Oncological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Due to the prolonged life expectancy and increased risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)among patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,the prognosis and pathological features of CRC in HIV-positive patients require examination.AIM To compare the differences in oncological features,surgical safety,and prognosis between patients with and without HIV infection who have CRC at the same tumor stage and site.METHODS In this retrospective study,we collected data from HIV-positive and-negative patients who underwent radical resection for CRC.Using random stratified sampling,24 HIV-positive and 363 HIV-negative patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma after radical resection were selected.Using propensity score matching,we selected 72 patients,matched 1:2(HIV-positive:negative=24:48).Differences in basic characteristics,HIV acquisition,perioperative serological indicators,surgical safety,oncological features,and long-term prognosis were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Fewer patients with HIV infection underwent chemotherapy compared to patients without.HIV-positive patients had fewer preoperative and postoperative leukocytes,fewer preoperative lymphocytes,lower carcinoembryonic antigen levels,more intraoperative blood loss,more metastatic lymph nodes,higher node stage,higher tumor node metastasis stage,shorter overall survival,and shorter progression-free survival compared to patients who were HIV-negative.CONCLUSION Compared with CRC patients who are HIV-negative,patients with HIV infection have more metastatic lymph nodes and worse long-term survival after surgery.Standard treatment options for HIV-positive patients with CRC should be explored.

Importance of human leukocyte antigen antibodies and leukocyte antigen/killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in liver transplantation

Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hypothetical state of hepatic tolerance,which is described by eventual imbalances or deregulation in the balance of cytokines,mediators,effectors,and regulatory cells in the complex milieu of the liver.In this section,we will comment on the importance of donorspecific anti-human leukocyte antigen(HLA)antibodies(DSA)as well as the compatibility and pairings of HLA and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR)genotypes in the evolution of liver transplantation.Thus,HLA compatibility,viral infections,and HLA-C/KIR combinations have all been linked to liver transplant rejection and survival.There have been reports of increased risk of acute and chronic rejection with ductopenia,faster graft fibrosis,biliary problems,poorer survival,and even de novo autoimmune hepatitis when DSAs are present in the recipient.Higher mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)values of the DSAs and smaller graft size were associated with poorer patient outcomes,implying that high-risk patients with preformed DSAs should be considered for selecting the graft placed and desensitization methods,according to the investigators.Similarly,in a combined kidney-liver transplant,a pretransplant with a visible expression of several DSAs revealed that these antibodies were resistant to treatment.The renal graft was lost owing to antibody-mediated rejection(AMR).The HLA antigens expressed by the transplanted liver graft influenced antibody elimination.Pathologists are increasingly diagnosing AMR in liver transplants,and desensitization therapy has even been employed in situations of AMR,particularly in patients with DSAs in kidney-hepatic transplants and high-class II MFI due to Luminex.In conclusion,after revealing the negative impacts of DSAs with high MFI,pretransplant virtual crossmatch techniques may be appropriate to improve evolution;however,they may extend cold ischemia periods by requiring the donor to be typed.

Comparison of human face matching behavior and computational image similarity measure

Computational similarity measures have been evaluated in a variety of ways, but few of the validated computational measures are based on a high-level, cognitive criterion of objective similarity. In this paper, we evaluate two popular objective similarity measures by comparing them with face matching performance in human observers. The results suggest that these measures are still limited in predicting human behavior, especially in rejection behavior, but objective measure taking advantage of global and local face characteristics may improve the prediction. It is also suggested that human may set different criterions for“hit” and “rejection”and this may provide implications for biologically-inspired computational systems.

A Novel Data Schema Integration Framework for the Human-Centric Services in Smart City

Human-centric service is an important domain in smart city and includes rich applications that help residents with shopping, dining, transportation, entertainment, and other daily activities. These applications have generated a massive amount of hierarchical data with different schemas. In order to manage and analyze the city-wide and cross-application data in a unified way, data schema integration is necessary. However, data from human-centric services has some distinct characteristics, such as lack of support for semantic, matching, large number of schemas, and incompleteness of schema element labels. These make the schema integra- tion difficult using existing approaches. We propose a novel framework for the data schema integration of the human-centric services in smart city. The framework uses both schema metadata and instance data to do schema matching, and introduces human intervention based on a similarity entropy criteria to balance precision and efficiency. Moreover, the framework works in an incremental manner to reduce computation workload. We conduct an experiment with real-world dataset collected from multiple estate sale application systems. The results show that our approach can produce high-quality mediated schema with relatively less human in- terventions compared to the baseline method.

Effective search with saliency-based matching and cluster-based browsing

Similarity matching and information presentation are two key factors in information retrieval.In this paper,a saliency-based matching algorithm is proposed for user-oriented search based on the psychological studies on human perception,and major emphasis on the saliently similar aspect of objects to be compared is placed and thus the search result is more agreeable for users.After relevant results are obtained,the cluster-based browsing algorithm is adopted for search result presentation based on social network analysis.By organizing the results in clustered lists,the user can have a general understanding of the whole collection by viewing only a small part of results and locate those of major interest rapidly.Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over the traditional work.

Human leukocyte antigen(HLA)A-C-B-DRB1-DQB1 haplotype segregation analysis among 2152 families in China and the comparison to expectation-maximization algorithm result

Human leukocyte antigen(HLA)is the major histocompatibility complex for humans.Previous studies have shown that high-resolution HLA matching can reduce graft vs.host disease and improve the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Unrelated donor HSCT is very important when patients have no HLA-identical sibling donors.However,the chance of finding an available unrelated donor is not equal for every patient.Previous studies in Western countries have found that the HLA haplotype frequency(HF)could help to predict the probability of identifying HLA allele-matched unrelated donors.[1]However,the HLA system shows ethnic diversity and regional disparity.Therefore,if we want to use the HLA haplotype tool in China,a reliable HLA haplotype database for the Chinese population needs to be established.

考虑人机信任匹配的人机协同控制策略

人机互信水平是影响人机协同系统表现的关键因素之一。提出了一种考虑人机信任匹配的主从博弈协同控制策略。建立评估驾驶人和机器相互信任程度的方法,在此基础上根据人机信任匹配程度进行协同驾驶中的权重分配;采用模型预测控制框架并结合主从博弈进行最优化求解,得出最优的协同控制策略;通过驾驶人在环实验,验证了所提出的协同控制策略的有效性。结果表明,对于不同信任匹配程度的驾驶人,所提出的策略使得驾驶人路径跟踪精度平均提高了70.91%,驾驶负担平均降低了44.03%。所提出的策略能提升车辆的驾驶表现,减轻驾驶人操作负担。

财政资助能否提升人力资本?——基于CEPS数据的实证分析

义务教育阶段的财政资助是中国特色重大专项转移支付。基于新人力资本理论,运用倾向得分匹配的固定效应模型,依据中国教育追踪调查数据(CEPS),考量财政资助对人力资本的影响。结果显示:财政资助有助于提升人力资本,具体表现在对个人非认知能力及其外向性、尽责性与开放性的提升。同时,自我教育期望和父母陪伴在财政资助与人力资本中起到部分中介作用。鉴于此,应进一步深化财政资助工作的育人属性,注重人力资本积累,因人施策提升财政资助绩效。

3D hypothesis clustering for cross-view matching in multiperson motion capture

We present a multiview method for markerless motion capture of multiple people. The main challenge in this problem is to determine crossview correspondences for the 2 D joints in the presence of noise. We propose a 3 D hypothesis clustering technique to solve this problem. The core idea is to transform joint matching in 2 D space into a clustering problem in a 3 D hypothesis space. In this way, evidence from photometric appearance, multiview geometry, and bone length can be integrated to solve the clustering problem efficiently and robustly. Each cluster encodes a set of matched 2 D joints for the same person across different views, from which the 3 D joints can be effectively inferred. We then assemble the inferred 3 D joints to form full-body skeletons for all persons in a bottom–up way. Our experiments demonstrate the robustness of our approach even in challenging cases with heavy occlusion,closely interacting people, and few cameras. We have evaluated our method on many datasets, and our results show that it has significantly lower estimation errors than many state-of-the-art methods.

数字化如何影响中国制造业价值捕获——基于要素组合视角分析

本文基于2016版WIOT数据库,分析数字化对制造业价值捕获的影响及作用机制,从要素组合角度探寻人力资本与数字化匹配程度在数字化影响制造业价值捕获中发挥的调节作用。研究发现:(1)从整体上看,数字化可以促进制造业价值捕获;(2)从数字化来源看,国内数字化对制造业价值捕获的积极作用大于国外数字化;(3)分产业来看,数字化对低技术产业的价值捕获存在正向促进作用,对高技术产业的价值捕获影响不显著;(4)人力资本偏离数字化程度在数字化影响制造业价值捕获中发挥负向调节作用。根据上述结论,提出相应政策建议。

面向数字人文的出土陶器器形知识匹配方法与应用研究

出土陶器作为考古学文化的重要标识物,对其进行知识揭示和有效利用,对于展现中华文明起源和发展脉络、承载社会记忆、构建文化认同具有重要意义。着眼于考古文化研究中的现实问题,本文提出出土陶器器形的知识匹配方法,对促进相关领域知识重用和共享、解决人文学者在研究过程中的信息冗余和知识迷航等问题均有重要作用。首先,本文通过对出土陶器与考古学文化的关联路径的分析,明确了针对出土陶器器形的知识匹配方法在替代传统人文研究中的隐性知识关联环节的可行性和现实意义。其次,通过知识结构解析和知识向量表示,展示了针对出土陶器器形进行知识组织的方式和效果;针对陶器器形,从属种和整部两种维度分别提出不同的相似度计算方法,以及对陶器器形知识匹配程度进行量化评分的具体方法。最后,以从察吾呼遗址、焉不拉克遗址和莫呼查汗遗址中抽选的20座墓葬的出土陶器器形数据为例,验证上述方法在史前文化分期研究问题上的作用。研究结果表明,20个目标墓葬的分期结果与考古学界综合出土陶器类型和墓葬形制得出的矫正分期结果的吻合度达84.21%,这充分证明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。

基于倾向性评分匹配法评估不孕女性人乳头瘤病毒感染对宫腔内人工授精临床结局的影响

目的:评估不孕女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染对宫腔内人工授精(IUI)术后临床结局的影响。方法:采用回顾性队列研究分析空军军医大学唐都医院于2019年1月1日至2021年7月31日行IUI治疗的685例(1046个周期)患者的临床资料,其中丈夫精液人工授精(AIH)554例。根据HPV感染分为HPV阳性组和HPV阴性组,对IUI治疗及其中的AIH治疗患者按照采用倾向性评分匹配(1∶2),分别比较匹配后IUI治疗(HPV阳性组80例,HPV阴性组158例)及AIH治疗(HPV阳性组65例,HPV阴性组129例)患者中两组的助孕及妊娠结局。结果:IUI治疗患者匹配后HPV阳性组与HPV阴性组的临床妊娠率、活产率、异位妊娠率、流产率、巨大儿出生率及低体质量儿出生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AIH治疗患者匹配后HPV阳性组与HPV阴性组的临床妊娠率、活产率、异位妊娠率、流产率、巨大儿出生率及低体质量儿出生率的差异仍无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:不孕女性HPV感染可能并不影响IUI患者的助孕及妊娠结局。

基于人类足迹的长江经济带自然保护区保护成效评价

自然保护区保护成效评价是区域可持续发展评估的重要内容。长江经济带具有丰富的生物多样性,科学评价其保护区保护成效对完善其管护措施和建设生态文明具有重要意义。基于人类足迹,从保护区的保护级别、地理经济分区与功能分区三个方面,分析长江经济带2000—2018年保护区内的人类扰动变化,并引入倾向得分匹配法来测度保护区对人类扰动的控制程度。结果表明:①长江经济带有35.12%的保护区保护成效良好,50.30%的保护区保护成效尚可,仅有14.58%的保护区成效较差。②长江经济带及其保护区的人类足迹整体上均呈增长趋势,但保护区内部增长幅度不足整个地区的一半,这表明保护区虽然没有改变内部人类足迹整体增加的趋势,但有效减缓了其增速。③保护区和功能分区的保护等级越高,保护成效越好。④长江经济带上游与中游地区保护区的保护成效好于下游地区,特别是“巴山⁃巫山⁃武陵山⁃雪峰山”和云南西部地区的保护区保护成效良好。研究结果可为长江经济带保护区管护措施的完善和生态文明建设提供参考。

走向临床的异种器官移植

器官移植是治疗终末期器官衰竭的最佳方案,但器官短缺是全球性的问题,限制了器官移植的进一步发展。最新的研究表明,基因修饰猪可能很快成为临床器官移植供体的现实替代来源。异种移植可能是解决器官短缺问题的有效途径之一。2021年以来,全世界完成了2例活体异种器官移植、6例脑死亡异种器官移植,并启动了异种肾移植的Ⅰ期临床试验,取得了超出预期的结果。因此,本文在回顾、分析近几年活体及脑死亡受者异种移植临床试验结果的基础上,讨论与异种移植临床研究相关的科学、技术和伦理问题,希望为我国异种器官移植临床研究提供借鉴,促进临床异种移植的发展。

数字时代下旅游企业的人力资源供求与管理

旅游企业长期面临人力资源短缺、人才流失等困境,主要缘于其外部市场劳动力供需匹配出错、内部岗位设置与人力资源管理简单粗放。科技的数字化发展为解决上述问题提供了机遇,也提出了新的挑战。主要表现为:(1)数字时代塑造了旅游新场景、催生了旅游新需求,这也使旅游企业劳动力需求特征与技能结构发生了转变,旅游从业者需具备数字化的管理、分析、创新、服务、学习能力。(2)数字技术(如智能机器、大数据分析)正在重塑旅游服务分工与服务职能,可以通过系统支持、人机协作等方式增强员工工作能力,并在部分领域代替人类员工进行工作(尤其在程序化重复劳动方面),其应用面广泛、能力强大,对许多领域都有结构性的影响。旅游企业人力资源管理须关注旅游数字化转型中潜在的数字鸿沟和数字公平问题,确保数字技术的智慧化和便捷化能够平等地惠及每个利益群体。(3)数字技术使得用工更加灵活,在新的工作安排、新的工作性质、新的工人地位3个方面改变了灵活用工的形态。在数字时代,需要通过深化灵活用工平台治理、完善劳动者权益保障体系等措施,优化旅游企业的灵活用工管理。(4)数字时代,旅游企业的内部人力资源管理面临责任归属、数字能力提升、数据安全保护、客户隐私保护等多方面挑战,也带来了在人才识别与招聘、培训、绩效管理、员工关系和职工保留等多方面进行提升的新机遇。数字时代下,旅游企业人力资源经理必须弥合技术与人性之间的差距,注意数字技术应用带来的道德困境,并采取开放、适应的思维方式。(5)数字技术还可以赋能旅游企业劳动力的市场以实现供需匹配,即通过信息化变革使旅游企业劳动力供需数量达到动态平衡,通过知识化完善劳动力供需结构,通过平台化推动劳动力供需双方链接。

供需匹配视角下中国高校图书馆参与数字人文教育服务建设现状及其启示

[目的/意义]对高校数字人文教育服务满意进行研究,有助于推进高校新文科建设、提升大学生数字人文素养。[方法/过程]运用文献调研、网络调查、系统分析法,以中国6所高校的数字人文教育情况为对象,选用WSR方法从物理(数字人文资源、数字人文项目、数字人文技术与工具等)-事理(课程教育方式)-人理(馆员)3个维度梳理高校图书馆参与数字人文教育服务方式,以及调查中国参与数字人文教育的高校学生用户群体在进行数字人文研究和提高数字人文素养时,对高校图书馆所提供的服务的需求。[结果/结论]通过国内高校参与数字人文教育的现状及用户的需求调研进行分析,提出高校图书馆应以用户需求为核心构建“馆院协同+数字人文”立体化层次的数字人文教育服务平台;满足数字人文教育个性需求,提升供需匹配精准度;向传统人文学科教学服务主动提供数字人文理念与方法。

人口集聚、人力资源匹配与产业升级

随着新型城镇化建设以及城市间竞争日趋激烈,人口持续向大城市及大都市圈集聚,人力资本作为核心生产要素之一在城市经济发展中愈发关键。准确识别人口集聚对产业升级的影响并分析其背后的作用机理,对于充分发挥人力资源的产业促进作用,推动经济高质量增长具有十分重要的作用。为此,文章试图采用中国267个地级市2006~2019年的市级层面数据,研究人口集聚对产业升级的影响及其背后的人力资源匹配中介机制,为人口集聚的产业促进效应提供一个新的理论注解。通过构建“人力资本-产业结构”系统耦合协调度进行实证研究,发现人口集聚能够促进产业升级;以人力资源匹配为中介变量,更加印证中国人口集聚促进产业结构转型背后是人力资源匹配在发挥中介效应。通过发展阶段-区位双维度分位数回归进行异质性检验发现,不同地区在不同产业发展阶段人口集聚对产业升级的促进效应特征不一,在东部呈现非对称的“V”型趋势,在中部由正持续减弱为负,在西部则由负转正不断增强;按高校数量分组进行异质性检验发现,在教育密集区人口集聚的作用不显著,但在非教育密集区存在显著促进产业升级的作用。

智能时代的职业演进趋势:人机协作与人才培养

人工智能技术对社会职业产生了诸多影响,人机智能协作将成为未来职业的演进趋势。面向智能时代的职业研究不能仅从宏观特征和统计数据层面进行探讨,而应基于“任务技术技能”匹配分析的思路,对不同任务类型下的智能技术应用和人机协作机制进行中观分类研究。依此思路研究发现,人工智能将实现对大多数感知、操作类任务的技术替代和劳动者技能重组;通过技术技能协同升级推动分析、设计类任务进入人机“类团体”协作新形态;并在交流、反思、探索、决策类任务上为人类提供赋能支持。为适应人机智能协作,教育的人才培养方向也要相应变革,重点培养高阶思维、人文素养和人机协作等关键能力,合理调整知识和技能培养的方向和内容,对功利主义与人本主义教育价值进行再审视与再选择。

基于改进YOLO V7的校园人体姿态识别

校园人体姿态检测对于监管人员快速识别人体行为,保证校园稳定具有重要意义。针对目前校园人体姿态识别主要依赖人工,效率低下的问题,提出一种基于改良的YOLO V7快速检测模型。首先引入尺寸大小自适应输入模块对输入图像进行标准化和归一化处理,提高模型的适应能力;然后将YOLO V7模型进行剪枝处理提高检测效率;再定义了19个关节点作为人体姿态的特征点,最后使用关节点匹配模块提高关节点匹配的准确率。经过实验,模型可以每秒检测44张图像,检测精度在mAP@0.5时可以达到0.955,相较于原始的YOLO V7检测速率和精度均有所提升。