Healthcare Services Interoperability in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities

In an attempt to assess the Kenyan healthcare system, this study looks at the current efforts that are already in place, what challenges they face, and what strategies can be put into practice to foster interoperability. By reviewing a variety of literature and using statistics, the paper ascertains notable impediments such as the absence of standard protocols, lack of adequate technological infrastructure, and weak regulatory frameworks. Resultant effects from these challenges regarding health provision target enhanced data sharing and merging for better patient outcomes and allocation of resources. It also highlights several opportunities that include the adoption of emerging technologies, and the establishment of public-private partnerships to strengthen the healthcare framework among others. In this regard, the article provides recommendations based on stakeholder views and global best practices addressed to policymakers, medical practitioners, and IT specialists concerned with achieving effective interoperability within Kenya’s health system. This research is relevant because it adds knowledge to the existing literature on how healthcare quality can be improved to make it more patient-centered especially in Kenya.

Evaluating and Addressing Interoperability Constraints in Health Information Systems for Enhanced Healthcare Delivery in Zimbabwe

Interoperability constraints in health information systems pose significant challenges to the seamless exchange and utilization of health data, hindering effective healthcare delivery. This paper aims to evaluate and address these constraints to enhance healthcare delivery. The study examines the current state of interoperability in health information systems, identifies the key constraints, and explores their impact on healthcare outcomes. Various approaches and strategies for addressing interoperability constraints are discussed, including the adoption of standardized data formats, implementation of interoperability frameworks, and establishment of robust data governance mechanisms. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of stakeholder collaboration, policy development, and technical advancements in achieving enhanced interoperability. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive evaluation of interoperability constraints and the implementation of targeted interventions to promote seamless data exchange, improve care coordination, and enhance patient outcomes in healthcare settings.

A Study on the Challenges and Solutions of Blockchain Interoperability

With the development of blockchain technology,a variety of mutually independent blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,as well as private and consortium chains,coexist in large numbers.As a linker of the blockchain network,blockchain interoperability will link more blockchain ecosystems,realize the interconnection of the blockchain and enhance the scalability of the blockchain.This paper summarizes typical blockchain interoperability projects.Firstly,it proposes a blockchain interoperability definition and an architecture model.Secondly,it analyzes technical characteristics of blockchain interoperability,and typical blockchain interoperability cases are compared.Finally,the trend of future development of blockchain interoperability technology is summarized and discussed.

An Interoperability Cross-Block Chain Framework for Secure Transactions in IoT

The purpose of this research is to deal with effective block chain framework for secure transactions.The rate of effective data transactions and the interoperability of the ledger are the two major obstacles involved in Blockchain and to tackle this issue,Cross-Chain based Transaction(CCT)is introduced.Traditional industries have been restructured by the introduction of Internet of Things(IoT)to become smart industries through the feature of data-driven decision-making.Still,there are a few limitations,like decentralization,security vulnerabilities,poor interoperability,as well as privacy concerns in IoTs.To overcome this limitation,Blockchain has been employed to assure a safer transaction process,especially in asset exchanges.In recent decades,scalable local ledgers implement Blockchains,simultaneously sustaining peer validations of transactions which can be at local or global levels.From the single Hyperledger-based blockchains system,the CCT takes the transaction amid various chains.In addition,the most significant factor for this registration processing strategy is the Signature to ensure security.The application of the Quantum cryptographic algorithm amplifies the proposed Hyperledger-based blockchains,to strengthen the safety of the process.The key has been determined by restricting the number of transactions that reach the global Blockchain using the quantum-based hash function and accomplished by scalable local ledgers,and peer validations of transactions at local and global levels without any issues.The rate of transaction processing for entire peers has enhanced with the ancillary aid of the proposed solution,as it includes the procedure of load distribution.Without any boosted enhancement,the recommended solution utilizes the current transaction strategy,and also,it’s aimed at scalability,resource conservation,and interoperability.The experimental results of the system have been evaluated using the metrics like block weight,ledger memory,the usage of the central processing unit,and the communication overhead.

Problem of interoperability in semantic web service system

In order to fully realize semantic interoperability among distributed and heterogeneous applications on the web, a set of effective interoperability mechanisms is presented. This mechanism adopts service interactive interfaces （SII） and service aggregative interfaces （SAI） modeled with abstract state machine （ASM） to abstractly describe the behavior of the invoked web service instances, which makes business processing accurately specify tasks and effectively solves the problems of communication and collaboration between service providers and service requesters. The mechanism also uses appropriate mediators to solve the problems of information and coinmunication incompatibility during the course of service interaction, which is convenient for service interoperability, sharing and integration. The mechanism＇ s working principle and interoperability implementation are illustrated by a use case in detail.

基于ArcGIS Data Interoperability的空间数据格式转换

通过分析AutoCAD和ArcGIS的数据结构,提出了如何利用ArcGIS Data Interoper-ability实现CAD数据与GIS数据的语义转换.采用这种方法进行数据转换,可以在数据转换过程中重构数据实体,能够有效地解决"如何实现数据在不同平台之间的转换,实现数据共享"这个制约GIS发展的瓶颈问题.

从术语学的角度看一个跨学科术语“Interoperability”的汉译定名

文章通过对一个跨学科术语"Interoperability"一名多译的个案情况分析,以说明术语学知识对于专业翻译实践的指导意义。"Interoperability"由于概念繁杂晦涩等因素,造成了术语混乱与定名难的问题。为了解决这个问题,笔者通过概念派结合词义派的方法,即以概念为先导结合词义搭配关系的方法,尝试提出了这个术语概念的3个译名,目的是能够在中文中确定其3个词义及其相关的概念。

Study of Interoperability in Mobile Agent Environment

The paper mainly represents how to solve the problem. OMG CORBA, MASIF and FIPA standards are closely analysed here, then are combined to guarantee the interoperability of Mobile Agent System. We present four layer of interoperability in our system and the method to implement it and compare our system to the existing system. Key words mobile agent - interoperability - CORBA - MASIF - FIPA CLC number TP 391 Foundation item: Supported by the Key Science and Techndology project of Wuhan City(20011007087)Biography: PENG De-wei (1976-), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: mobile agent, distributed computing and web systems

Federated Spatial Databases and Interoperability

It is a period of information explosion. Especially for spatial information science, information can be acquired through many ways, such as man made planet, aeroplane, laser, digital photogrammetry and so on. Spatial data sources are usually distributed and heterogeneous. Federated database is the best resolution for the share and interoperation of spatial database. In this paper, the concepts of federated database and interoperability are introduced. Three heterogeneous kinds of spatial data, vector, image and DEM are used to create integrated database. A data model of federated spatial databases is given.

Computation of satellite clock-ephemeris augmentation parameters for dual-frequency multi-constellation satellite-based augmentation system

Dual-frequency multi-constellation(DFMC) satellitebased augmentation system(SBAS) does not broadcast fast correction, which is important in reducing range error in L1-only SBAS.Meanwhile, the integrity bound of a satellite at low elevation is so loose that the service availability is decreased near the boundary of the service area. Therefore, the computation of satellite clockephemeris(SCE) augmentation parameters needs improvement.We propose a method introducing SCE prediction to eliminate most of the SCE error resulting from global navigation satellite system GNSS broadcast message. Compared with the signal-inspace(SIS) after applying augmentation parameters broadcast by the wide area augmentation system(WAAS), SIS accuracy after applying augmentation parameters computed by the proposed algorithm is improved and SIS integrity is ensured. With global positioning system(GPS) only, the availability of category-I(CAT-I)with a vertical alert level of 15 m in continental United States is about 90%, while the availability in the other part of the WAAS service area is markedly improved. With measurements made by the stations from the crustal movement observation network of China,users in some part of China can obtain CAT-I(vertical alert limit is 15 m) service with GPS and global navigation satellite system(GLONASS).

Geospatial Semantic Interoperability Based on Ontology

In GIS field, great varieties of information from different domains are involved in order to solve actual problems. But usually spatial information is stored in diverse spatial databases, manipulated by different GIS platforms. Semantic heterogeneity is caused due to the distinctions of conception explanations among various GIS implements. It will result in the information obtaining and understanding gaps for spatial data sharing and usage. An ontology-based model for spatial information semantic interoperability is put forward after the comprehensive review of progress in ontology theory, methodology and application research in GIS domain.

BIM Methodology Applied in Structural Design: Analysis of Interoperability in ArchiCAD/ETABS Process

The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology considers the representation of the building as a virtual BIM model and its main concept is to centralize all the information generated throughout the development of the project. Structural design involves a set of tasks, namely, structure definition, structural analyses, and after the generation of drawings and technical documentation. In all processes, it is required confidence in data transferred between the BIM systems used, and to support this, a high level of interoperability is claimed. The present study aims to evaluate the degree of interoperability between the BIM-based platforms, ArchiCAD (Graphisoft), Revit (Autodesk), and ETABS (CSI). Two-way data flows between these systems were explored using distinct transfer strategies: add-in applications;Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard data format. The research made allows identifying the most appropriate procedure to be adopted by structural engineers, given the interoperability limitations verified, enabling the establishment of a practical guide of sequential procedures on the development of structural designs using BIM tools.

The Interoperability of Distributed DBMSs in a CORBA-Based Multidatabase System

One way of achieving interoperability among heterogeneous, distributed DBMSs is through a multidatabase system. Recently, there is an increasing use of CORBA implementation in developing multidatabase systems. Panorama is a multidatabase system that has been implemented on the top of CORBA compliant namely VisiBroker. It aims to achieve interoperability among Oracle, Sybase and other different DBMSs through the registration of these DBMSs to Panorama and through the single global query language PanoSQL designed for this system. In this paper, we first introduce CORBA for the interoperability in multidatabase systems. Then, a general view for our designed multidatabase system, Panorama, has been given. In section four, we introduce the global query language PanoSQL designed to achieve interoperability among the different DBMSs implemented in Panorama. Then, as an example, we present the registration of Oracle to Panorama in order to achieve interoperability in this system. And finally, a conclusion and the future work for this system have been given.

Semantic interoperability:a metadata mediator approach

In this paper, we present a metadata mediation approach to intelligent integration of semantically heterogeneous geographical information (GI). Based on formalized metadata and expert system technology. the system can understand metadata of GI, represent explicit metadata knowledge, and use metadata mediator to automatically detect Semantic conflicts and resolve them: Furthermore, the prototype of metadata mediator has been given in this paper.

Minimal-Length Interoperability Test Sequences Generation via Genetic Algorithm

A novel interoperability test sequences optimization scheme is proposed in which the genetic algorithm （GA） is used to obtain the minimal-length interoperability test sequences. During our work, the basic interoperability test sequences are generated based on the minimal-complete-coverage criterion, which removes the redundancy from conformance test sequences. Then interoperability sequences minimization problem can be considered as an instance of the set covering problem, and the GA is applied to remove redundancy in interoperability transitions. The results show that compared to conventional algorithm, the proposed algorithm is more practical to avoid the state space explosion problem, for it can reduce the length of the test sequences and maintain the same transition coverage.

Use of LTE for the Interoperability between Different Generations of Wireless Communication

This paper looks potential approaches to interoperability as well as inter-technology mobility using Long Term Evolution (LTE) between different generations of wireless communication. Focus is given on how these approaches can be used in interoperable service deployment, access technology integration, service continuity and smooth migration to LTE by maximizing the use of legacy networks coverage. One of the most important interoperability criterions is the handover latency. Using NCTUNS6 simulator it is shown that LTE (4G) provides less handover latency in comparison to that of other generations of wireless communication system for homogeneous environment.

Interoperability of Wireless Networks with 4G Based on Layer Modification

Fourth generation wireless communication systems feel the necessity of transparent and seamless user roaming with end-to-end connectivity. These systems also demand higher data rate, higher mobility support and QoS guarantees due to rapid development of wireless and mobile networks. These requirements open potentials for the operators to increase their service portfolio and for the users to experience context-rich and personalized services. Consequently the interoperability between different wireless network platforms emerges as a crucial necessity. Here focus is given to the significance of the network interoperability aspect based on layered approach and its role in the development towards 4G. This paper also gives an overview of the major 4G features and differentiating characteristics from other generations.

Using a Health Level 7 Interoperability Bus to Support Legacy Systems in the Health Domain

In order to reduce the effort in the integration and actualization of heterogeneous healthcare legacy systems that should share a common database, we propose the creation of an interoperability bus using the HL7 standard—the HL7Middleware. This interoperability bus is an intermediate layer responsible for the communication between a database, health information systems and medical equipment, called HL7Server. Connected systems use the HL7 messaging semantics to store and retrieve data from the database. We validate our approach with respect to two different criteria: performance and integration costs. Benchmark tests were executed with and without the use of HL7Middleware and with different network bandwidths. These results demonstrated that the performance of the interoperability bus is higher when compared to traditional database access for larger volumes of data and when the bandwidth of the user is considerably lower than the bandwidth of the connection between HL7Server and database. The overall development and deployment cost was considered low and the reusability degree of wrapper code was considered high, thus suggesting a progressive reduction of the integration costs of additional services and subsystems of an organization.

Service-Oriented Semantic Interoperability Technologies and Standards

Service-Oriented Software Engineering （SOSE） presents new challenges; in particular, how to promote interoperability and cooperation among loosely-coupled service resources. This is critical for service resource sharing and for implementing on-demand services. This paper discusses key technologies of service virtualization, including encapsulation of service interoperability （for available resources）; ontology-based Role, Goal, Process, and Service （RGPS） metamodeling （for interoperable aggregation and organization of virtualization services）; registration and repository management of Metamodel Framework for Interoperability （MFI） （for virtualization service management）; and virtualization service ontology and its represented association with RGP＆ Latest progress of the MFI and ISQ standards is also discussed.