Instantaneous frequency estimation of multi-component Chirp signals in noisy environments

A classical time-varying signal, the multi-component Chirp signal has been widely used and the ability to estimate its instantaneous frequency （IF） is very useful. But in noisy environments, it is hard to estimate the 1F of a multi-component Chirp signal accurately. Wigner distribution maxima （WDM） are usually utilized for this estimation. But in practice, estimation bias increases when some points deviate from the true IF in high noise environments. This paper presents a new method of multi-component Chirp signal 1F estimation named Wigner Viterbi fit （WVF）, based on Wigner-Ville distribution （WVD） and the Viterbi algorithm. First, we transform the WVD of the Chirp signal into digital image, and apply the Viterbi algorithm to separate the components and estimate their IF. At last, we establish a linear model to fit the estimation results. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that this new method has high precision and better performance than WDM in high noise environments, and better suppression of interference and the edge effect. Compared with WDM, WVF can reduce the mean square error （MSE） by 50% when the signal to noise ration （SNR） is in the range of-15dB to -11dB. WVF is an effective and promising 1F estimation method.

Chirp-Rate Resolution of Fractional Fourier Transform in Multi-component LFM Signal

Distinguishing close chirp-rates of different linear frequency modulation （LFM） signals under concentrated and complicated signal environment was studied. Firstly, detection and parameter estimation of multi-component LFM signal were used by discrete fast fractional Fourier transform （FrFT）. Then the expression of chirp-rate resolution in fractional Fourier domain （FrFD） was deduced from discrete normalize time-frequency distribution, when multi-component LFM signal had only one center frequency. Furthermore, the detail influence of the sampling time, sampling frequency and chirp-rate upon the resolution was analyzed by partial differential equation. Simulation results and analysis indicate that increasing the sampling time can enhance the resolution, but the influence of the sampling frequency can he omitted. What＇s more, in multi-component LFM signal, the chirp-rate resolution of FrFT is no less than a minimal value, and it mainly dependent on the biggest value of chirp-rates, with which it has an approximately positive exponential relationship.

Parameter estimation method for a linear frequency modulation signal with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity

In view of the complexity of existing linear frequency modulation(LFM)signal parameter estimation methods and the poor antinoise performance and estimation accuracy under a low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),a parameter estimation method for LFM signals with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity is proposed in this paper.This method utilizes the characteristic that the output signal of the Duffing oscillator excited by the LFM signal changes periodically with frequency,and the modulation period of the LFM signal is estimated by autocorrelation processing of the output signal of the Duffing oscillator.On this basis,the corresponding relationship between the reference frequency of the frequencyaligned Duffing oscillator and the frequency range of the LFM signal is analyzed by the periodic power spectrum method,and the frequency information of the LFM signal is determined.Simulation results show that this method can achieve high-accuracy parameter estimation for LFM signals at an SNR of-25 dB.

ALGORITHM FOR THE DETECTION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF MULTICOMPONENT LFM SIGNALS

A novel algorithm based on Radon-Ambiguity Transform (RAT) and Adaptive Signal Decomposition (ASD) is presented for the detection and parameter estimation of multicompo-nent Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signals. The key problem lies in the chirplet estimation. Genetic algorithm is employed to search for the optimization parameter of chirplet. High estimation accuracy can be obtained even at low Signal-to-Noisc Ratio(SNR). Finally simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Parameter estimation of LFM signals based on time reversal

In this paper,parameter estimation of linear frequency modulation(LFM)signals containing additive white Gaussian noise is studied.Because the center frequency estimation of an LFM signal is affected by the error propagation effect,resulting in a higher signal to noise ratio(SNR)threshold,a parameter estimation method for LFM signals based on time reversal is proposed.The proposed method avoids SNR loss in the process of estimating the frequency,thus reducing the SNR threshold.The simulation results show that the threshold is reduced by 5 dB compared with the discrete polynomial transform(DPT)method,and the root-mean-square error(RMSE)of the proposed estimator is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRLB).

Generalized Parseval’s Theorem on Fractional Fourier Transform for Discrete Signals and Filtering of LFM Signals

This paper investigates the generalized Parseval’s theorem of fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) for concentrated data. Also, in the framework of multiple FRFT domains, Parseval’s theorem reduces to an inequality with lower and upper bounds associated with FRFT parameters, named as generalized Parseval’s theorem by us. These results theoretically provide potential valuable applications in filtering, and examples of filtering for LFM signals in FRFT domains are demonstrated to support the derived conclusions.

HIGH RESOLUTION RANGE PROFILE FORMATION BASED ON LFM SIGNAL FUSION OF MULTIPLE RADARS

This paper presents a new method of High Resolution Range (HRR) profile formation based on Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signal fusion of multiple radars with multiple frequency bands. The principle of the multiple radars signal fusion improving the range resolution is analyzed. With the analysis of return signals received by two radars,it is derived that the phase difference between the echoes varies almost linearly with respect to the frequency if the distance between two radars is neg-ligible compared with the radar observation distance. To compensate the phase difference,an en-tropy-minimization principle based compensation algorithm is proposed. During the fusion process,the B-splines interpolation method is applied to resample the signals for Fourier transform imaging. The theoretical analysis and simulations results show the proposed method can effectively increase signal bandwidth and provide a high resolution range profile.

基于FRFT的低信噪比LFM信号参数快速估计算法

基于分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)对线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulated,LFM)信号参数进行估计,问题关键是确定FRFT最佳阶数,根据误差迭代思想提出新的参数估计算法,该算法利用归一化带宽和旋转角的转化关系,由估计误差推算角度差值,有效降低了运算量,不需要调频斜率正负的先验信息,改进的对数搜索算法可以进一步提高参数估计结果的稳定性和可靠性。仿真结果表明,信噪比在-8 dB以上时该方法在高效率的前提下仍具有良好的参数估计性能,平均估计误差在1%以内,估计结果接近Cramer-Rao下限,满足工程实时处理需求。

基于Z变换和改进FRI的LFM信号参数估计方法研究

为了完成线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)信号的稀疏采样,并利用稀疏数据对原始信号参数进行估计,本文提出了一种基于Z变换和改进有限新息率(finite rate of innovation,FRI)的LFM信号参数估计方法。以Z变换理论为基础,设计了一种数学模型,一旦信号能够表达成该数学模型的结构形式,就能通过Z变换和零化滤波器的方法估计信号参数。然后,利用了自相关延迟的FRI结构对LFM信号采样,该结构不仅完成了LFM信号的稀疏采样,而且稀疏采样结果能够与数学模型结构相符。在理论上通过数学论证的方式证明了所提方法能够用于获取LFM信号参数信息,并通过仿真和实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性,理论和实验结果表明该方法只需要4个采样点就能实现对LFM信号的参数估计,并且实验中的参数估计误差均在3%以内,极大的提高有限新息率采样的参数估计效率。

基于高斯短时分数阶傅里叶变换的多分量LFM信号检测与参数估计

该文针对线性调频信号,提出一种基于分数阶波包变换分析方法——高斯短时分数阶傅里叶变换。通过旋转角度的搜索及高斯窗口宽度的调整,能够在低信噪比条件下对多分量LFM信号进行检测,避免交叉项的出现,并能得到参数的估计值。通过推导分析给出变换结果的解析表达式,计算机仿真结果也表明了该变换的有效性。

高精度LFM信号参数估计的谱校正方法

为精确估计噪声背景下线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)信号的调频率和中心频率等参数,提出了一种基于Radon模糊变换(Radon-ambiguity transform,RAT)和分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FRFT)的离散谱校正估计方法。该方法将LFM信号的调频率和中心频率估计问题转化为模糊域和分数阶Fourier域上的两次一维谱峰搜索过程,并且通过对矩形窗截断的LFM信号的RAT和FRFT谱线结构分析,将能量重心谱校正法引入两次谱峰搜索过程,在不增加运算量的基础上实现了谱峰位置的超分辨率估计,较大幅度地提高了信号的参数估计精度。仿真结果显示,对于单分量LFM信号情况,该方法对信号的RAT和FRFT谱峰位置的校正误差分别降到了扫描步长的1.55%和4.94%,证明了该方法的有效性。

基于多尺度线性调频基信号稀疏分解的多分量LFM信号检测

该文针对传统的基于二次时频分析和原子追踪匹配方法处理多分量LFM信号时存在的时频干扰和等振幅交叉分解等问题,提出了一种基于多尺度线性调频基信号稀疏分解的多分量LFM信号检测方法,该方法采用多尺度的线调频基函数对多分量LFM信号进行投影分解,通过从不同的时间支撑区内投影系数最大的基函数中寻找出使分解信号能量最大的基元函数组合,逐次获得信号包含的能量最大的LFM信号分量,从基元函数连接形成的频率曲线即可获得LFM信号分量瞬时频率的估计,再对分量瞬时频率求起始时间点的频率值和曲线斜率便可得到该LFM分量的中心频率及调频斜率,仿真试验表明该文方法能精确地提取等振幅多分量LFM信号的瞬时频率,并具有很强的抗噪声干扰能力。

基于正交匹配追踪的欠采样LFM信号参数估计

受限于目前数字采样水平,对宽带线性调频(LFM)信号进行欠采样参数估计具有重要的研究价值。该文基于线性调频信号具有近似矩形的幅频特性,对其频谱的差分过程进行处理,采用正交匹配追踪算法有效提取欠采样信号频谱的边缘信息,实现在欠采样环境下的宽带线性调频信号起始频率和终止频率的估计,具有较高的估计精度,仿真实验证明了其有效性。

基于切割聚类的快速多分量LFM信号分离

针对多分量线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)雷达信号检测和参数估计精度低、计算速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于小波变换的切割聚类拟合参数估计的算法。该方法首先通过小波变换得到信号的三维时频分布图,其次采用等高线截取提取出小波脊线,再找出脊线的交点,以交点为界对小波脊线图进行切割,利用模糊C均值聚类完成各LFM分量脊线的聚类,最后分别对每段脊线进行拟合加权,从而估计出多分量LFM信号参数。仿真结果表明,与基于Hough变换检测直线方法相比,不仅在计算复杂度以及参数估计的准确度上都有较大的提升,而且当LFM信号分量达到4个以上亦有较准确的检测精度。

LFM信号参数估计的插值FRFT算法

提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FRFT)的线性调频(linear fre-quency modulation,LFM)信号参数估计的插值算法。首先针对FRFT的旋转角度α搜索步长问题,提出了在较大搜索步长下进行插值以得到α精估计的方法;然后针对离散分数阶傅里叶变换(digital fractional Fourier transform,DFRFT)因参数u离散化而造成的栏栅效应问题,采用相邻谱线进行插值以得到u的精估计;最后用α和u插值精估计结果对单分量LFM信号的参数进行估计。这一方法在不影响估计精度的前提下,降低了计算量和复杂度。仿真结果表明,在较低的信噪比下,LFM信号参数估计的精度仍十分逼近克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao bound,CRB)。

基于NP准则的LFM信号盲处理结果可靠性检验

本文研究了线性调频(LFM,Linear Frequency Modulation)信号盲处理结果的可靠性检验问题,提出了一种基于纽曼皮尔逊(NP,Neyman-Pearson)准则的检验算法.先根据调制识别结果对应的信号模型构造参考信号,通过分析不同假设下参考信号与观测信号相关累加值概率分布参数的差异,利用NP准则构建检验统计量并确定相应的门限,对LFM信号盲处理结果的可靠性进行检验.计算机仿真结果表明,本算法在较低信噪比条件下,可实现对LFM信号盲处理结果的可靠性检验.

近场宽带LFM信号被动测向和测距方法

提出了一种采用分数阶傅里叶变换的聚焦波束形成被动定位方法,实现了水声近场宽带线性调频(linear frequency modulated,LFM)信号的被动测向和测距。建立了基于球面波模型的近场宽带LFM信号接收数据模型,应用分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FRFT)将LFM信号的时变阵列流形矩阵变换为固定阵列流形矩阵,结合近场声源的聚集波束形成技术,利用多重信号分类算法实现了对多个宽带LFM信号的方位与距离联合估计。数值仿真验证了该方法对水声目标方位和距离估计的有效性,并仿真分析信噪比、声源距离、声源个数等对该算法性能的影响。

复杂噪声环境下基于LVD的LFM信号参数估计

针对传统的线性调频(LFM)信号参数估计方法平滑交叉项时,会出现参数估计精度降低和计算复杂度增加等问题,该文引入LVD(LV’s Distribution)方法,该方法可以在参数空间直接显示中心频率和调频斜率(CFCR)。LVD首先对对称参数瞬时自相关函数(PSIAF)进行尺度变换,消除信号在时间轴上的线性频率偏移,然后对尺度变换后的时间变量作2维傅里叶变换,将1维LFM信号转化为2维单频信号。信号各分量在LVD平面表现为多个独立尖峰,使交叉项的能量聚集影响可忽略不计,且信号各峰值所在位置对应于各信号分量的中心频率和调频斜率。LVD可有效抑制高斯噪声,但在脉冲性较强的a稳定分布噪声中,该方法在CFCR域的性能退化甚至失效。对此,该文结合分数低阶统计量理论,提出一种a稳定分布噪声环境下的分数低阶LVD新方法。仿真实验表明该方法在高斯噪声和脉冲噪声环境下均可稳定工作,具有较好的鲁棒性。

基于GST-Hough变换的LFM信号识别方法

针对线性调频(linear frequency modulated,LFM)信号在低信噪比条件下的信号检测问题,提出将广义S变换(generalized S transform,GST)与Hough变换相结合(generalized S transform based on Hough transform,GSTH)信号检测方法。从理论层面推导出LFM信号在进行GST后对应的参数特性,论证Hough变换的可行性,推导出GSTH变换后LFM信号与噪声的概率密度分布函数,给出了基于奈曼-皮尔逊准则进行峰值检测时,检测门限的计算方法与确定流程。利用GST时频聚焦性提供良好的直线线性,有易于Hough变换的直线检测,提升变换后主峰峰值并降低副峰高度。通过与WHT(Wigner-Hough transform)、分数阶傅里叶变换与周期WHT算法的仿真对比,定量评估算法的适用性,并与经典算法对比,定性的描述出算法良好的时频聚焦性,凸显GSTH算法在强噪声背景下具有更好的检测精度与适用范围。

基于功率谱形态学运算的LFM信号参数估计

针对当前线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)信号参数估计算法中存在的估计精度与计算量的矛盾问题,提出了一种基于功率谱形态学运算的信号参数估计算法。该算法根据LFM信号参数与功率谱形状特征的关系,实现了LFM信号参数估计。仿真试验表明,在信噪比为-5dB时,LFM信号的调频斜率和起始频率估计精度分别比基于Radon模糊变换(Radon-ambiguity transform,RAT)和分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FRFT)结合的离散谱校正算法提高了约2%和4.5%,带宽和脉冲宽度估计的均方根误差分别小于2.4MHz和0.025μs;当采样点不大于4 096时,计算量比插值FRFT算法降低了约70%,证明了该算法具有高估计精度和低运算量的优点。