Prediction of Load-Displacement Curve of Flexible Pipe Carcass Under Radial Compression Based on Residual Neural Network

The carcass layer of flexible pipe comprises a large-angle spiral structure with a complex interlocked stainless steel cross-section profile, which is mainly used to resist radial load. With the complex structure of the carcass layer, an equivalent simplified model is used to study the mechanical properties of the carcass layer. However, the current equivalent carcass model only considers the elastic deformation, and this simplification leads to huge errors in the calculation results. In this study, radial compression experiments were carried out to make the carcasses to undergo plastic deformation. Subsequently, a residual neural network based on the experimental data was established to predict the load-displacement curves of carcasses with different inner diameter in plastic states under radial compression.The established neural network model’s high precision was verified by experimental data, and the influence of the number of input variables on the accuracy of the neural network was discussed. The conclusion shows that the residual neural network model established based on the experimental data of the small-diameter carcass layer can predict the load-displacement curve of the large-diameter carcass layer in the plastic stage. With the decrease of input data, the prediction accuracy of residual network model in plasticity stage will decrease.

The Effect of Pore Solution on the Hysteretic Curve of Expansive Soil under Cyclic Loading

A dynamic triaxial instrument was used to study the effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride and stress amplitudes on the dynamic properties of an expansive soil under cyclic loading.In particular,four parameters were considered in such a parametric investigation,namely,hysteresis curve morphology characteristic non-closure degreeεp,the ratio of the short and long axisα,the slope of the long axis k and the enclosed area S.The results show that with an increase in the sodium chloride concentration,the soil particle double electric layer becomes thinner,the distance between soil particles decreases,and the whole sample becomes denser.Theεp-N,α-N and S–N relation curves all show a decreasing trend.The ratio of plastic deformation to total deformation grows with increasing the dynamic stress amplitude,and the curves show an upwards trend.The k-N relationship curve displays an increasing trend with the concentration and a general downwards trend as the dynamic stress amplitude is made higher.This also indicates that sodium chloride solutions can improve the engineering properties of expansive soil to a certain extent.With an increase in the vibration times N,the shape of the hysteretic curve becomes narrower,and the whole soil exhibits a cyclic strain hardening.With the help of an exponential function,a model is introduced to predict the relationship between the concentration and the hysteretic curve.

Efficient Flexible M-Tree Bulk Loading Using FastMap and Space-Filling Curves

Many database applications currently deal with objects in a metric space.Examples of such objects include unstructured multimedia objects and points of interest(POIs)in a road network.The M-tree is a dynamic index structure that facilitates an efficient search for objects in a metric space.Studies have been conducted on the bulk loading of large datasets in an M-tree.However,because previous algorithms involve excessive distance computations and disk accesses,they perform poorly in terms of their index construction and search capability.This study proposes two efficient M-tree bulk loading algorithms.Our algorithms minimize the number of distance computations and disk accesses using FastMap and a space-filling curve,thereby significantly improving the index construction and search performance.Our second algorithm is an extension of the first,and it incorporates a partitioning clustering technique and flexible node architecture to further improve the search performance.Through the use of various synthetic and real-world datasets,the experimental results demonstrated that our algorithms improved the index construction performance by up to three orders of magnitude and the search performance by up to 20.3 times over the previous algorithm.

Rating Curve Estimation of Surface Water Quality Data Using LOADEST

Measurement of the nutrient concentrations in the stream is usually done on weekly, biweekly or monthly basis due to limited resources. There is need to estimate concentration and loads during the period when no data is available. The objectives of this study were to test the performance of a suite of regression models in predicting continuous water quality loading data and to determine systematic biases in the prediction. This study used the LOADEST model which includes several predefined regression models that specify the model form and complexity. Water quality data primarily nitrogen and phosphorus from five monitoring stations in the Neuse River Basin in North Carolina, USA were used in the development and analyses of rating curves. We found that LOADEST performed generally well in predicting loads and observation trends with general tendency/bias towards overestimation. Estimated Total Nitrogen (TN) varied from observation (“true” load) by -1% to 9%, but for the Total Phosphorus (TP) it ranged from -2% to 27%. Statistical evaluation using R2, Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) and Partial Load Factor (PLF) showed a strong correlation in prediction.

The Complete Stress-strain Curve of Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression Loading

The mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC） is investigated. An experiment on the complete stress-strain curve under uniaxial compression loading of RAC is carried out. The experimental results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, secant modulus of the peak point and original point increase with the strength grade of RAC enhanced. On the contrary, the residual stress of RAC decreases with the strength grade enhancing, and the failure of RAC is often broken at the interface between the recycled aggregate and the mortar matrix. Finally, the constitutive model of stress-strain model of RAC has been constituted, and the results from the constitutive model of stress-strain meet the experiment results very well.

Experimental study on characteristic curves of restoring forces of Populus alba var. pyramidalis

Static tests under cyclic loading were carried out on Populus alba var. pyramidalis to determine its characteristic curves of restoring forces. The results show that P alba var. pyramidalis had good elastic performance. There was degradation of strength and stiffness under cyclic loading and unloading, where characteristic curves of restoring forces ofP. alba var. pyrarnidalis assumed a ＂flat and contrary S-shape＂ form. Simultaneously, P alba vat. pyramidalis showed typical characteristics of brittle destruction under large high peak loading and unloading. Furthermore, dynamic tests were carried out under wind loads to obtain dynamic displacement curves and dynamic strain curves. P alba var. pyramidalis reflected its stochastic dynamic performance in building up its resistance to the stochastic wind loads and its dynamically hysteretic properties. The dynamic response of this species was random and fuzzy under stochastic wind loads. This study has theoretical significance and reference value to research on the static characteristics and wind-induced dynamic performance of forests.

A STUDY OF THE POSTBUCKLING PATH OF CYLINDRICALLY CURVED PANELS OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE MATERIALS DURING LOADING AND UNLOADING

In this paper, Dynamic Relaxation Method is applied to study the postbuckling path of cylindrically curved panels of laminated composite materials during loading and unloading. The phenomenon that loading paths do not coincide with unloading paths has been found. Numerical results are given for cylindrically curved cross-ply panels subjected to uniform uniaxial compression under two types of boundary conditions. The influence of the number of layers, the panels curvature and the initial imperfection on the postbuckling paths is discussed.

Dynamic Response of Curved Beam under Moving Load

In this paper an integral transform method is used to analyze the dynamic response of simple supported curved beam under single moving load with constant speed, and some parameters are defined. These parameters, such as radius of curvature, ratio of stiffness, velocity, warping stiffness, which may influence the response, are also discussed.

Clustering residential electricity load curve via community detection in network

Performing analytics on the load curve(LC)of customers is the foundation for demand response which requires a better understanding of customers'consumption pattern(CP)by analyzing the load curve.However,the performances of previous widely-used LC clustering methods are poor in two folds:larger number of clusters,huge variances within a cluster(a CP is extracted from a cluster),bringing huge difficulty to understand the electricity consumption pattern of customers.In this paper,to improve the performance of LC clustering,a clustering framework incorporated with community detection is proposed.The framework includes three parts:network construction,community detection,and CP extraction.According to the cluster validity index(CVI),the integrated approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art method with the same amount of clusters.And the approach needs fewer clusters to achieve the same performance measured by CVI.

串珠状溶洞数量影响灌注桩顶部水平受拉特性试验研究

采用室内模型试验,对比研究串珠状溶洞数量对灌注桩顶部水平受拉特性的影响,为岩溶强发育区嵌岩桩的水平承载力设计提供试验依据.结果表明:1)桩顶水平荷载相同时,上部土层段桩身水平位移、桩身弯矩(峰值)、桩侧土抗力随溶洞数量的增多而增大,单桩水平承载力随溶洞数量增多而明显减弱.2)上部土层段桩身水平位移随桩顶水平荷载增大而增大,桩顶水平位移最大,嵌岩段很小甚至为0;弯矩M-深度z曲线整体呈抛物线形,桩身弯矩在土岩界面和上层溶洞与底板界面呈现2个峰值,弯矩的变化仅仅影响到上层溶洞及其底板,第2层溶洞及其以下的弯矩几乎为0,土岩界面弯矩最大、截面最危险;土抗力p-深度z曲线呈“凸肚”形.3)溶洞数量增加,位置越高,p-y曲线越容易收敛,可以采用p/pub=α(y/y50)β拟合土层段的桩身p-y曲线.溶洞数量对α与β值变化幅度的影响较小,α与β值变化幅度体现p-y曲线随深度变化的敏感度,两者敏感度随溶洞数量增多而增大.4)工程桩刺穿串珠状溶洞时,为了提高单桩水平抗拉能力,建议采用注浆法改善上部岩土性质,加大土岩界面处桩身配筋率,并将桩身嵌入上层溶洞底板一定深度,防止基桩在土岩界面处发生弯曲破坏.

考虑加载历史的小半径曲线桥梁梁轨相互作用分析

目前,大部分考虑加载历史的梁轨相互作用研究都集中在直线桥梁上,针对曲线桥梁,尤其是小半径曲线桥梁,梁轨相互作用的研究相对较少。采用理想弹塑性滞回阻力模型模拟扣件纵向阻力,运用有限元软件,建立以城东特大桥为研究对象的钢轨-桥梁-墩台三维有限元空间力学计算模型,研究曲线半径对于梁轨相互作用的影响,探究了多荷载耦合作用、往复荷载作用以及循环荷载作用下考虑加载历史效应的曲线桥梁梁轨相互作用情况,并提出“拉力百分比”以及“压力百分比”的概念以便分析曲线半径对传统线性叠加法误差的影响。结果表明,曲线桥梁中梁轨纵、横向相互作用分别与曲线半径成正、反比,相关数据改变幅度与曲线半径成反比且当曲线半径超过800 m时基本收敛,此时可采用“以直代曲”的简化算法;曲线半径对于横向梁轨相互作用影响程度大于纵向,相较于挠曲、制动工况,伸缩工况受曲线半径影响更加显著;多荷载耦合作用下,采用传统线性叠加法相较于考虑加载历史更为保守且温度荷载起主要贡献;考虑加载历史时钢轨在往复荷载作用下会产生不可忽视的残余内力,且在循环荷载作用下将会产生收敛于第1次往复荷载下的残余内力,这是扣件纵向阻力的弹塑性滞回特性决定的;线性叠加法误差与曲线半径具有相关性,相较于挠曲、制动工况,伸缩工况下对其更为敏感。研究结果可为考虑加载历史下曲线桥梁结构设计提供参考。

垭口微地形下档内线路不均匀覆冰研究

明确垭口地形因子对垭口输电线路覆冰的影响规律,对山区输电线路的差异化防冰非常关键。该文基于水文分析中反地形理论提出山腰垭口,建立垭口风场数值模型,并通过风洞实验验证该模型。依据垭口风场分布,选定3类垭口线路的架设路径,得出垭口线路的风速区间。将初始状态下导线单次覆冰冰层厚度不得超过线径的7%作为覆冰步长取值依据,循环计算流场、粒子传输模型、热力学方程得出线路风速区间内导线的覆冰情况,进而得出垭口线路的冰荷载曲线,山腰、山脉、双山垭口线路冰荷载曲线在弧垂区分别出现了弯折、下行、下凹的走势。通过野外垭口线路自然覆冰实验,验证了覆冰计算的有效性,证实横跨垭口线路的不均匀覆冰性,不均匀覆冰规律与计算冰荷载曲线类似。计算不同地形因子组合下3类垭口的冰荷载曲线,并提出最大应力比概念,作为评判覆冰所引起线路事故可能性的标准,量化了不同垭口地形因子与线路最大应力比之间的关系。

一种采用记忆神经网络和曲线形状修正的负荷预测方法

针对分布式电源和新型负荷容量累积造成负荷影响因素多元化和不确定性特性增强的问题,文中提出一种采用记忆神经网络和曲线形状修正的负荷预测方法。在负荷峰值预测中,采用最大信息系数计算负荷峰值与影响因素的非线性相关性,实现对输入特征的筛选;综合考虑负荷峰值序列的长短期自相关性和输入特征与负荷峰值的不同程度相关性,结合Attention机制和双向长短时记忆(bidirectional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)神经网络建立负荷峰值预测模型。在负荷标幺曲线预测中,通过误差倒数法组合相似日和相邻日,建立负荷标幺曲线预测模型;针对预测偏差的非平稳特征,利用自适应噪声的完全集成经验模态分解和BiLSTM网络建立误差预测模型,对曲线形状进行修正。应用中国北方某城市的区域电网负荷数据为算例,验证了所提模型的有效性。

一种新型结构与保温一体化复合墙板节点试验

为解决复合墙板节点常见的保温板易燃、易脱落等棘手问题,并使其抗震性能良好。给出了一种新型的结构与保温一体化陶粒混凝土T型复合墙板节点。该复合墙板节点具有夹芯独特构造优势,主要表现在绿色节能,轻质高强,力学性能好,保温系统连接可靠,还能杜绝火灾的发生。通过对T型复合墙板节点进行抗震试验,分别研究了其滞回性能、破坏机理、承载及变形能力、延性、耗能、损伤等。结果表明:一体化复合墙板节点的破坏顺序为腹板-翼缘-节点核心区;薄弱位置主要发生在腹板脚部,混凝土被拉裂或压碎,钢筋被拉长或压弯等;节点核心区受力相对良好,安全储备充足;符合“强节点,弱构件”设计要求和墙板革新发展政策。延性系数大于3,墙板节点安全性能良好。通过损伤指标评估分析,了解了试件各阶段工作状态。

栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合板的抗爆性能试验与数值分析

弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构由钢板、混凝土与连接件协同作用,具有更优异的抗震和抗爆性能,被应用于超高层结构、海洋平台和核电设施中。利用试验和数值分析方法研究了栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构的破坏模式和损伤机理,参数化分析了爆炸距离、钢板厚度、拱高和栓钉间距对其抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:在爆炸荷载下,栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合板整体表现良好,仍具有较高的承载能力。增加爆炸距离和钢板厚度能有效减小混凝土的损伤和组合板的跨中挠度;减小拱高,混凝土损伤区域从以压缩破坏为主逐渐转换为以拉伸破坏为主,混凝土损伤更严重,组合板跨中挠度变大;减小栓钉间距会增大混凝土塑性损伤程度,但组合板的跨中挠度减小。研究结果可为弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构的设计提供参考。

某铜矿选矿厂半自磨系统磨矿负荷分配研究

半自磨+球磨组成的半自磨系统应用广泛,但在应用过程中半自磨机和球磨机负荷不平衡的情况经常出现。结合某铜矿项目,分析了出现负荷不平衡的原因,并通过优化半自磨机入料粒度、增加格子孔孔缝和开孔率、调整半自磨机排矿产品粒度、优化筛缝尺寸、修改直型格子板为弧形格子板、优化破碎后顽石的返回途径等措施,使得半自磨系统新给矿处理量由39 960 t/d提高至42 500 t/d,半自磨功率保持不变,但球磨机运行功率由9 300 kW提升至11 000 kW,半自磨和球磨负荷分配更加合理。通过对不同优化措施的分析和应用,可为解决其他矿山半自磨流程负荷不平衡问题提供借鉴和参考。

装配式槽钢组合梁中开孔钢板连接件力学性能

为研究新型装配式双拼槽钢-混凝土组合梁中开孔钢板剪力连接件(PSP剪力连接件)的力学性能,设计7组标准试件并开展推出试验,对比分析不同参数PSP剪力连接件的受剪承载力和破坏模式。利用ABAQUS非线性有限元模型对PSP剪力连接件的破坏模式和受力机制进行数值模拟,并与试验结果对比验证计算结果的可靠性。在此基础上,进一步分析开孔钢板厚度、开孔直径、混凝土强度、穿孔钢筋及连接件间距对PSP剪力连接件力学性能的影响。结果表明:除10 mm厚度的PSP剪力连接件外,所有4 mm与6 mm厚度的PSP剪力连接件均发生明显弯曲变形,试件破坏时连接件周围混凝土均出现斜向裂缝;开孔直径和穿孔钢筋对受剪承载力和抗剪刚度影响较小,而增加开孔钢板厚度、混凝土强度能提高剪力连接件受剪承载力和抗剪刚度;对于双排PSP剪力连接件,增大连接件间距能够显著提高单排PSP剪力连接件平均承载力,当间距为250 mm时,单排平均承载力达到单个PSP剪力连接件的91.2%。根据试验及有限元荷载滑移曲线提出装配式双拼槽钢-混凝土组合梁中单个PSP连接件荷载滑移曲线计算公式,为装配式双拼槽钢混组合梁的设计提供参考。

UH模型超固结状态演化分析及离心模型试验验证

本构模型是土力学求解强度变形问题的关键。研究揭示了剑桥模型在超临界侧强度过高、超固结状态下无法应力三维化、应力应变关系发生突变等存在的问题,分析了UH模型建立的超固结状态耦合演化机制及在弹塑性理论框架下实现的超固结状态与正常固结状态计算理论的统一,并基于三轴试验预测证明了UH模型能更加合理地描述超固结状态下土的应力应变关系。通过开展载荷板离心模型试验以及数值模拟验证可以发现,相较于剑桥模型,UH模型计算的地基土荷载变形曲线、侧压力系数分布更加准确,其本质是单元的应力应变关系更加科学、合理。研究证明UH模型的应用能显著提高超固结状态土体强度变形计算的准确性和实用性,对复杂岩土工程问题的计算求解具有重要理论价值和实践意义。

球压痕法获取不同变形率下316L不锈钢的力学性能

核电焊接结构由于在加工过程中受到冷作硬化导致局部区域力学性能发生改变且难以准确获取,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了弹塑性材料下的压痕实验三维模型进行数值模拟,通过识别载荷-深度曲线中的相关参数,结合量纲分析法理论计算316L奥氏体不锈钢材料在不同变形率下的力学性能参量。结果表明,随着变形率的不断增大,材料的塑性降低,硬度增大,且力学性能参数如屈服强度、抗拉强度及硬化指数均相应增大。