The thrust generation by electro-hydrodynamic （EHD） effect has been studied for a wire-cylinder arrangement under high DC voltage. Series of measurements have been conducted in order to determine the relationship be...The thrust generation by electro-hydrodynamic （EHD） effect has been studied for a wire-cylinder arrangement under high DC voltage. Series of measurements have been conducted in order to determine the relationship between generated thrust and corona discharge current, as well as its dependence on geometrical characteristics of the electrodes, e.g. electrode gap, wire and cylinder radii. The experimental investigation has shown a linear relationship between the generated thrust and the discharge current, while parametric analysis showed that increased electrode gap and emitter radius reduces the thrust. On the other hand, large gaps favor the thrust per unit power ratio.展开更多
The recent rapid growth in electronics has reached the point where there is a need for solid-state devices with excellent physical flexibility, which will be a significant advantage in modern electronic devices. In ...The recent rapid growth in electronics has reached the point where there is a need for solid-state devices with excellent physical flexibility, which will be a significant advantage in modern electronic devices. In particular, metal nanowires and nano-particles are chosen for electrodes because of their low resistance and high mechanical stability. Among the various alternatives, Ag nanomaterials have recently garnered increasing attention due to the high intrinsic conductivity, a transparency with a low sheet resistance and relatively low cost. We herein summarize recent developments toward flexible electronics on the basis of Ag nanomaterials , which show promising performance and outperform the commonly used. The typical fabrication techniques along with the promising applications for flexible devices, are thoroughly discussed.展开更多
The deposition of active materials directly onto metal wires is a general strategy to prepare wire-shaped electrodes for flexible and wearable energy storage devices. However, it is still a critical challenge to coat ...The deposition of active materials directly onto metal wires is a general strategy to prepare wire-shaped electrodes for flexible and wearable energy storage devices. However, it is still a critical challenge to coat active materials onto the aimed metal wires because of their smooth surface and small specific surface area. In this work, high porous nickel yarns（PNYs） was fabricated using commercial nylon yarns as templates through step-wise electroless plating, electroplating and calcination processes. The PNYs are composed of multiplied fibers with hollow tubular structure of 5–10 μm in diameter, allowing the imbibition of carbon nanotubes（CNTs） solution by a facile capillary action process. The prepared CNTs/PNY electrodes showed a typical electrochemical double layer capacitive performance and the constructed allsolid flexible wire-shaped symmetric supercapacitors provided a specific capacitance of 4.67 F/cm3 with good cycling stability at a current density of 0.6 A/cm3.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to fmd out effectiveness of chloride solid membrane electrode of coated wire system compared to solid membrane electrode of composite system, the Nernstian response and character＇s po...The purpose of this research was to fmd out effectiveness of chloride solid membrane electrode of coated wire system compared to solid membrane electrode of composite system, the Nernstian response and character＇s potential response （detection limit, selectivity and response time）. The chloride ISEs （ion selective electrodes） in this research were the solid membrane chloride ISEs based AgC1. There were two types of chloride ISEs that were developed, namely the chloride ISEs of coated wire and composite systems. Both types of electrodes were characterized. The selectivity was done by comparing Esel of the chloride standard solutions and Esel of the interference ions （Br- and I-）. The measurement of chloride ions in water samples was done by using the coated wire chloride ISE, the composite chloride ISE and the Mohr method. We compared the result of the two chloride ISE methods to that of standard method for chloride determination （Mohr） by using F-test and Post Hoc Test LSD （least significant difference） and Duncan. Analysis by using F-test and Post Hoc Test （LSD and Duncan） and characterization results of both the methods showed that coated wire chloride ISE was more effective compared to composite chloride ISE. Nemstian response was 59.83 mV/decade, linier range measurement was 10-1-10-5 M, limit detection was 1.23 × 10-5 M, response time along was 25 s and interfering ion was 10-4 M Br-.展开更多
Coated wire sensor for potentiometric determination ofDAP （dapoxetine HCI） in pure form and in biological fluidsbased on DAP-TPB （dapoxetine-tetraphenyl borate） as the sensing element in the presence of DOP （dioc...Coated wire sensor for potentiometric determination ofDAP （dapoxetine HCI） in pure form and in biological fluidsbased on DAP-TPB （dapoxetine-tetraphenyl borate） as the sensing element in the presence of DOP （dioctylphthalate） as the plasticizing solvent mediator was prepared. The best performance was obtained with a membrane composition of 10.0% （w/w） ion-pair, 45.0% DOP （w/w） and 45.0% PVC （w/w）. The electrode showed a Nemstian response （with a slope of 58.70 mV decade-1） for the concentration range of 4.2 × 10-5-1.0 ×10-2 mol/L. It illustrates a relatively fast response time in the whole concentration range （-15 s） in a pH range of 3.0-7.5. The selectivity coefficients were determined in relation to several inorganic and organic species. DAP is determined successfully in pure solutions and in biological fuids using the standard additions and petentiometric titrations methods.展开更多
Efflcient collection of water from fog can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortages in foggy but water-scarce areas,such as deserts,islands and so on.Unlike inefflcient fog meshes,corona discharge can char...Efflcient collection of water from fog can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortages in foggy but water-scarce areas,such as deserts,islands and so on.Unlike inefflcient fog meshes,corona discharge can charge water droplets and further enhance the water-collecting effect.This study proposes a novel multi-electrode collecting structure that can achieve efflcient and direction-independent water collection from fog.The multi-electrode structure consists of three parts:a charging electrode,an intercepting electrode and a ground electrode.Four types of watercollecting structures are compared experimentally,and the collection rates from a traditional fog mesh,a wire-mesh electrode with fog coming from a high-voltage electrode,a wire-mesh electrode with fog coming from a ground electrode and a multi-electrode structure are 2–3 g h^(-1),100–120 g h^(-1),60–80 g h^(-1)and 200–220 g h^(-1),respectively.The collection rate of the multielectrode structure is 100–150 times that of a traditional fog mesh and 2–4 times that of a wiremesh electrode.These results demonstrate the superiority of the multi-electrode structure in fog collection.In addition,the motion equation of charged droplets in an electric fleld is also derived,and the optimization strategy of electrode spacing is also discussed.This structure can be applied not only to fog collection,but also to air puriflcation,factory waste gas treatment and other flelds.展开更多
Effect of yttrium on low temperature toughness of weld metal deposited by TiO2-CaO type electrode has been investigated by transfering yttrium from welding pool to weld with fluxcored wire.The results show that the de...Effect of yttrium on low temperature toughness of weld metal deposited by TiO2-CaO type electrode has been investigated by transfering yttrium from welding pool to weld with fluxcored wire.The results show that the decrease in surface tension of liquid iron in welding pool and the variation in density of inclusion in weld are main causes for toughness improvement effect on weld by yttrium.展开更多
Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has been investigated to deposit large-scale metal parts due to its high deposition efficiency and low material cost.However,in the process of automatically manufacturing the high-...Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has been investigated to deposit large-scale metal parts due to its high deposition efficiency and low material cost.However,in the process of automatically manufacturing the high-quality metal parts by WAAM,several problems about the heat build-up,the deposit-path optimization,and the stability of the process parameters need to be well addressed.To overcome these issues,a new WAAM method based on the double electrode micro plasma arc welding(DE-MPAW)was designed.The circuit principles of different metal-transfer models in the DE-MPAW deposition process were analyzed theoretically.The effects between the parameters,wire feed rate and torch stand-off distance,in the process of WAAM were investigated experimentally.In addition,a real-time DE-MPAW control system was developed to optimize and stabilize the deposition process by self-adaptively changing the wire feed rate and torch stand-off distance.Finally,a series of tests were performed to evaluate the control system’s performance.The results show that the capability against interferences in the process of WAAM has been enhanced by this self-adaptive adjustment system.Further,the deposition paths about the metal part’s layer heights in WAAM are simplified.Finally,the appearance of the WAAM-deposited metal layers is also improved with the use of the control system.展开更多
A PVC membrane enoxacin ion-selective electrode based on a needle-shaped inner reference electrode was prepared. A Ag/AgCl wire was used as the substrate of this electrode. It was previously coated with a thin sheet o...A PVC membrane enoxacin ion-selective electrode based on a needle-shaped inner reference electrode was prepared. A Ag/AgCl wire was used as the substrate of this electrode. It was previously coated with a thin sheet of urea-formaldehyde resin containing Cl - ions to form a needle-shaped inner reference electrode, then the inner reference electrode was coated with a thin sheet of a PVC membrane containing an enoxacin tetraphenylborate ion-pair complex. The influences of various ion-pair complexes, concentrations of the active components in the membrane and the plasticizers on the performance of the electrode were studied by orthogonal design. The linear response range of the electrode was 7.9×10 -5 -1.0×10 -2 mol/L. The detection limit was 2.0×10 -5 mol/L. The slope was 30.4 mV/decade(25 ℃). The electrode can be used for the potentiometric determination of enoxacin tablets directly. The average recovery was 100.4%, and the RSD was 0.9%. The results agreed with those determined by the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.展开更多
Wire electrochemical machining(WECM)is a potential method for manufacturing macrostructures from difficult-to-cut materials,such as turbine slots,with good surface integrity and low costs.In this study,a novel tube el...Wire electrochemical machining(WECM)is a potential method for manufacturing macrostructures from difficult-to-cut materials,such as turbine slots,with good surface integrity and low costs.In this study,a novel tube electrode with array holes in the front and insulation in the back was applied using WECM to improve the machining precision and efficiency.Additionally,assisted by an immersion electrolyte and axial flushing,the electrolyte-deficient gap was supplemented to achieve the cutting of a very thick workpiece.The simulation results indicated that this method could effectively reduce the machining gap and improve the uniformity of the electric-and flow-field distributions.Experiments verified that when the uninsulated range(machining angle)was reduced from 360°to 90°,the side machining gap was reduced from 462.5µm to 175µm.Finally,using optimized machining parameters,array slits with gaps as small as(175±10)μm were machined on a powder superalloy René88DT sample with a thickness of 10 mm at a feed rate of 16µm/s.The feasibility of fabricating complex profiles using this method was verified using a self-designed servo device.展开更多
文摘The thrust generation by electro-hydrodynamic （EHD） effect has been studied for a wire-cylinder arrangement under high DC voltage. Series of measurements have been conducted in order to determine the relationship between generated thrust and corona discharge current, as well as its dependence on geometrical characteristics of the electrodes, e.g. electrode gap, wire and cylinder radii. The experimental investigation has shown a linear relationship between the generated thrust and the discharge current, while parametric analysis showed that increased electrode gap and emitter radius reduces the thrust. On the other hand, large gaps favor the thrust per unit power ratio.
基金Program for the Top Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi,100 Persons Program of Shanxithe Project Supported by Science Foundation of North University of China(No.110248-28140)The Project Supported by Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory(No.110103112113)
文摘The recent rapid growth in electronics has reached the point where there is a need for solid-state devices with excellent physical flexibility, which will be a significant advantage in modern electronic devices. In particular, metal nanowires and nano-particles are chosen for electrodes because of their low resistance and high mechanical stability. Among the various alternatives, Ag nanomaterials have recently garnered increasing attention due to the high intrinsic conductivity, a transparency with a low sheet resistance and relatively low cost. We herein summarize recent developments toward flexible electronics on the basis of Ag nanomaterials , which show promising performance and outperform the commonly used. The typical fabrication techniques along with the promising applications for flexible devices, are thoroughly discussed.
基金supported by Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (YX03001)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)+3 种基金Synergistic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Provincial NSF (BK20160890, BK20141424, BK20150863)Jiangsu Province "Six Talent Peak" (2014-XCL-014)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu ProvinceScientific Research Foundation of NUPT (NY214183, NY215014, NY215152)
文摘The deposition of active materials directly onto metal wires is a general strategy to prepare wire-shaped electrodes for flexible and wearable energy storage devices. However, it is still a critical challenge to coat active materials onto the aimed metal wires because of their smooth surface and small specific surface area. In this work, high porous nickel yarns（PNYs） was fabricated using commercial nylon yarns as templates through step-wise electroless plating, electroplating and calcination processes. The PNYs are composed of multiplied fibers with hollow tubular structure of 5–10 μm in diameter, allowing the imbibition of carbon nanotubes（CNTs） solution by a facile capillary action process. The prepared CNTs/PNY electrodes showed a typical electrochemical double layer capacitive performance and the constructed allsolid flexible wire-shaped symmetric supercapacitors provided a specific capacitance of 4.67 F/cm3 with good cycling stability at a current density of 0.6 A/cm3.
文摘The purpose of this research was to fmd out effectiveness of chloride solid membrane electrode of coated wire system compared to solid membrane electrode of composite system, the Nernstian response and character＇s potential response （detection limit, selectivity and response time）. The chloride ISEs （ion selective electrodes） in this research were the solid membrane chloride ISEs based AgC1. There were two types of chloride ISEs that were developed, namely the chloride ISEs of coated wire and composite systems. Both types of electrodes were characterized. The selectivity was done by comparing Esel of the chloride standard solutions and Esel of the interference ions （Br- and I-）. The measurement of chloride ions in water samples was done by using the coated wire chloride ISE, the composite chloride ISE and the Mohr method. We compared the result of the two chloride ISE methods to that of standard method for chloride determination （Mohr） by using F-test and Post Hoc Test LSD （least significant difference） and Duncan. Analysis by using F-test and Post Hoc Test （LSD and Duncan） and characterization results of both the methods showed that coated wire chloride ISE was more effective compared to composite chloride ISE. Nemstian response was 59.83 mV/decade, linier range measurement was 10-1-10-5 M, limit detection was 1.23 × 10-5 M, response time along was 25 s and interfering ion was 10-4 M Br-.
文摘Coated wire sensor for potentiometric determination ofDAP （dapoxetine HCI） in pure form and in biological fluidsbased on DAP-TPB （dapoxetine-tetraphenyl borate） as the sensing element in the presence of DOP （dioctylphthalate） as the plasticizing solvent mediator was prepared. The best performance was obtained with a membrane composition of 10.0% （w/w） ion-pair, 45.0% DOP （w/w） and 45.0% PVC （w/w）. The electrode showed a Nemstian response （with a slope of 58.70 mV decade-1） for the concentration range of 4.2 × 10-5-1.0 ×10-2 mol/L. It illustrates a relatively fast response time in the whole concentration range （-15 s） in a pH range of 3.0-7.5. The selectivity coefficients were determined in relation to several inorganic and organic species. DAP is determined successfully in pure solutions and in biological fuids using the standard additions and petentiometric titrations methods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0401002 and 2016YFC0401006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51577080 and 51821005)。
文摘Efflcient collection of water from fog can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortages in foggy but water-scarce areas,such as deserts,islands and so on.Unlike inefflcient fog meshes,corona discharge can charge water droplets and further enhance the water-collecting effect.This study proposes a novel multi-electrode collecting structure that can achieve efflcient and direction-independent water collection from fog.The multi-electrode structure consists of three parts:a charging electrode,an intercepting electrode and a ground electrode.Four types of watercollecting structures are compared experimentally,and the collection rates from a traditional fog mesh,a wire-mesh electrode with fog coming from a high-voltage electrode,a wire-mesh electrode with fog coming from a ground electrode and a multi-electrode structure are 2–3 g h^(-1),100–120 g h^(-1),60–80 g h^(-1)and 200–220 g h^(-1),respectively.The collection rate of the multielectrode structure is 100–150 times that of a traditional fog mesh and 2–4 times that of a wiremesh electrode.These results demonstrate the superiority of the multi-electrode structure in fog collection.In addition,the motion equation of charged droplets in an electric fleld is also derived,and the optimization strategy of electrode spacing is also discussed.This structure can be applied not only to fog collection,but also to air puriflcation,factory waste gas treatment and other flelds.
文摘Effect of yttrium on low temperature toughness of weld metal deposited by TiO2-CaO type electrode has been investigated by transfering yttrium from welding pool to weld with fluxcored wire.The results show that the decrease in surface tension of liquid iron in welding pool and the variation in density of inclusion in weld are main causes for toughness improvement effect on weld by yttrium.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51665034).
文摘Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has been investigated to deposit large-scale metal parts due to its high deposition efficiency and low material cost.However,in the process of automatically manufacturing the high-quality metal parts by WAAM,several problems about the heat build-up,the deposit-path optimization,and the stability of the process parameters need to be well addressed.To overcome these issues,a new WAAM method based on the double electrode micro plasma arc welding(DE-MPAW)was designed.The circuit principles of different metal-transfer models in the DE-MPAW deposition process were analyzed theoretically.The effects between the parameters,wire feed rate and torch stand-off distance,in the process of WAAM were investigated experimentally.In addition,a real-time DE-MPAW control system was developed to optimize and stabilize the deposition process by self-adaptively changing the wire feed rate and torch stand-off distance.Finally,a series of tests were performed to evaluate the control system’s performance.The results show that the capability against interferences in the process of WAAM has been enhanced by this self-adaptive adjustment system.Further,the deposition paths about the metal part’s layer heights in WAAM are simplified.Finally,the appearance of the WAAM-deposited metal layers is also improved with the use of the control system.
文摘A PVC membrane enoxacin ion-selective electrode based on a needle-shaped inner reference electrode was prepared. A Ag/AgCl wire was used as the substrate of this electrode. It was previously coated with a thin sheet of urea-formaldehyde resin containing Cl - ions to form a needle-shaped inner reference electrode, then the inner reference electrode was coated with a thin sheet of a PVC membrane containing an enoxacin tetraphenylborate ion-pair complex. The influences of various ion-pair complexes, concentrations of the active components in the membrane and the plasticizers on the performance of the electrode were studied by orthogonal design. The linear response range of the electrode was 7.9×10 -5 -1.0×10 -2 mol/L. The detection limit was 2.0×10 -5 mol/L. The slope was 30.4 mV/decade(25 ℃). The electrode can be used for the potentiometric determination of enoxacin tablets directly. The average recovery was 100.4%, and the RSD was 0.9%. The results agreed with those determined by the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975291),the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(Grant No.P2022-B-IV-010-001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20191279).
文摘Wire electrochemical machining(WECM)is a potential method for manufacturing macrostructures from difficult-to-cut materials,such as turbine slots,with good surface integrity and low costs.In this study,a novel tube electrode with array holes in the front and insulation in the back was applied using WECM to improve the machining precision and efficiency.Additionally,assisted by an immersion electrolyte and axial flushing,the electrolyte-deficient gap was supplemented to achieve the cutting of a very thick workpiece.The simulation results indicated that this method could effectively reduce the machining gap and improve the uniformity of the electric-and flow-field distributions.Experiments verified that when the uninsulated range(machining angle)was reduced from 360°to 90°,the side machining gap was reduced from 462.5µm to 175µm.Finally,using optimized machining parameters,array slits with gaps as small as(175±10)μm were machined on a powder superalloy René88DT sample with a thickness of 10 mm at a feed rate of 16µm/s.The feasibility of fabricating complex profiles using this method was verified using a self-designed servo device.
