Cerebral arterial blood flow,attention,and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension,and surgery is currently the main treatment for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,but the bleeding caused by surgery will cause damage to the patient's nerve cells,resulting in cognitive and motor dysfunction,resulting in a decline in the patient's quality of life.AIM To investigate associations between cerebral arterial blood flow and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.METHODS Eighty-nine patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and July 2021 were selected as the observation group,while 100 patients without depression who had acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were selected as the control group.The attention span of the patients was assessed using the Paddle Pin Test while executive function was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-24)was used to evaluate the severity of depression of involved patients.Cerebral arterial blood flow was measured in both groups.RESULTS The MoCA score,net scores I,II,III,IV,and the total net score of the scratch test in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Concurrently,the total number of responses,number of incorrect responses,number of persistent errors,and number of completed responses of the first classification in the WCST test were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery were positively correlated with the net and total net scores of each part of the Paddle Pin test and the MoCA score(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with each part of the WCST test(P<0.05).In the observation group,the post-treatment improvement was more prominent in the Paddle Pin test,WCST test,HAMD-24 score,and MoCA score compared with those in the pre-treatment period(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery significantly improved in the observation group after treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Impaired attention,and executive and cognitive functions are correlated with cerebral artery blood flow in patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and warrant further study.

Analysis of the Role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Care in Thyroid Cancer Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 72 cases.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy based on standard nursing practices.The self-care ability(self-concept,self-efficacy,self-care skills,health knowledge level),coping style(confrontation,avoidance,and surrender),and quality of life(psychological function,social function,material life,physical function)of both groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results:In comparison to the pre-intervention period,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher self-care ability,quality of life,and confrontation scores after the intervention,as opposed to the control group.Additionally,the avoidance and surrender scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,with these differences proving to be statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The application of cognitive behavioral therapy can enhance the self-care ability of thyroid cancer patients,aid in better disease coping,and improve their overall quality of life.This approach is deserving of further promotion.

Effects of oxygen concentration and flow rate on cognitive ability and physiological responses in the elderly

The supply of highly concentrated oxygen positively affects cognitive processing in normal young adults. However, there have been few reports on changes in cognitive ability in elderly subjects following highly concentrated oxygen administration. This study investigated changes in cognitive ability, blood oxygen saturation （%）, and heart rate （beats/min） in normal elderly subjects at three different levels of oxygen [21% （1 L/min）, 93% （1 L/min）, and 93% （5 L/min）] administered during a 1-back task. Eight elderly male （75.3 ＋ 4.3 years old） and 10 female （71.1 ＋ 3.9 years old） subjects, who were normal in cognitive ability as shown by a score of more than 24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea, participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of an adaptation phase after the start of oxygen administration （3 minutes）, a control phase to obtain stable baseline measurements of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation before the task （2 minutes） and a task phase during which the 1-back task was performed （2 minutes）. Three levels of oxygen were administered throughout the three phases （7 minutes）. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured during each phase. Our results show that blood oxygen saturation increased, heart rate decreased, and response time in the 1-back task decreased as the concentration and amount of administered oxygen increased. This shows that administration of sufficient oxygen for optimal cognitive functioning increases blood oxygen saturation and decreases heart rate.

Does Cognitive Interference Induce Measurement Bias in Cognitive Ability Tests?

The aim of this paper was to test for measurement bias, due to cognitive interference on cognitive ability tests, using a structural equation modeling technique. The sample consisted of 231 undergraduate students who were examined with three tests addressed to numerical ability, space visualization and inductive ability, respectively. They were also asked to respond to the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire tapping task-oriented worries while working on the aforementioned tests. In comparing two nested models, one hypothesizing measurement bias due to cognitive interference and one not, results show that the test tapping inductive ability displays measurement bias due to cognitive interference.

Construction of Structural Elements and Characteristic System of Athletes’Cognitive Ability

Cognitive ability is important component of competitive ability of athletes,an important content of winning elements in sports,and an important topic of modern sports training and scientific research.These problems will restrict the improvement of athletes’cognitive ability and mental level.Based on the theory of psychology,use multiple hierarchical thinking,research cognitive theory of sports and the characteristics of cognitive ability of elite athletes,research the structure element system of cognitive ability,construct a two-level structure model of the cognitive ability of excellent athletes,summarize specific characteristics of the first level elements,and apply psychological cognitive theory to the training of modern Olympic Games mobilization,so as to provide valuable cognitive training,psychological training,and intelligence training for athletes theoretical guidance.

On the Apriority and Self-renewal of Cognitive Ability

Human cognition ability comes from sensory experience or gift concept.This is the difference between empiricism and rationalism in the two major factions of Western European philosophy in the 16th and 18th centuries.The weakness of empiricism is that it is impossible to obtain knowledge with universal necessity from complicated experience,and the inability to obtain new knowledge is the weakness of theory.How to reconcile the contradiction between the two has become a new theme.This paper will cut into the three aspects of philosophy,geometry,and modern business economy,and explore the innate nature of cognitive ability and the characteristics of human self-renewal that are manifested in the process of self-development of cognitive ability.Its significance is not only to explore the essence of human beings,but also to give hope to the multiple possibilities of human beings.

County-level USA:No Robust Relationship between Geoclimatic Variables and Cognitive Ability

Using a sample of~3,100 U.S.counties,we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography.These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography,even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations.Our results generally do not support UV radiation(UVR)based or other geoclimatic models.Specifically,although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S.county-level(β=-.33),its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates(β=-.16),and was reduced even further with a spatial lag(β=-.10).For climate models,average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag(β=.35).However,the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses.Moreover,when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity,no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag.Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model.Instead,results seemed to provide support for compositional models.

The Investigation Report of Farmers' Political Cognition and Ability

In order to investigate the situation of political cognition and ability,the research group had surveyed some rural areas by the methods of questionnaires,literature review and case interviews.The data results showed that farmers had an independent ability of political judgment,but on the other hand the actual voting rate was very low.In a word,there is a long way to improve farmers’political cognition and ability.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract improves the cognitive abilities of rats with D-galactose induced dementia

Standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been used in clinical trials for its beneficial effects on brain func- tions, particularly in dementia. Substantial experimental evidences indicated that Ginkgo biloba leaf extract （EGB） protected neuronal cells from a variety of insults. We investigated the effect of EGB on cognitive ability and protein kinase B （PKB） activity in hippocampal neuronal cells of dementia model rats. Rats received an intra- peritoneal injection of D-galactose to induce dementia. Forty-eight Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, including the control group, D-galactose group （Gal）, low-dose EGB group （EGB-L）, mid-dose EGB group （EGB-M）, high-dose EGB group （EGB-H） and treatment group. The EGB-L, EGB-M and EGB-H groups were administered with EGB and D-galactose simultaneously. Y-maze, cresyl violet staining, TUNEL assays and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect learning and memory abilities, morpho- logical changes in the hippocampus, neuronal apoptosis and the expressing level of phospho-PKB, respectively. Rats in the Gal group showed decreased abilities of learning and memory, and hippocampal pyramidal cell layer was damaged, while EGB administration improved learning and memory abilities. The Gal group exhibited many stained, condensed nuclei and micronuclei, either isolated or within the cytoplasm of cells （39.5 ± 1.4）. Apoptotic cells decreased in the groups of EGB-L （35.9±0.9）, EGB-M （16.8± 1.0） and EGB-H （10.1±0.8）, and there were statistical significances compared with the Gal group. Immunoreactivity of phospho-PKB was localized diffusely throughout the cytosol of cells in all groups, while the immunoreactivity of the Gal group was weak. EGB signifi- cantly attenuated learning and memory impairment in a dose-dependent manner, while it could decrease the nmber of TUNEL-positive cells, and increase the activity of PKB. Our results demonstrated that EGB attenuated memory impairment and cell apoptosis in galactose-induced dementia model rats by activating PKB.

Treatment Effects of Acupuncture and Calligraphy Training on Cognitive Abilities in Senile Demented Patients

Purpose:This study compared the relative effectiveness of Chinese calligraphy handwriting(CCH)and acupuncture in the treatment of patients with senile dementia.Materials and Methods:A randomized controlled trial(RCT)with 17 mild-to-moderate dementia patients with an average age of 77.29 years were randomly assigned with 9 to the calligraphy handwriting group and 8 to the acupuncture treatment group for a month of consecutive treatment.The participants'cognitive abilities,as well as symptoms of senile dementia,were measured by the Chinese version of the Mini-mental State Examination(CMMSE)and the Chinese Medicine Quantitative Diagnostic Survey for Senile Dementia Symptoms,respectively,before and after the treatment.Results:The calligraphy group showed a significant increase in calculation and memory as well as a decline in the symptoms of senile dementia.Patients in the acupuncture group experienced a significant growth in total CMMSE scores and the subscales in orientation to time and place,behavioral operations,as well as reduced clinical symptoms.However,no significant changes were found in their memory and calculation abilities.Conclusion:Both CCH and acupuncture treatments were found significantly effective for,respectively,enhancing the patients'cognitive abilities and reducing their clinical symptoms.Further,calligraphy handwriting also improved the level of their attention and concentration,physical relaxation,and emotional stability.

Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity during cognitive task-induced cerebral fatigue in high performance fighter pilots

BACKGROUND： Several studies have demonstrated that sustained cognitive tasks can induce cognitive fatigue and that the mean cerebral blood flow velocity changes in some cerebral regions during cerebral fatigue. OBJECTIVE： To dynamically monitor the changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in different brain regions of high performance fighter pilots during mental arithmetic tasks and consecutive performance tasks. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present neurophysiological trial, based on controlled observation, was performed at the Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force of China between January 2003 and December 2005. PARTICIPANTS： Forty-five males, high performance fighter pilots, averaging （27.6±2.5） years, were recruited for this study. METHODS： The mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery of subjects was dynamically tested using transcranial Doppler during 5- hour mental arithmetic tasks and during 5- hour consecutive performance tasks. The neurobehavioral ability index was analyzed throughout each trial according to the number of correct responses, false responses, and lost responses. Simultaneously, cerebral cognitive fatigue-induced lethargy was assessed by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery; neurobehavioral ability index of mental arithmetic and consecutive performance tasks; Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores. RESULTS： During mental arithmetic tasks, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery increased during hour 2 and decreased after hour 4. There was no significant change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. During hour 4, cerebral cognitive fatigue was observed and, simultaneously, Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores demonstrated the presence of fatigue. During such a stage, the neurobehavioral ability index decreased, indicating a decline in performance ability. During consecutive performance tasks, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity declined earlier in the posterior cerebral artery compared to the middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSION： Five- hour mental arithmetic tasks have few effects on cerebral functions and do not lead to a significant change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity. Five-hour consecutive performance tasks can induce cerebral cognitive fatigue, and a marked decline in mean cerebral blood flow velocity.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Cognitive and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Preserving AKT and ERK Activities

Progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment are the main clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Currently,there is no effective drug available for the treatment of AD.Previous studies have demonstrated that the cognitive impairment of AD is associated with oxidative stress and the inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation.Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE)has been shown to have strong antioxidant effect and can protect the nervous system from oxidative stress damage.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GSPE on the cognitive and synaptic impairments of AD using a sporadic AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular(ICV)injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(ICV-STZ).Rats were treated with GSPE(50,100,or 200 mg/kg every day)by intragastrical(ig.)administration for continuous 7 weeks,and ICV-STZ(3 mg/kg)was performed on the first day and third day of week 5.Learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM)test at week 8.After behavioral test,hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP)was recorded,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutases(SOD),glutathione(GSH)and the protein expression of AKT and ERK were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.Our study revealed that ICV-STZ significantly impaired the working learning ability and hippocampal LTP of rats,significantly increased the levels of MDA,and decreased the activity of SOD and GSH in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.In contrast,GSPE treatment prevented the impairment of cognitive function and hippocampal LTP induced by ICV-STZ,decreased the level of MDA,and increased the level of SOD and GSH.Furthermore,Western blot results showed that GSPE treatment could prevent the loss of AKT and ERK activities in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by ICV-STZ.Our findings demonstrate that GSPE treatment could ameliorate the impairment of cognitive ability and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of sporadic AD by inhibiting oxidative stress and preserving AKT and ERK activities.Therefore,GSPE may be an effective agent for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with sporadic AD.

Habilitation护理模式对智能减退患者认知功能、自理能力及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨Habilitation护理模式对智能减退患者认知功能、自理能力及生活质量的影响。方法:前瞻性选取2021年1月1日~2023年1月31日收治的智能减退患者120例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各60例,对照组给予常规护理,研究组给予Habilitation护理模式;比较两组护理满意度,干预前后认知功能[采用简易智能量表(MMSE)]、体衰能力[采用总体衰退量表(GDS)]、日常生活能力[采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)]、生活质量[采用生活质量量表(QOL)],同时记录两组在护理过程中不良安全行为发生情况。结果:研究组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.01);干预后,两组MMSE、QOL、ADL及GDS评分均优于干预前(P<0.01),且研究组优于对照组(P<0.01);研究组不良安全行为发生率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:应用Habilitation护理模式护理可改善智能减退患者的认知功能,提高其自理能力与生活质量,同时降低不良安全行为发生率,安全性较高,值得临床推广。

Does Light Exposure during Embryonic Development Affect Cognitive Behavior in a Lizard?

Light is essential for embryonic development in many ovipa rous animals including fish,amphibians,and birds.However,light may be harmful for reptile embryos developing underground where they are in complete darkness and beneath thin eggshells.Nonetheless,how embryonic light conditions affect reptile development and offspring remains largely unknown.Here we incubated eggs in dark and light conditions to determine the effects of light exposure on embryonic development and offspring visual ability,spa tial cognitive ability and growth in a lacertid lizard,Eremias argus.Our experiments demonstrated that light stimulation shortened incubation duration of eggs,but did not affect hatching success,offspring size,visual ability or survival More interestingly,light exposure during incuba tion decreased spa tial cognitive ability and post-hatching growth of offspring On the basis of nega tive effects on offspring growth rates,our study indicates that in squamate reptiles with thin eggshells,light exposure in early development has negative effects on offspring cognitive ability.

Creative Problem-Solving and Music: Analyzing the Correlation between Music and Divergent Thinking Abilities

This research paper delves into the connection, between problem-solving and music. It’s a topic that has piqued the interest of scholars in fields, including science and neuroscience. The study explores how music can influence our ability to think divergently which is an aspect of creative thinking. It builds upon advancements in methods to investigate the relationship between music and divergent thinking aiming to uncover potential correlations. Doing it offers insights into the interplay between artistic expression and cognitive innovation. This research combines an analysis of existing literature with data collected from a group of participants shedding light on how music impacts our capacity for creative thinking. It demonstrates that music plays a role as a catalyst, for stimulating and enhancing thinking abilities.

体育课根本目标与根本内容的偏离与匡正

长久以来针对体育课根本目标、根本内容的讨论未能切实推进主要源于偏离传承知识与发展认知能力的轨道,执着于身体运动的手段论效用,遮蔽体育课根本内容。紧扣课程教育的属性,分析“内容”与“目标”的内涵认为:体育课的根本内容应立足于“游戏”,由身体运动文化要素构成;根本目标在于教师适时设定恰当的教学情境(方法、手段),干预学生的身体运动行为,帮助他们转变认知状态,将相关身体运动信息转化、融入身体,形成、发展运动认知能力。构建体育课根本目标与根本内容的意义体现为:明确体育课在“育人”方面无可替代,契合基础教育的基础性、一般性要求,兼顾国家(或社会)的需要、个人发展的需要、课程载体的属性,突出体育课的具身性特征。

虚拟现实情景认知康复训练联合音乐疗法在卒中后认知障碍患者中的应用研究

目的观察卒中后认知障碍患者行虚拟现实情景认知康复训练联合音乐疗法的临床效果。方法选取卒中后认知障碍患者106例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组应用常规康复护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上应用虚拟现实情景认知康复训练联合音乐疗法。比较2组患者干预前后认知功能、日常生活能力及生活质量变化,分析患者家属护理满意度。结果干预后,2组患者蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)及Barthel指数评分均高于干预前,且观察组各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,2组患者脑卒中影响量表(SIS)得分均提高,且观察组各维度得分及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者家属护理满意度为98.1%,高于对照组的86.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论虚拟现实情景认知康复训练联合音乐疗法有利于改善卒中后认知障碍患者认知功能,提高患者日常生活能力及生活质量。

健康操与认知任务训练在帕金森伴认知障碍患者中的应用

目的探讨健康操结合认知任务训练在帕金森合并轻度认知障碍(Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment,PD-MCI)患者中的应用效果。方法选取南通市第四人民医院2021年9月—2023年3月收治的PD-MCI患者90例,依照随机分配原则分为2组,各45例。对照组采取常规健康教育及常规训练,观察组在上述基础上采取健康操结合认知任务训练,为期6个月。对比2组干预前后认知功能[蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)、简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分]、跌倒风险[修订版跌倒效能量表(modified fall efficacy scale,MFES)评分]、运动功能[帕金森综合评分量表3(unified Parkinson's disease rating scale-Ⅲ,UPDRS-Ⅲ)评分]、平衡能力[起立-行走测试(timed up and go test,TUG)]。结果干预后,观察组MoCA、MMSE评分分别为(23.81±2.30)分、(23.59±1.80)分,较干预前升高,且高于对照组的(20.13±2.55)分、(20.78±2.32)分(P<0.05)。干预后,2组MFES评分较干预前升高,观察组为(7.34±0.59)分,高于对照组的(6.42±0.77)分(P<0.05);2组UPDRS-Ⅲ评分较干预前下降,观察组为(16.52±2.21)分,低于对照组的(18.15±2.04)分(P<0.05)。干预后,2组单任务TUG、双任务TUG时间均较干预前缩短,观察组为(11.44±0.70)s、(18.39±1.44)s,短于对照组的(13.54±1.26)s、(21.26±1.53)s(P<0.05)。结论健康操结合认知任务训练在PD-MCI患者中应用效果良好,能改善患者认知功能和运动功能,提高平衡能力,降低跌倒风险。

认知行为干预对固定矫正器正畸患者心理负担和自护能力的影响

目的:探讨认知行为干预对固定矫正器正畸患者心理负担和自护能力的影响。方法:选取2020年1月-2021年1月某院收治的90例固定矫正器正畸患者为研究对象,按照入院先后分为对照组和观察组,每组各45例;对照组采取常规干预,观察组采取认知行为干预;对比两组治疗依从性,干预前后心理负担[汉密尔顿焦虑自评量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁自评量表(HAMD)]、舒适度和疼痛情况[Kolcaba简化舒适状况量表、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、自护能力[自我护理能力量表(ESCA)]及自我效能[口腔保健自我效能量表(SESS)]。结果:两组治疗依从性比较,观察组高于对照组(χ^(2)=5.404,P<0.05)。干预后,两组HAMA、HAMD评分均下降(P<0.05),且观察组均低于对照组(t=-8.993,-7.187;P<0.05);干预后,两组Kolcaba量表评分均升高(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(t=10.804,P<0.05);两组VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),且观察组均低于对照组(t=-15.429,P<0.05);干预后,两组自我概念、健康知识水平、自我护理技能、自我护理责任感及ESCA量表总分均高于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(t=6.692,3.663,5.640,5.183;P<0.05);干预后,两组口腔就诊、正确刷牙、平衡饮食得分均高于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(t=4.295,7.013,7.427;P<0.05)。结论:对固定矫正器正畸患者采用认知行为干预效果显著,可提高治疗依从性,减轻心理负担,缓解疼痛,提高舒适度、自护能力和口腔保健自我效能。

高校教师学术创业经历对创新创业教学效果的影响研究

从学术创业理论视角出发,通过对全国多所高校949名创新创业教师进行问卷调查,再运用结构方程模型构建并验证教师学术创业经历对创新创业教学效果的影响机理,结果表明:高校创新创业教师学术创业经历对创新创业教学效果有显著的直接正向影响,学术创业经历通过提升教学认知与能力进而积极促进教师创新创业教学效果。因此,应进一步重视和加强学术创业实践、提升教学知行水平,从而促进创新创业教学效果的提升。