Research progress and potential of new enhanced oil recovery methods in oilfield development

This paper reviews the basic research means for oilfield development and also the researches and tests of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods for mature oilfields and continental shale oil development,analyzes the problems of EOR methods,and proposes the relevant research prospects.The basic research means for oilfield development include in-situ acquisition of formation rock/fluid samples and non-destructive testing.The EOR methods for conventional and shale oil development are classified as improved water flooding(e.g.nano-water flooding),chemical flooding(e.g.low-concentration middle-phase micro-emulsion flooding),gas flooding(e.g.micro/nano bubble flooding),thermal recovery(e.g.air injection thermal-aided miscible flooding),and multi-cluster uniform fracturing/water-free fracturing,which are discussed in this paper for their mechanisms,approaches,and key technique researches and field tests.These methods have been studied with remarkable progress,and some achieved ideal results in field tests.Nonetheless,some problems still exist,such as inadequate research on mechanisms,imperfect matching technologies,and incomplete industrial chains.It is proposed to further strengthen the basic researches and expand the field tests,thereby driving the formation,promotion and application of new technologies.

Effect of operating parameters on the performance of thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery for low-temperature waste heat recovery

This study investigated the important factors that affect the operating parameters of thermally regenerative ammoniabased batteries(TRABs),including the metal electrode type,membrane type,electrode surface area,electrode distance,electrolyte concentration,and ammonia concentration.The experimental results showed that the maximum power density of TRABs with a Cu electrode was 40.0 W·m^(2),which was considerably higher than that with Ni(0.34 W·m^(2))and Co(0.14 W·m^(2))electrodes.TRABs with an anion exchange membrane had a 28.6%higher maximum power density than those with a cation exchange membrane.An increased electrode surface resulted in an increased maximum power but a decreased maximum power density.Within a certain range,TRAB performance was enhanced with decreased electrode distance and increased electrolyte concentration.An increased ammonia concentration resulted in enhanced ammonia transfer and improved the TRAB performance.

Thermal recovery process of a backfilled open-pit in permafrost area at the Gulian strip coal mine in Northeast China

Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical simulations and statistical regressions were applied for analyzing the recovery processes of the backfill and its major influencing factors for the thermal equilibrium in recently backfilled open pits at the Gulian strip coalmine in Mo'he, Northeast China. Results show that the thermal recovery time of backfilled areas is positively correlated to the backfill depth(BD) of the soils, the backfilled soil temperature(BST), and the mean annual ground surface temperature(MAGST); meanwhile, climate warming can impact on thermal regimes of the backfill area. The impact of climate warming on ground temperature of the backfill will show up significantly in about 50 years afterbackfilling(BD at 10.0 and 20.0 m, BST at 20.0°C) under the climate warming scenario(CWS) of 0.025°C·year ^(-1). Grey-relation analyses show that the sensitivity of the backfill recovery time declines in the order of the BD, BST and MAGST. On the basis of the abovementioned studies, the layer-by-layer backfilling in cold seasons is advised for more effective and more rapid recovery of thermal regimes of the backfilled open-pits in cold regions.

Plastic Sealed Thermal Expansion Packer for Thermal Recovery

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Technologies for Thermal Recovery in Liaohe Oilfield

The technology level of heavy oil thermal re-covery in Liaohe Oilfield is greatly improved after more than ten years of practice,and the technology in Shuguang is symbolic.The annual heavy oil pro-duction in Shuguang has reached 196X 10*t now.

Novel Technology and Products: Fluidized Bed Incineration and Energy Recovery for Waste Disposal——Developed by the Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University

The waste referred to includes solid waste and sludge. Solid waste is mainly from urban garbage and industrial waste. Sludge is from water treatment factories, paper mills, chemical factories, pharmaceutical factories, rivers and lakes. The waste and sludge are very harmful to water organisms, human health and drinking water, and directly affect the environment. Sludge and waste also occupy large areas of land. There are several methods to treat waste and sludge, such as burial, chemical treatment and incineration. Incineration is more effective than the

Powering a Low Power Wireless Sensor in a Harsh Industrial Environment: Energy Recovery with a Thermoelectric Generator and Storage on Supercapacitors

Wireless sensor networks are widely used for monitoring in remote areas. They mainly consist of wireless sensor nodes, which are usually powered by batteries with limited capacity, but are expected to last for long periods of time. To overcome these limitations and achieve perpetual autonomy, an energy harvesting technique using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) coupled with storage on supercapacitors is proposed. The originality of the work lies in the presentation of a maintenance-free, robust, and tested solution, well adapted to a harsh industrial context with a permanent temperature gradient. The harvesting part, which is attached to the hot spot in a few seconds using magnets, can withstand temperatures of 200°C. The storage unit, which contains the electronics and supercapacitors, operates at temperatures of up to 80°C. More specifically, this article describes the final design of a 3.3 V 60 mA battery-free power supply. An analysis of the thermal potential and the electrical power that can be recovered is presented, followed by the design of the main electronic stages: energy recovery using a BQ25504, storage on supercapacitors and finally shaping the output voltage with a boost (TPS610995) followed by an LDO (TPS71533).

稠油开采中多元热复合流体相态的研究进展

稠油的储量远超常规石油的储量,但因稠油黏度大和密度大的特点而难以开采,高效经济开发稠油已成为石油领域的研究重点。热复合开采技术是目前高效开发稠油油藏的关键技术,其中多元热复合流体的相态特征是稠油油藏开采流程设计与评价的关键。为此,从热复合开采技术中的混合气体系和稠油-气体系2个方面,系统地阐述了多元热复合流体相态的实验和理论研究现状。对于混合气体系相态,多采用静态法进行实验测试,使用状态方程结合混合规则进行理论预测,CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O和CH_(4)等常见气体分子组成的二元体系的相态测试趋于成熟,但缺少多元体系的测试数据与预测模型;对于稠油-气体系相态,总结了一般性实验流程与近年实验结果,提出一种加速油气相平衡的新型实验装置构想,指出目前理论预测在气体种类、注气量、气体扩散模型、二元相互作用系数等方面的不足。进而对多元热复合流体相态研究提出展望,以期促进热复合开采技术进一步的机理研究与参数优化。

稠油热采井射孔孔眼应力分析及影响因素

针对稠油热采井生产过程中,射孔井段套管频繁出现损伤断裂的问题,基于弹塑性和热力学理论,采用有限元方法建立注汽—焖井—生产过程射孔套管有限元热力学耦合模型,对各阶段射孔套管应力分布特征进行研究,并开展不同射孔参数下射孔套管强度影响规律分析。研究表明:生产过程中射孔孔眼位置出现明显应力集中现象,在温差及内外压差等共同作用下,注采前期套管应力最大可达498.16 MPa,并逐渐产生塑性失效现象,当注采作业完成时,套管塑性失效现象最严重;随着射孔相位角增大,射孔密度对Mises应力值的影响逐渐减小,而套管孔眼最大应力与射孔相位角成反比关系。该研究对延长稠油热采井射孔套管使用年限和保障正常生产作业具有十分重要的意义。

海上稠油油田多元热流体吞吐增产机理研究与实践

多元热流体为蒸汽、氮气、二氧化碳的高温高压混合气体,具有降低稠油黏度、提高地层压力、改善油藏剖面、提高稠油油藏开发效果等作用。多元热流体吞吐技术在海上稠油高效开发中应用广泛,随吞吐轮次增加,对多元热流体吞吐机理缺乏认知,开采效果降低。为有效提升稠油油田的开采效果,采用油藏模拟分析和多元热流体吞吐及驱替室内试验方法,探究了不同多元热流体组分对增产的贡献,进一步明晰多元热流体吞吐增产机理,为多元热流体热采方案优化设计和吞吐后开发调整提供理论指导和有效措施。试验结果表明:海上油田通过多元热流体热采示范应用,油田日产油由热采前218m^(3)·d^(-1)升至最高641m^(3)·d^(-1),增幅195%,热采效果明显。

基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉燃褐煤发电技术研究

针对高水分褐煤燃烧发电中存在的热效率低和低负荷稳燃困难等问题,提出了基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统的新型高效燃褐煤发电技术,该技术采用基于汽轮机抽汽加热的过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统,保证了制粉系统的运行安全性,提高了燃烧系统的运行灵活性,实现了制粉系统与锅炉主机的运行解耦,并综合解决了褐煤锅炉炉温低、热效率低的等问题。以600 MW超临界燃褐煤机组为例,对采用该技术的热力系统进行了仿真,分析了其节能与环保效益。研究结果表明,该技术通过对锅炉与汽轮机整体热力系统的综合优化,将汽轮机回热系统扩大至高水分煤的干燥过程,同时梯级回收锅炉排烟废热和制粉乏汽废热至汽轮机回热系统,可获得较为显著的节煤效益。同时,该技术不仅可由节煤相应减少各类污染物及CO_(2)排放,还可回收大量水资源,有望实现零水耗电厂。

低浓度甲烷热氧化流向变换反应器的动态行为及余热回收研究

废弃煤矿的低体积分数甲烷(1%-3%)通常被直接排放到大气中,但其较高的升温潜势带来了严重的环境问题。在流向变换反应器中直接热氧化甲烷是一种有吸引力的解决方案,但潜在的爆炸和不稳定燃烧等风险限制了其应用。阐明低含量甲烷在流向变换反应器中热氧化的动力学行为是开发工业级反应器的基础。为此,采用数值模拟的方法分析了低含量甲烷热氧化流向变换反应器的自热操作边界,深入研究了热空气导出量对流向变换反应器行为的影响。结果显示,甲烷体积分数超过0.2%即可实现自热操作;甲烷体积分数从0.5%提升至3.0%,最高床温仍维持在1200℃左右。当甲烷体积分数超过0.5%,可以回收部分热量;相同甲烷含量条件下,最高床温随着热气抽出量的增加而增加;随着甲烷体积分数从0.5%提升到3.0%,允许导出的热空气从12.5%几乎线性地增加到32%。进一步研究发现,以30-50 s的时间间隔反向流动可以确保甲烷的完全转化和床温稳定。上述结果表明,甲烷体积分数在1%-3%时,采用热氧化处理可以实现余热回收;此外,通过调整换向时间和热空气导出量可以实现床层温度控制。

稠油污水回用热采锅炉二氧化硅指标与结垢过程分析

为了研究稠油污水回用热采锅炉过程中二氧化硅指标与结垢过程之间的关系,认清结垢物的微观形貌与化学组成特征,通过室内模拟蒸汽发生器开展了水质中不同二氧化硅质量浓度的结垢实验,并结合现场热注锅炉试验确定回用污水二氧化硅的优化指标,提出二氧化硅质量浓度由原来的50 mg/L放宽到75 mg/L是可行的。对生成的结垢物采用扫描电镜、能谱、X衍射、电子探针等分析技术开展了结垢物微观形貌与化学组成的分析。结果表明,结垢物随水的向前流动其厚度逐渐变厚,越靠近蒸汽出口处结垢越严重,结垢物矿物成分相似,结垢物微观形貌上呈不规则的团状和网状分布,伴有不同孔径大小的孔隙空间,孔隙中发育有少量的针状和柱状晶体。

稠油多轮次注采固井水泥浆体系评价与优选

在稠油多轮次注采开发过程中,井筒水泥环需承受350℃高温及多轮次温度交变,需要水泥浆体系具有良好的耐高温和抗疲劳能力。开发了4种耐高温水泥浆体系,在350℃高温循环加热的条件下,对4种水泥浆体系进行10轮次的加热,分别测定其抗压强度和弹性模量,并取样进行X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜形貌分析、纳米CT扫描测试。评价了4种水泥浆体系的抗高温循环能力,探讨了其性能变化的机理。试验结果表明,复合加砂水泥和耐高温韧性水泥可满足稠油多轮次注采开发需求,硅酸盐水泥中添加细硅粉和弹塑剂可有效改善其抗高温能力和耐疲劳能力。

热再生电池堆-二氧化碳电化学还原池系统耦合特性

为了减少工业烟气中余热与CO_(2)的排放,本文提出了热再生电池堆-二氧化碳电化学还原池系统(TRBCO_(2)RR)。该系统通过串联多个非水系热再生电池(thermally regenerative battery,TRB)构建电堆,并将其用于驱动CO_(2)电化学还原(electrochemical reduction of CO_(2),CO_(2)RR)。本文研究了CO_(2)电化学还原特性、非水系TRB电堆性能及非水系TRB-CO_(2)RR系统耦合特性。研究结果表明,碳纸负载纳米银多孔电极上催化剂分布较为均匀,在-1.8V电位下(对应的槽电压为5.1V)表现出最佳的电化学还原CO_(2)性能,其CO法拉第效率达到了最佳值78.7%。为此,构建了6个子电池的串联电堆,开路电压达到7.2V左右,最大功率为235mW,在34min内放电相对稳定。运行非水系TRB-CO_(2)RR耦合系统后,电堆未出现反极现象,CO法拉第效率(73.1%)接近稳定电源所获得的最佳值。未来研究可通过优化催化剂和电堆设计,有望进一步提高耦合系统CO_(2)RR转化效率。

溶剂低压过热蒸汽热裂解塑料制油过程特性

低碳清洁处理塑料垃圾对环境保护和循环经济发展具有重要意义。本文提出了一种在低压过热溶剂蒸汽体系中高效热裂解液化塑料的方法,以聚丙烯(PP)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为原料,研究了塑料在溶剂低压过热蒸汽环境中(≤5MPa)热裂解液化过程特性,并提出了两种塑料热液化过程中的降解机制。结果表明:低压有机溶剂蒸汽体系能在相对温和的条件下实现塑料的高效液化,330℃是本研究中实现塑料快速热裂解液化的起始温度。在此温度下,PP在甲醇、乙醇、丙酮中的热裂解液化率均为100%,HDPE在三种溶剂中的热裂解液化率分别为100%、72.9%和71.03%。在本研究条件下,塑料液化中小分子更容易发生缩聚反应,放出大量热并使反应体系温度出现不同幅度的飞升,从而为塑料进一步解聚为小分子提供能量,提高塑料的热裂解液化率。PP热裂解液化油中含氧化合物的质量分数大于40%,而HDPE的热裂解液化油中氧化物含量低,且烃类的质量分数大于80%,作为燃料使用的潜力大。

用于稠油热采井的耐温凝胶堵剂研制与评价——以春光油田为例

针对河南春光油田稠油热采水平井水窜严重的问题,通过耐高温凝胶堵剂配方研究及性能评价,配套双封定位封堵工艺,实现了水平井不同水窜位置的有效封堵。所研制的耐高温凝胶堵剂,具有耐温耐盐性能好和封堵强度高的特点,耐盐1.00×10^(5)mg/L,耐温达到350℃,高温60 h后突破真空度仍保持在0.065 MPa以上,现场实施后有效延缓了稠油水平井水窜速度,改善了稠油热采水平井开发效果。