Research on the Development Model of the Adaptive Housing to Flooding/High Tides and Applicability to Some Types of Housing in Nha Be District,Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh City(HCMC)has a high density of rivers and canals,so it is often strongly affected by high tides.The rapid urbanization process of a city with more than 13 million people,along with human activities with rivers such as accretion,river encroachment,sand mining,construction of houses close to the riverbanks,...that stop the flow of rivers and canals,causes high tides to rise quickly and recede slowly,therefore difficult to control.The residential areas of people along the canals in the city are clearly affected by the phenomenon of high tides and it causes many difficulties to people’s lives,especially people living in Nha Be district-a southeast district of HCMC,where the terrain is low-lying,and also the water collection area of the whole city.This is an area that is expected to be flooded more and more heavily due to the increasingly strong impact of high tides.The inevitable consequence of the flooding-high tide phenomenon is that the living and business environment is not guaranteed,people’s life quality does not improve,and a part of the residents have to relocate.So,how to build a housing model that adapts to flooding/high tide in Nha Be District,HCMC against the impacts of high tides?This article is a qualitative study using mixed methods including Document Synthesis&Comparison,Questionnaire,Interview,and Observation methods.The investigation,survey,and assessment on the impact of high tides on housing in Nha Be District,HCMC was carried out in the year 2019-2020.This study aims to find out the experiences in building models of houses that can adapt to flood/high tide and their applicability to some types of houses in Nha Be District,HCMC.These solutions are aimed at improving the quality of life of people living along the canals of Nha Be District,HCMC and effectively contribute to sustainable socio-economic development.

Climate adaptive thermal characteristics of envelope of residential passive house in China

Passive house has been constructed in China on a large-scale over the past couple years for its great energy saving potential.However,research indicates that there is a significant discrepancy in energy performance for heating and cooling between passive houses in different climate zones.Therefore,this research develops a comparative analysis on the energy saving potential of passive houses with the conventional around China.A sensitivity analysis of thermal characteristics of building envelope(insulation of exterior walls and windows,and airtightness)on energy consumption is further carried out to improve the climate adaptability of passive house.Moreover,the variation of energy consumption under different heat gain intensity is also compared,to evaluate the effects of envelope thermal characteristics comprehensively.Results suggest that the decrease of exterior wall insulation leads to the greatest increase in energy consumption,especially in severe cold zone in China.However,the optimal insulation may change with the internal heat gain intensity,for instance,the decrease of insulation(from 0.4 to 1.0 W/(m^(2)·K))could reduce the energy consumption by 4.65 kW·h/(m^(2)·a)when the heat gain increases to 20 W/m^(2)for buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone in China.

Open Building as a Design Approach for Adaptability in Chinese Public Housing

Surveys on public housing in Northern China indicated that the common aim of Chinese public housing, which is to provide affordable housing, had been mostly satisfied. However, more than one fourth (29.9%) of the public housing units that were investigated were structurally modified by their occupiers for different layouts. This situation indicated that a fixed plan could not fulfill housing occupiers’ various requirements on spacing layout, and critical awareness had been shown that the adaptability of the public housing units was always ignored. Open Building is well organized and implemented in the field of residential area to increase adaptability and sustainability of dwellings. This paper reviewed the development of residential Open Building and attempted to reveal solutions for the design of adaptability in Chinese public housing. Based on the dwelling unit types, dwelling spaces, living modes and demographic conditions of the public housing units were investigated;and concerning the actual carried out adaptations in the public housing units, this research explored two levels of design and control methods: prototyping unit for possible layouts and flexible partitions for space-function reconfiguration. By adding design values of adaptability in public housing, key aspects showing?the potentials and challenges for the design of public housing were summarized for future reference.

基于AH理念的寒冷地区工业厂房改造设计研究——以2022年Active House Award中国区竞赛获奖方案为例

在“碳中和、碳达标”的时代目标下,工业厂房改造作为城市更新的一环,绿色低碳应作为其改造原则予以重视。总结2022年第三届AHA中国区竞赛获奖作品“穿廊叠拱,绿厂新生——北京市大兴区天普东厂区改建方案设计”的设计构思,针对北京夏热冬冷的特定气候,方案以主动式建筑理念为出发点,在设计层面对其功能和空间更新解析后,从适度合理的主动性、以人为本的舒适性、高效率的能源手段和可持续的环境措施四个角度,对建筑的弹性设计、引导用户行为、自然采光与通风、太阳能多维利用、建筑的气候适应性策略等方面进行重点分析,为我国寒冷地区的工业厂房的绿色低碳改造设计提供借鉴。

A Business Case for Flexible Housing： The Feasibility of Implementing Flexibility Measures in the Housing Market

Adaptive construction is already for decades on the agenda of the construction sector. The adaptive capacity of a building includes all qualities that enable the building keeping its functionality during the technical life cycle, under altered conditions and needs [1]. Meanwhile, the interest in flexible building has increased significantly caused by the growing awareness of the need for sustainability. The Dutch construction sector is responsible for 35% of the national waste production. This number emerges from a sector that accounts for 5.1% of the gross domestic product [2]. This paper reports about a study that was executed in collaboration with a Dutch real estate developer [3]. The purpose was to develop a successful business case for a flexible row house concept that could show the market under what conditions flexibility measures for future adaptations can be implemented. One of the main conclusions affirms that a long-lasting collaboration between a developer and the investor could result in a feasible business case if the developer stays involved during the use phase of the dwellings. Through many additional interviews, this research was able to let the real estate market reflect about the business case of flexible row housing.

基于Adaptive Lasso方法的合肥市商品房价格影响因素实证分析

随着合肥市经济的快速发展,商品住宅平均价格持续走高,研究合肥房价背后的主要影响因素显得十分必要。本文通过定性分析选取八个可能影响合肥商品住宅平均价格的指标因素,即合肥市GDP、城镇人口、城镇居民可支配收入、商品住宅投资比重、商品住宅间缺口、商品零售价格指数、贷款利率、房地产开发投资。再结合上述因素2003至2018年近16年数据,运用一般最小二乘方法、逐步回归方法、Lasso方法以及Adaptive Lasso方法进行实证研究并加以比较,定量得出影响合肥商品住宅平均价格的影响因素,同时试着给出相关结论和建议。

Design for the Elderly： Housing and Re-arrangements-- Case Studies in Istanbul

As a consequence of developing technology, various medical developments and environmental factors, the population of elderly people has been rising. Future predictions show a rising trend for designing for the elderly and. In order for seniors to be able to appear in community life, to be self-sufficient and live their lives independently, supportive environments are required. Being able to sustain seniors＇ lives has to be seen as a civic right and architectural design should be considered as a tool to get these rights. As linked to everyday living, homes should be a starting point to get these rights. Being in the core of everyday activities, the spaces in dwellings should meet life-span design criteria. Fundamental principles lying under the aspects of design, dimensions, details, colors and symbols of supportive environments should not be affected from generation gap and senium and should rather aim at this user group. These fundamentals can briefly be listed as, change as less as possible, design for self-sufficiency, communication and socialization. In the paper, the focus is on these fundamental design principles for residential spaces, together with the research of reflections of factors, affecting health, security and mobility deriving from mobility disabilities, perception and memory weakening, specifically to bathroom design.

Change in Adaptability of Residential Architecture:Spatial Analysis on Traditional and Contemporary Houses of Bangladesh

This study focused on spatial analysis to identify the changes in adaptability over the last five decades.The features influencing adaptability were selected from the reference study.An appropriate method was used to analyse these features through spatial analysis.Six distinctive typologies of rural houses were selected from six regions.Unlike the traditional houses,the contemporary houses in the same area reflected a different character.Urban houses built since the early and mid-20th century were compared with contemporary houses.After analysing the openness,generality,flexibility,depth,typicality,construction technique,involvement of end-users,and the feedback from the inhabitants,the study identified a significant decrease in contemporary houses'adaptability.Spatial analysis was used to quantify the different features and comparison between traditional and contemporary houses.Though the adaptability had been reduced over time,the latest houses started to achieve better flexibility in some features due to government policy and implementation of statutory building regulations.Further recommendations were provided to enhance the residential architecture's adaptability in future.The study samples were selected from different regions of Bangladesh.Still,the result and policy recommendations can be helpful for other countries,especially with high population density and a developing economy.

严寒地区混合垂直通风猪舍环境质量评价

为探究垂直通风系统(屋顶与粪坑混合排风)在寒区猪舍中的适应性,该研究在秋冬季节对内蒙古某规模化猪舍的热湿与空气质量环境进行了实时连续监测,并根据测试结果对猪舍环境质量进行评价。结果表明:1)测试期间,舍内平均温度、相对湿度以及氨气(NH_(3))、二氧化碳(CO_(2))、总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particulate, TSP)浓度分别为22.7℃、59.6%、6.5 mg/m^(3)、2 200 mg/m^(3)、2 915μg/m^(3),舍内通风量为0.34~0.39 m^(3)/(h·kg),各环境指标基本满足生产环境阈值要求;保育期间舍内有效环境温度范围为27.1~30.7℃,存在轻度热应激情况,占总监测时间的12.9%;2)舍内温度、相对湿度与NH_(3)、CO_(2)、TSP浓度空间分布不均匀系数分别为0.01、0.15、0.45、0.03、0.15,各环境参数空间分布均较为均匀;3)试验单元(U1、U3)猪的平均日增质量、料重比与死淘率分别842和818 g/d、2.68和2.79、1.68%和1.31%,生产性能良好。综上,不设吊顶的侧墙进风,屋顶与粪坑混合排风的垂直通风系统,总体上能够满足严寒地区猪舍秋冬季热湿环境与空气质量调节需求,保证良好的生产性能。

浙江丽水地区石木民居气候适应性分析——以仁庄村为例

美丽乡村的建设推动了石木民居乡村旅游的发展,但民居室内居住舒适度较差,村民新建或改建的民居,破坏了石木民居村落的乡土风貌。因此,文章希望通过对丽水地区石木民居物理环境进行数据实测,推测影响民居热环境舒适度的因素,再采用Design Builde气候分析软件,进行模拟验证设计策略的有效性,得到石木民居建筑形态、朝向、材质、尺度、半室外空间方面的设计策略,以期改善石木民居的居住舒适性,从而达到保护、传承的作用。

猪舍环境的多参数无模型自适应控制算法设计

【目的】针对猪舍环境控制中场景复杂、多参数控制难以及系统呈现耦合特性的问题,基于无模型自适应控制(Model-free adaptive control,MFAC)算法,设计了适用于猪舍的多参数无模型自适应控制(Multi-parameter model-free adaptive control,MMFAC)算法。【方法】通过将MFAC算法与用于尺度伸缩变换的权值矩阵相融合,设计MMFAC算法。该算法利用紧格式动态线性化(Compact form dynamic linearization,CFDL)技术和最优化数学方法,进行伪雅可比矩阵(Pseudo-jacobian matrix,PJM)的参数辨识和调控装置的控制量计算。【结果】仿真试验结果表明,MMFAC算法具备对多参数进行自适应控制的能力,并可通过调整权重矩阵来降低关键参数的误差。真实猪舍环境控制试验结果表明,该算法可根据实时环境参数测量值计算风机控制量,并根据该控制量驱动风机,以保持环境参数在舒适区间范围内的稳定控制。【结论】MMFAC算法展现出良好的多参数自适应控制能力,能够适应复杂的猪舍环境,有效解决多参数控制难以及系统耦合的问题,在猪舍环境控制中具有较好的应用前景。

胶东沿海地区山村民居建构特征及气候适应性实证探究

挖掘传统民居生态价值,不仅是保护和传承中国乡村建筑文化的重要举措,也是促进乡村可持续发展的动力源泉。文章以胶东沿海地区某山村民居为研究对象,梳理山村地形气候、村落布局、建造历史及建构特征等,并进一步对现存的3类典型农宅进行热环境实测,记录空气温度、相对湿度、黑球温度和CO_(2)浓度等参数,研究不同建构方式对建筑热湿环境的影响作用。结果表明:传统围护结构与多种气候缓冲措施相结合使传统农宅具有最佳的室内热环境和热舒适水平。说明传统建构方式具有良好的气候适应性,传统智慧与现代技术的有机结合有助于乡村农宅改造更新的进一步优化。

基于开放建筑理论的岭南地区人才住房空间适应性设计研究

在以人才为重要资源的知识经济转型期,人才住房的供给和设计建设需求紧迫,然而其长效适应性亟待研究和探讨。文章对人才住房在共时性层面的差异化供应需求、历时性层面的弹性化空间需求进行分析,并通过提炼岭南地区在气候特征、政策模式和产业情况三方面的特点,思考开放建筑理论对于岭南地区人才住房空间适应性设计的独特作用。在此基础上,结合相关案例研究,针对性地提出岭南地区人才住房的空间适应性设计要点,其中包括灵活多义的居住单元和弹性增减的套型组合。以期对各地人才住房长寿化、可持续的实践发展提供参考,并为未来住宅灵活性和开放性设计的推进打下基础。

关于“好房子”的创作与实践——以长圳凤凰英荟城为例

以长圳凤凰英荟城项目为契机,深入探讨和研究“好房子”的内涵,关注“好房子”的自身设计及其与人、社区的关系,通过探索和实践总结设计“好房子”经验,促进公共住房设计水平及居住空间品质的提升。

冀东地区石木结构住宅气候适应性建构演变过程研究——以唐山市兰成沟村为例

从地域气候适应性建构的角度分析冀东地区的石木结构住宅,并以长城沿线的兰成沟村为研究对象,借助田野调查、问卷收集、图解分析等方法,分析冀东地区传统石木结构住宅的气候适应性建构演变过程,总结该地区住宅在更新过程中存在的问题。通过对住宅的演变过程进行解析,提取传统石木结构住宅的被动性气候适应性建构策略,解析引发其演变的内在因素,从室内空间变迁、功能匹配组织、空间路径系统、材料组织建构四个层面对传统石木结构住宅和新建住宅的气候适应性建构策略进行分析。结果表明,冀东地区传统石木结构住宅中具有许多气候适应性建构智慧,但这些气候适应性应答设计逐渐消失,极大地弱化了住宅对室内物理环境的调控作用。

基于健康住宅理念的住宅空间设计研究

由于我国住宅建设模式的特殊性,人们购买的房屋通常是住宅结构固定且不可改变,对居住者的实际使用需求以及未来对空间的可变性缺乏足够的预见性。如何能让住宅适应一个家庭在全生命周期内对空间的使用需求,愈发引起社会的共鸣。以健康住宅的生理健康、心理健康、社会健康3个属性为基点,分析归纳其与人和社会的对应关系,运用开放式住宅体系的设计手段,多维度论证了符合温州特色的住宅空间适应性的设计策略。

基于适应气候特点的高品质住宅建筑设计研究

本文研究基于适应气候特点的高品质住宅建筑设计,分析了我国不同气候区划及其建筑微气候特征。探讨住宅平面功能设计和空间结构设计的要点,提出适应气候的小区布局和户型平面设计策略,提升住宅的能源效率、环境舒适性和可持续性,为绿色建筑的设计与实践提供科学依据和指导。

乡村住宅与村民劳动力的耦合关系及适应性设计

鼓励村民参与乡村住宅建设面临劳动力不足且技能水平较低等问题,且住宅产品化和现代化过程需要给予村民更多的设计关照,才能保证住宅的建筑质量、效率和村民拥有良好的参与体验。因此,借助耦合理论,从住宅建筑与村民的耦合内涵、耦合结构和耦合界面三个方面分析二者的交互关系,建立二者相互适应的耦合度模型为设计师评估方案提供参考,在此基础上提出机能耦合、应变耦合和共生耦合的适应性设计方法,为促进现代建筑技术成果在乡村的推广提供理论依据和对策参考。

日本现代住宅应变边界对我国乡村住宅的启示——低碳视角下内外边界可变性的研究

作为建筑内外空间能量交换的媒介,内外边界是住宅低碳设计的重要内容。鉴于外部自然环境和内部居住需求并非一成不变,能够随之做出灵活回应的内外边界在住宅节能减排上将具有更多的潜力。本研究中,这种能够显著调节性质、形态或位置来回应各种变化的边界被定义为应变边界。日本现代住宅为探索现代技术背景下的应变边界提供了样本,而我国乡村住宅与日本的一户建(独栋住宅)在规模和建造环境上相近,这些样本中应变边界的低碳策略的研究对我国乡村住宅设计具有参考价值。本研究通过探讨“建具化”的日常可调边界、空间热舒适分区的季节性边界、利用材料可逆性的可再建边界3类应变边界在应对的变化因素、调节的时间跨度、调节带来的居住空间变化、低碳策略等方面的特征,总结了其对我国乡村住宅低碳设计的启示:1)引入和利用外部自然风能热能等能量,打破以阻隔内外能量交换为主的思维定势;2)不局限于绝对的数值标准,通过边界调节居住空间体验,提升居住者生理和心理舒适度;3)结合季节气候特征对居住空间进行热舒适需求细分,并采取不同的围护结构做法;4)考虑未来潜在的居住空间需求变小的应对策略;5)挖掘材料和构造方式潜在的可逆性。

高品质住宅空间适老化设计中的人性化元素分析

本文对高品质住宅空间在实现适老化设计过程中的人性化元素进行了深入分析。围绕适老化设计的发展历程和基本原则,文章探讨了品质住宅空间布局与功能需求的匹配,强调了舒适性与安全性的重要性。此外,本研究探讨了如何通过人性化元素的引入,提升空间适应性,以及辅助设施和技术手段对于改善老年人居住环境的作用。最终,该研究提炼出促进老年人居住便利性和生活质量的设计方案。本文的研究成果不仅为高品质住宅空间适老化设计提供理论指导,也为相关设计实践提出了具体的策略指导。