Applicability of sewage heat pump air-conditioning system

A sewage heat pump system and its application based on a project in Chongqing,China,were discussed. Based on the sewage conditions,a feasibility analysis of the sewage heat pump air conditioning system was conducted. The theoretical and quantitative calculations indicate that sewage flux in the city sewage main pipe in the project can satisfy heat exchange requirements,and taking water from the pipes has relatively small influence on the pipe net in summer and winter. The sewage heat pump air-conditioning system can save 21.5% operating cost in one year,which is energy efficient and environmentally friendly.

Thermodynamic Simulation of CCP in Air-Cooled Heat Pump Unit with HFCs and CO₂Trans-Critical

The exergy analysis and finite time thermodynamic methods had been employed to analyze the compound condensation process (CCP). It was based on the air-cooling heat pump unit. The cooling capacity of the chiller unit is about 1 kW, and the work refrigerant is R22/R407C/R410A/CO2. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software was employed to build the simulation model. The thermodynamic simulation model is significant for the optimization of parameters of the unit, such as condensation and evaporation temperature and mass flow of the sanitary hot water and size of hot water storage tank. The COP of the CCP of R410A system is about 3% - 5% higher than the CCP of the R22 system, while CCP of the R407C system is a little lower than the CCP of R22 system. And the CCP of CO2 trans-critical system has advantage in the hot supply mode. The simulation method provided a theoretical reference for developing the production of CCP with substitute refrigerant R407C/R410A/CO2.

Simulation of Air Source Heat Pump with Refrigerant Injection for Heating Operation

An air source heat pump(ASHP)with refrigerant injection is proposed for the air conditioning system of electric vehicles(EVs),especially for efficient heating in cold winter,when there is no wasted heat of engines.The simulation model is built with the framework of two-phase fluid network,where the compressor is separated as two compressors and the economizer is treated as two heat exchangers in the injection path and the main refrigerant path.With the validated simulation model,the heating performance is analyzed,and the results show that the coefficient of performance(COP)of ASHP with refrigerant injection is higher than 1.4 and the discharge temperature is less than 100℃ when the outdoor temperature is-20℃.The above performance ensures that the air conditioning system and EVs can operate normally with high efficiency even in the cold winter,which is much helpful for the practicability of EVs.

Experimental Study of Energy-Saving Air-Conditioner with Hot Water

Energy-saving air-conditioner with hot water is an air source heat pump air-conditioner,which can also supply hot water.The hot water is heated by a double pipe condenser connected with an air-cooled condenser in series in the system.This experiment of the energy-saving air-conditioner was carried out in the enthalpy-difference air-conditioner laboratory.The hot water temperature and the compressor's discharge and suction pressure were recorded in the working condition,where the ambient temperature was at 43 ℃,35 ℃,21 ℃,7 ℃,and 2 ℃ separately.The results showed that the system operated stably and reliably.This system can supply 240 L hot water at 50 ℃ in the whole year,and its coefficience of performance(COP)is much higher than the conventional air source heat pump system.Its energy conservation was proved by comparing the thermal efficiency with other sourece water heaters.

Investigation on the Influence of Refrigerant Charge Amount on the Cooling Performance of Air Conditioning Heat Pump System for Electric Vehicles

The application of air conditioning heat pump(ACHP) in electric vehicles could lead to significant electrical power saving effect. As for an air conditioning heat pump system for electric vehicles, the influence of refrigerant charge amount should be investigated during the design phase. In this study, experimental method was employed to investigate the influence of the refrigerant charge amount on the performance of the ACHP system. The results showed that the refrigerant charge amount had different influence on the refrigerant properties at various locations within the system. The coefficient of performance and pressure-enthalpy diagram were calculated, and showed a close relationship with refrigerant charge amount under different compressor speeds. The degree of subcooling and the degree of superheating were recorded and the critical charge amount was determined by a typical practical test method. In addition, the critical refrigerant charge amount determined by the experimental method was also compared with two typical void fraction correlation models, and the model with consideration of two phase stream reaction of the refrigerant showed a good estimation accuracy on the critical charge amount.

新型低GWP制冷剂在-100~200℃的应用研究进展

制冷剂是蒸气压缩循环中必不可少的工作流体,氢氟烷烃类化合物是目前制冷、空调和热泵设备中的主要制冷剂,但该类制冷剂会引起全球变暖等问题,因此亟需开发应用性能相似、环境性能友好的新型制冷剂。介绍了不同制冷剂在-100~200℃蒸气压缩循环应用场景中的使用现状,并综述了具有前景的低GWP制冷剂替代方案研究进展;在此基础上,对HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze(E)、HFO-1234ze(Z)、HCFO-1233zd(E)、HFO-1336mzz(Z) 5种低GWP制冷剂在实际应用系统中的最新研究及关键问题进行总结。

课程思政视域下空调用热泵技术及应用课程教学改革探索

高校承载着人才培养的重任,是大学生思想政治教育的重要阵地。推进课程思政建设是将价值观教育与知识传授和能力培养融合,帮助大学生塑造正确的世界观、人生观和价值观,是落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措。如何在知识传授中实现价值引领,避免课程思政教育与专业教育“两张皮”的问题,是目前课程思政教育中的关键问题之一。基于建筑环境与能源应用工程专业的空调用热泵技术及应用课程特点以及新时代背景下的人才要求,对课程内容蕴含的思政元素进行了初步探索,并对教学模式等进行了讨论,推进课程思政建设融合,打造高质量思政课堂。

增程式电动汽车乘员舱多热源制热方案设计与仿真

以增程式电动汽车为研究对象,与热泵空调技术相结合,设计可利用发动机余热、电驱系统余热、PTC(positive temperature coefficient)、车外空气等多种热源的乘员舱制热方案。制定乘员舱多热源制热控制策略,搭建AMESim和Simulink联合仿真模型,对方案和策略进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:在有余热利用的情况下,乘员舱制热优先选取发动机余热回收模式,其次选择电驱余热回收热泵模式;在无余热利用情况下,-10℃及以上温度选择空气源热泵制热,-10℃以下选择PTC进行制热。将多热源集成式制热策略与PTC单独制热、空气源热泵制热策略进行对比分析,结果表明:在不同环境温度下多热源集成式制热策略总能耗均最低,在环境温度为-20℃时,集成式制热能耗比PTC制热能耗降低32.1%,比空气源热泵制热能耗降低50.7%。

比亚迪纯电动汽车热泵空调系统故障检修分析

比亚迪热泵空调系统专为电动汽车设计,基于逆卡诺循环原理,利用极少的电能,从外部环境中吸收热能,然后将其转移到车厢内或电池系统中,以实现温度调节。该文以比亚迪纯电动汽车热泵空调系统为例,阐述了其热泵空调系统的结构组成和工作原理,分析了热泵空调系统常见故障类型和典型故障案例的原因与诊断思路,为新能源汽车热泵空调的维修提供技术参考。

新能源汽车空调热泵技术应用探讨

新能源汽车与国家节能减排的指导战略一致,在能源日益紧张的今天,即可解决民众出行对交通工具的需求,同时可减少车辆运行中对资源的消耗,也不会出现严重的环境污染问题,所以在未来有较大的发展潜力。制冷与制热是汽车空调的主要功能,传统燃油车的制冷制热技术已可非常成熟地利用燃油资源。然而,以往燃油车因技术的限制,虽然可进行制冷与制热的操作,但是存在较大的问题,比如能源利用率低,与我国能源战略的初衷相悖。新能源汽车具有无污染、零排放等优点,新能源汽车空调热泵技术的运用,可显著提高新能源汽车的综合性能,所以该技术在新能源汽车领域备受关注。本文对新能源热泵空调系统的工作模式及热泵空调技术应用状况进行探讨分析,梳理空调热泵的应用内容,探讨其在未来面临的发展机遇及面临的挑战。

基于蓄热装置辅助的燃料电池电动车供暖系统动态仿真

为了辅助燃料电池车辆预热,提升燃料电池在低温下的冷启动速率以及降低电动车能耗,该文提出了一种基于热泵和蓄热装置联合的燃料电池电动车供暖方案,并开展了燃料电池车辆系统动态仿真研究,对比了有无蓄热装置辅助的系统对车辆运行过程的影响。结果表明:在寒冷运行环境下,蓄热装置可确保驾驶循环工况下循环冷却液热量来源的连续性,相较于无蓄热装置的热管理系统,热泵和蓄热联合供暖方案可使空调系统能耗下降26%;利用蓄热装置辅助的供暖系统能够改善燃料电池电动车的冬季冷启动特性,优化车辆电池系统的热管理。

前置暖风器电站锅炉烟气余热回收系统多参数设计与变工况运行策略

针对前置暖风器烟气余热回收系统,建立了多参数设计优化与变工况特性计算模型,开展了系统的多参数优化,并提出了运行参数控制策略。结果表明:多参数优化后系统在设计工况下的节煤率为3.67 g/(kW·h);多参数优化后的系统在变工况下虽能保持较高的节煤率,但系统的安全性受到环境温度和负荷的严重制约;采用所提出的控制策略可使系统在100%额定负荷下,安全运行的环境温度下限从24℃扩展至-3℃,显著提高了系统优化的综合效果。

融霜工况影响下空气源热泵机组频率控制系统

空气源热泵机组在融霜工况下,由于外部环境温度低,机组内部的水箱和管路可能会结霜,导致传热效率下降、能耗增加,使得频率控制不精准。为此,设计融霜工况影响下空气源热泵机组频率控制系统。设计PLC频率控制结构、频率控制中央处理器与PID控制阀门,联合控制热源侧水泵变频。计算机组结霜量,获取换热器的有效集热量。基于分段调节思想,利用计算机调整侧水泵出水量和调节参数,计算融霜启动调频速度。由实验结果可知,所设计系统在不同融霜工况下控制效果与实际最为接近,控制结果误差最大仅为0.1 Hz,能够实现精准控制频率。

地埋管换热系统改造项目关键技术节点施工工艺研究

天津某管业公司建筑原采用常压燃气热水锅炉供热和分体式空调供冷,现拟以浅层地热能为基础能源对原供热制冷系统进行改造,施工前首先通过现场岩土热响应试验、地下管线探测等查明施工场地岩土体结构和换热能力,掌握地下综合管线的分布,并对建筑单位冷热负荷指标校正。重点阐述地埋管换热系统施工过程的关键技术节点,即竖直换热孔钻进、下管、回填及水平管线连接等,为类似改造项目提供参考。

基于决策树算法的冷冻水系统优化运行研究

以四川省成都市某办公建筑空气源热泵中央空调系统为研究对象,针对冷冻水系统制定夏季供冷工况下变冷冻水供水温度与变冷冻水流量相耦合的优化运行策略。首先依据运行数据确定出建筑负荷的主要影响因素;其次结合影响因素依据建筑负荷建立决策树算法,将系统运行工况分为7类;最后整理出每种分类工况下空调系统能效COPsys的分布情况,并以COPsys最高时对应的冷冻水供水温度和冷冻水泵设定频率作为该工况下最佳设定参数。结果表明:以上一年度的运行条件为基准,使用该运行策略在保证室内环境舒适度要求的前提下,夏季可以节约33%左右的电量,有效提升了中央空调系统的运行效率。

电动汽车CO_(2)热泵空调系统优化及制冷性能分析

为提升电动汽车CO_(2)热泵空调系统的制冷性能,文章构建了中间补气+回热器的跨临界CO_(2)系统,通过仿真研究了气体冷却器出口温度(T_(go))、气体冷却器压力(P_(g))、中间补气压力(P_(m))、相对补气量(β)、回热器过热度(ΔT)对系统制冷系数(EER)、制冷量(Q_(e))和压缩机排气温度(Tco)的影响及中间补气对回热器优化能力的提升。研究表明:存在最佳气体冷却器压力和最佳中间补气压力使得EER达到最大值,并得到两者与气体冷却器出口温度的关系式;气体冷却器出口温度上升会使系统性能下降,中间补气量和回热器过热度的增加能提升系统性能,EER提升了15.64%和6.07%,制冷量提升了27.88%和4.78%;回热器过热度的增加会导致压缩机排气温度上升,中间补气可降低压缩机排气温度,当限定压缩机排气温度时,中间补气可使回热器对EER和制冷量的优化能力分别提升了203%和173.87%;相对于基础跨临界CO_(2)系统,文章构建的优化系统在所研究工况内可使系统EER和制冷量分别提升18.38%和35.03%。

太阳能—地源热泵式空调自适应模糊PID复合控制方法

为了优化太阳能-地源热泵空调系统的能耗和效率,减少环境因素对稳定运行的影响,提出自适应模糊PID复合控制方法。通过监控管理层上位机采集现场数据信号,并下发开关量信号至PLC控制器,再通过PLC控制器对太阳能集热器、循环水泵和温度进行控制。同时,将模糊PID控制器作为子程序控制循环水泵的频率,温度误差和误差变化率作为复合控制器的输入,通过模糊化处理输入信号,调节PID控制的相关参数,输出控制变频器频率的信号,以调节水泵电机的运转速度,精准控制室内温度。实验结果表明,该方法能提高太阳能的利用率,具有较好的抗干扰性能和较高的制冷、供暖性能系数,可实现高效的节能效果。

电动工程机械双热源热泵空调系统的仿真和试验

热泵空调系统是电动汽车新型加热取暖方式之一,具有制热制冷效率高、控制方便等优势,其在电动工程机械领域也有良好的应用前景。但热泵空调系统最大的应用难题是其利用的冷媒R134a在低温环境温度下,由于制冷剂本身性质的限制及室外侧换热器结霜现象,导致系统的制热性能严重下降,进而影响热泵空调系统的综合性能。据此,提出了基于双热源热泵空调的纯电工程机械整车热管理系统的解决办法,引入工程机械的电驱系统余热作为电驱源,与传统热泵空调的空气源组成双热源热泵空调系统,通过系统中余热的合理运用,提高能量利用率。AMESim仿真和热管理试验平台不同模式下的试验结果表明,电驱源热泵系统的制热性能明显优于传统空气热源热泵,有效提高制热能效系数。

热泵型多联式空调系统稳态仿真

热泵型多联式空调系统(简称热泵型多联机)相对于单冷型多联机,在系统结构和系统控制上更复杂,使得对其进行性能仿真时,需要在系统描述和求解算法方面进行改进。本文对热泵型多联机进行稳态仿真。通过使用邻接矩阵的对角线元素来反映部件工作状态,变换邻接矩阵切换制冷制热模式的方法,对热泵型多联机的结构进行描述;根据热泵型多联机实际运行时的控制策略,采用基于过热度/过冷度的制冷剂流量分配算法对模型进行求解。对于样机的仿真及实验对照表明:在额定制冷和额定制热工况下,热泵型多联机仿真预测的系统能力、功率和系统能效的误差均在5%以内,系统温度和压力的误差分别在±3℃和±100 kPa以内,能够满足热泵型多联机设计的精度需求。