔间距的初步探索,研究可对后续工程开挖提供相应的试验数据与理论支撑,对于深部地下工程的爆破开挖及高放废物的深地质处置,有一定的理论指导意义。