Finite Difference Schemes for Time-Space Fractional Diffusion Equations in One-and Two-Dimensions

In this paper,finite difference schemes for solving time-space fractional diffusion equations in one dimension and two dimensions are proposed.The temporal derivative is in the Caputo-Hadamard sense for both cases.The spatial derivative for the one-dimensional equation is of Riesz definition and the two-dimensional spatial derivative is given by the fractional Laplacian.The schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent.The numerical results are in line with the theoretical analysis.

TIME-SPACE CONCEPT FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENT

The transformation between time and space is discussed. To improve real-time response speed of intelligent measuring system, the concept of exchanging program execution time with more circuitry is presented working in cycle mode. Displacement measuring by magnification is achieved with period measurement by magnification. To change the condition that traditional precision measurement depends on machining precision greatly, the concept of measuring space with time and theory of time-space coordinate transformation are proposed. Guided by the idea of measuring space with time, differential frequency measurement system and time grating displacement sensor are developed based on the proposed novel methods. And high-precision measurement is achieved without high-precision manufacture, which embeds the remarkable characteristics of low cost but high precision to the devices. Experiment and test results conform the validity of the proposed time-space concept.

Multi-dimensional scattering properties diagnosis system of scale aircraft model in an anechoic chamber

Aiming at the concept of ＂diagnosis＂, a simple and effective broadband radar cross section （RCS） measurement system is constructed, and some multi-dimensional scattering properties diagnosis techniques are presented based on the system. Firstly, a stepped-frequency signal is employed to achieve high range resolution, combining with a variety of signal processing tech- niques. Secondly, cross-range resolution is gained with a rotating table, and the high-resolution two-dimensional （2-D） imaging of the scale model is obtained by the microwave imaging theory. Finally, two receiving antennas with a small distance in altitude are used, and the three-dimensional （3-D） height distribution of scattering points on the scale model is extracted from the phase of images. Some typical bodies and a scale aircraft model are diagnosed in an anechoic chamber. The experimental results show that, after scaling with a metal sphere, the accurate one- dimensional （l-D） RCS pattern of the model is obtained, and it has a large dynamic range. When the bandwidth of the transmitting signal is 4 GHz, the resolution of the 2-D image can reach to 0.037 5 m. The 3-D height distribution of scattering points is given by interferometric measurement. This paper provides a feasible way to obtain high-precision scattering properties parameters of the scale aircraft model in a conventional rectangular anechoic chamber.

ON MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SONIC-SUBSONIC FLOW

In this paper, a compensated compactness framework is established for sonicsubsonic approximate solutions to the n-dimensional （n ≥ 2） Euler equations for steady irrotational flow that may contain stagnation points. This compactness framework holds provided that the approximate solutions are uniformly bounded and satisfy Hloc^-1（Ω） compactness conditions. As illustration, we show the existence of sonic-subsonic weak solution to n-dimensional （n ≥ 2） Euler equations for steady irrotational flow past obstacles or through an infinitely long nozzle. This is the first result concerning the sonic-subsonic limit for n-dimension （n ≥ 3）.

Adaptive time-space resource and waveform control for collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam

Collocated multiple input multiple output(MIMO)radar,which has agile multi-beam working mode,can offer enhanced multiple targets tracking(MTT)ability.In detail,it can illuminate different targets simultaneously with multi-beam or one wide beam among multi-beam,providing greater degree of freedom in system resource control.An adaptive time-space resource and waveform control optimization model for the collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam is proposed in this paper.The aim of the proposed scheme is to improve the overall tracking accuracy and meanwhile minimize the resource consumption under the guarantee of effective targets detection.A resource and waveform control algorithm which integrates the genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to solve the optimization problem.The optimal transmitting waveform parameters,system sampling period,sub-array number,binary radar tracking parameterχ_i(t_k),transmitting energy and multi-beam direction vector combination are chosen adaptively,where the first one realizes the waveform control and the latter five realize the timespace resource allocation.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Adaptive resource management for multi-target tracking in co-located MIMO radar based on time-space joint allocation

Compared with the traditional phased array radar, the co-located multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar is able to transmit orthogonal waveforms to form different illuminating modes, providing a larger freedom degree in radar resource management. In order to implement the effective resource management for the co-located MIMO radar in multi-target tracking,this paper proposes a resource management optimization model,where the system resource consumption and the tracking accuracy requirements are considered comprehensively. An adaptive resource management algorithm for the co-located MIMO radar is obtained based on the proposed model, where the sub-array number, sampling period, transmitting energy, beam direction and working mode are adaptively controlled to realize the time-space resource joint allocation. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the co-located MIMO radar using the proposed algorithm can satisfy the predetermined tracking accuracy requirements with less comprehensive cost compared with the phased array radar.

Multi-Dimensional Thoughts on English Classroom Teaching Techniques

English Language teaching involves various English teaching techniques in terms of listening,speaking,reading,writ ing and the like skills.Traditional teaching ways are mostly discussed from that standpoint.Here,some new English classroom teaching techniques are introduced and evaluated in a dimensional perspective,which relate to such elements as the students,the teacher,classroom organization and management,and instructional strategies,etc.It makes English classroom teaching more effec tive,thus improve English classroom teaching results.So,it’s advisable for English teachers to reconsider and reevaluate their teaching strategy and result in language classroom from a new multi-dimensional angle in order to improve English teaching effi ciency.

Multi-Dimensional Pedestrian System on the New Campus of University of Macao

The Multi-dimensional Pedestrian System( MPS) is an integral part of the new campus of University of Macao. It observes the principle of "pedestrian first " and features a pedestrian-vehicle dividing system.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the location,climate,ecology and other factors of the project site,the conception of the idea of MPS and the related researches are illustrated. The transportation features of the MPS,as summarized,include multi-dimensions,short-distance and weather-resistance. Its features for the sake of livability include integration of nature, respect for the environment and sharing of landscape. Upon the completion of the project, the effects on its users were tested. Finally, some constructive rules for the construction of similar campus pedestrian systems were proposed.

A Time-Space Optimal Parallel Sorting on a Hypercube

In this paper we discuss a parallel sorting algorithm on a hypercube. Its time complexity is O(n logn/p) +O(n). Here, P is the number of processors available and n, the amount of items to be sorted. Take the problem of time-space optimization into consideration, when P≤ O(log n), this algorithm is both timespace optimal and cost optimization. But this means only speedup is O(P) and it is not linear speedup. Therefore, we further discuss relevant parallel efficiency problems.

Multi-dimensional blind separation method for STBC systems

Intercepted signal blind separation is a research topic with high importance for both military and civilian communication systems. A blind separation method for space-time block code （STBC） systems is proposed by using the ordinary independent component analysis （ICA）. This method cannot work when specific complex modulations are employed since the assumption of mutual independence cannot be satisfied. The analysis shows that source signals, which are group-wise independent and use multi-dimensional ICA （MICA） instead of ordinary ICA, can be applied in this case. Utilizing the block-diagonal structure of the cumulant matrices, the JADE algorithm is generalized to the multidimensional case to separate the received data into mutually independent groups. Compared with ordinary ICA algorithms, the proposed method does not introduce additional ambiguities. Simulations show that the proposed method overcomes the drawback and achieves a better performance without utilizing coding information than channel estimation based algorithms.

Modeling of Surface Waves in a Fluid Saturated Poro-Elastic Medium under Initial Stress Using Time-Space Domain Higher Order Finite Difference Method

In this present context, mathematical modeling of the propagation of surface waves in a fluid saturated poro-elastic medium under the influence of initial stress has been considered using time dependent higher order finite difference method (FDM). We have proved that the accuracy of this finite-difference scheme is 2M when we use 2nd order time domain finite-difference and 2M-th order space domain finite-difference. It also has been shown that the dispersion curves of Love waves are less dispersed for higher order FDM than of lower order FDM. The effect of initial stress, porosity and anisotropy of the layer in the propagation of Love waves has been studied here. The numerical results have been shown graphically. As a particular case, the phase velocity in a non porous elastic solid layer derived in this paper is in perfect agreement with that of Liu et al. (2009).

SLC Method and Earthquakes' Clustering Features in Time-Space in the Top Area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc

By using the SLC(Single-Link Cluster)method,this study worked in three respects:(a)set up three-dimensional(3-D)SLC software that can deal with a large catalogue of earthquakes and analyze the characteristics of earthquakes’ clustering and scattering in time-space:(b)defined several parameters to describe the distinguishing feature for the SLC frame and developed a technique to calculate the 3-D SLC frames and these parameters with gradual time-sliding,and inspected their variations with time,especially before large events; and(c)by using these means,treated the earthquake catalogue in the top area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc as well as some valuable results that had been obtained.

Multi-dimensional ambiguity function for subarray-based space-time coding radar

Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.

基于单矢量水听器时频声强法的非合作水声跳频信号多维参数估计

针对传统方法对水下非合作跳频信号的多维参数估计效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于单矢量水听器时频声强法的非合作水声跳频信号空时频参数估计方法。利用矢量水听器声压通道与振速通道的接收信号建立时频域的短时互谱分布,分析噪声与信号在时频域分布的差异,通过迭代去噪法与连通域方法,对噪声进行抑制并平滑每跳的能量分布;采用复声强法对短时互谱矩阵进行处理,得到清晰稳定的跳频信号空时频分布;提取空时频分布的脊线并利用Haar小波变换对脊线进行奇异点检测,估计出信号的多维参数。仿真和水池试验结果表明,当信噪比大于-5 dB时,所提方法得到的参数估计归一化均方根误差小于0.05。

渐进发展与多维整合——浅析我国城市地下空间时空特征

城市化进程的加速使城市地下空间的开发和利用越来越重要,然而目前研究对其时空特征的探讨不够全面。文章将地下空间系统置于时间与空间两条轴线进行分析:时间维度上,强调城市地下空间的历时性和渐进发展特征,梳理其历经生存自然、技术引导、资源利用三个阶段的发展历程;空间维度上,从宏观都市体系、中观都市区域和微观都市空间三个层面探讨城市地下空间的多维形态结构。本研究对实现地下空间历史发展延续性及实际创造应用性的统一,具有理论与实践双重价值。

FULL TIME-SPACE GOVERNANCE STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY FOR CROPLAND NON-POINT POLLUTION CONTROL IN CHINA

Ensuring food safety while reducing agricultural non-point source pollution is quite challenging,especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.Effective systematic strategies and comprehensive technologies need to be developed for agricultural non-point source pollution control at the watershed scale to improve surface water quality.In this review,a proposal is made for a full time-space governance strategy that prioritizes source management followed by endpoint water pollution control.The 4R chain technology system is specifically reviewed,including source reduction,process retention,nutrient reuse and water restoration.The 4R chain technology system with the full time-space governance strategy was applied at the scale of an administrative village and proved to be a feasible solution for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution in China.In the future,a monitoring system needs to be established to trace N and P transport.Additionally,new smart fertilizer and intelligent equipment need to be developed,and relevant governance standards and supportive policies need to be set to enhance the efficacy of agricultural non-point source pollution control.

基于多源卫星数据融合的油气管道区域三维变形监测

中国油气资源丰富,目前已形成越来越多的区域性和跨区域的油气管网,管线穿越的地形地貌和地质构造复杂,沿线的地表形变影响着油气管道的安全。InSAR技术以其全天时、全天候、高精度、宽覆盖的特点,被广泛应用于地表形变监测。该方法基于InSAR监测结果,提出BPSTSIM(Based-PS Time-Space Interpolation Method)三维形变监测方法,通过融合多源卫星数据,获取油气管道区域的地表形变三维位移。该方法利用多源SAR卫星数据获取高相干性的PS(Permanent Scatterer)点位移,对PS点进行时间插值,获得更细时间粒度的PS点位移,然后对油气管道通过区域网格化,基于PS点进一步插值出所有网格点的形变并转换到三维方向,从而在时间维度和空间维度监测油气管道区域的三维位移状态。最后,利用实例卫星数据,计算了管道区域8个月的变形数据,并实现了数据的可视化,形变特征与野外调查吻合,验证该方法的有效性。该方法实现了不同SAR卫星监测数据的有效融合,完成了数据在时间维度和空间维度的补充和加密,提高了InSAR测量对三维形变的感知能力。

计及时空波动的电力变压器多维度动态评估模型

在分析变压器各类影响因素的基础上,在传统考虑试验监测数据等时间维度评估数据的基础上,引入计及外部环境变化和内部结构变化等空间维度评估数据,针对评估数据的时段变化和结构变化特征建立量化指标,构建了考虑时间和空间因素的多维度评估体系。在构建时空因素波动的评估指标基础上,考虑不同阶段的评估指标对变压器影响程度的变化,提出了基于时间距离和外部空间双重影响的动态权重分配方法,最后采用层次分析法进行指标权重计算,运用属性区间识别进行设备状态评估。算例分析验证了该评估模型的有效性。

大坝监测信息的多维时空可视化

为全面准确地掌握大坝监测数据的时空分布规律,利用可视化技术,首先提取坝体轮廓、测点及测值信息并进行维度分类,然后将信息进行时空插值连续化处理,空间上以色彩、距离表现信息,时间上不断更新,最终形成多维空间的信息可视化场量.应用结果表明,此方法能更直观地表现坝体信息的时空状态,便于观察、浏览和理解信息,发现大坝监测数据隐藏的规律和模式,可为坝体运行状况和结构寿命的分析评判提供形象的依据.

遥感影像档案时空多维管理

遥感影像档案作为重要的基础地理信息资料,可为自然资源监管监测、城市可持续发展规划等提供关键决策依据。本文针对当前遥感影像档案多来源、多介质、多尺度、多规格的现状,分析了当前遥感影像管理方式所存在的主要问题,提出并构建了“空间+时间+形态+属性”的时空多维管理体系,实现了对遥感影像档案的科学高效管理利用。