Developing technologies that can be applied simultaneously in battery thermal management(BTM)and thermal runaway(TR)mitigation is significant to improving the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Inorganic phase chan...Developing technologies that can be applied simultaneously in battery thermal management(BTM)and thermal runaway(TR)mitigation is significant to improving the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Inorganic phase change material(PCM)with nonflammability has the potential to achieve this dual function.This study proposed an encapsulated inorganic phase change material(EPCM)with a heat transfer enhancement for battery systems,where Na_(2)HPO_(4)·12H_(2)O was used as the core PCM encapsulated by silica and the additive of carbon nanotube(CNT)was applied to enhance the thermal conductivity.The microstructure and thermal properties of the EPCM/CNT were analyzed by a series of characterization tests.Two different incorporating methods of CNT were compared and the proper CNT adding amount was also studied.After preparation,the battery thermal management performance and TR propagation mitigation effects of EPCM/CNT were further investigated on the battery modules.The experimental results of thermal management tests showed that EPCM/CNT not only slowed down the temperature rising of the module but also improved the temperature uniformity during normal operation.The peak battery temperature decreased from 76℃to 61.2℃at 2 C discharge rate and the temperature difference was controlled below 3℃.Moreover,the results of TR propagation tests demonstrated that nonflammable EPCM/CNT with good heat absorption could work as a TR barrier,which exhibited effective mitigation on TR and TR propagation.The trigger time of three cells was successfully delayed by 129,474 and 551 s,respectively and the propagation intervals were greatly extended as well.展开更多
Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing ...Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.展开更多
With the progress of science and technology,China has gradually attached importance to research and exploration in chemistry,and the achievements in exploring mechanochemistry are also quite significant.Therefore,it i...With the progress of science and technology,China has gradually attached importance to research and exploration in chemistry,and the achievements in exploring mechanochemistry are also quite significant.Therefore,it is necessary to study and explore mechanochemistry.This article mainly discusses the application of mechanochemistry in powder and some silicate materials,as well as in special ceramics,and provides a brief introduction to provide reference for relevant researchers.展开更多
Inorganic antibacterial materials consist of the antibacterial ions, the additives and the carrier. In this study, we synthesized a new inorganic antibacterialmaterial, of which Cu2+ and Ag+ were selected to be the bi...Inorganic antibacterial materials consist of the antibacterial ions, the additives and the carrier. In this study, we synthesized a new inorganic antibacterialmaterial, of which Cu2+ and Ag+ were selected to be the bi-component antibacterial ions, cerous nitrate served as the additives, and the white carbon black was chosen as the carrier, which was prepared by a sol-gel method. The as-synthesized antibacterial material was characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, scanning electron microscope and enumeration tests. The result showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the single-ion inorganic antibacterial material. In addition, the particle size of this material can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are its loose and dispersive structure, good thermal and light stability. From the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.展开更多
The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions:temperature was 95 ℃,solut...The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions:temperature was 95 ℃,solution zinc concentration was 1.2-2.0 mol/L,and the ratio of Zn solution to zeolite weight was 5:1.The final stable product was manufactured after baking in an oven for 1-3 h at the temperature of 500-900 ℃.The baked material was tested for its disinfection effectiveness and coloring effect when mixed with paint coating.Based on the final batch of tests,the zinc content of this anti-microbial product was further optimized.展开更多
The unity between physics and biology refers to that the inorganic systems: the Solar System, galaxies and artificial systems have the same structures and functions as the organisms. The development of science and te...The unity between physics and biology refers to that the inorganic systems: the Solar System, galaxies and artificial systems have the same structures and functions as the organisms. The development of science and technology is demonstrating the intense unification trends of physics and biology and a holistic science and technology era is about to start. The physics and biology unify on the basis of the four seasons' law, which is the most important rule of the universe. Life is defined as the four seasons' whole with the structure and process of four seasons. The organism is basically structured into a dual four-season body by state-varying, state-stabilizing and control organizations. Animals, the Solar System and the earth are all the dual four-season bodies. In the unity between physics and biology, the inorganic life materials and inorganic life body can be manufactured artificially.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the possibility of improving the flame Retardancy for the hybrid composite material consisting araldite resin (CY223). The hybrid composite was reinforced by hybrid fibers from carbon an...This study aims to investigate the possibility of improving the flame Retardancy for the hybrid composite material consisting araldite resin (CY223). The hybrid composite was reinforced by hybrid fibers from carbon and Kevlar fibers on woven roving form (45o -0o), by using a surface layer of 4mm thick of Zinc Borate flame retardant. Afterward, the structure was exposed directly to gas flame of 2000oC due to 10 mm and 20mm exposure interval. The retardant layer thermal resistance and protection capability were determined. The study was continued to improve the performance of Zinc Borate layer mixed by 10%, 20% and 30% of Antimony Trioxide. To determine the heat transfer of the composite material the opposite surface temperature method was used. Zinc Borate with (30%) Antimony Trioxide gives the optimized result of the experiment.展开更多
We describe the sol-gel synthesis of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which various vinyl polymers are covalently bonded to and uniformly distributed in inorganic oxide matrices. The materials ca...We describe the sol-gel synthesis of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which various vinyl polymers are covalently bonded to and uniformly distributed in inorganic oxide matrices. The materials can be tailored to have both good toughness and hardness while maintaining excellent optical transparency. Doping the sol-gel metal oxides with optically active compounds such as D-glucose results in new optical rotatory composite materials. Removal of the dopant compounds from the composites affords mesoporous oxide materials; which represents a new, nonsurfactant-templated route to mesoporous molecular sieves. We have successfully immobilized a series of enzymes and other bioactive agents in mesoporous materials. Catalytical activities of the enzyme encapsulated in mesoporous materials were found to be much higher than those encapsulated in microporous materials.展开更多
The sol-gel transition process of PMMA/SiO2 hybrid materials was first studied by means of the dynamic torsional vibration method. The different stages of the transition can be described by the change of torque. The t...The sol-gel transition process of PMMA/SiO2 hybrid materials was first studied by means of the dynamic torsional vibration method. The different stages of the transition can be described by the change of torque. The temperature-dependent measurement of the gel time( tg ) gives the possibility to determine the apparent activation energy.( Ea ) of this transition according to Flory's gelation theory. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic fluctuation theory was used to predict the transition behavior. The isothermal transition experiments on hybrid sols with different TEOS(tetraethyl orthosilicate) contents were carried out. The results show that the Ea of a hybrid sol is higher than that of a non- hybrid sol of a TEOS-water-ethanol system. The increasing of TEOS content in a hybrid sol has no obvious effect on the Ea value, but it can enhance the sol-gel .reaction rate.展开更多
hydroxy-4-nitro azobenzene (NHA) and 4-amino-4-nitro azobenzene (DO3) were prepared respectively from p-nitrophenylamine as a precursor compound. Two kinds of doped organic/inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) mat...hydroxy-4-nitro azobenzene (NHA) and 4-amino-4-nitro azobenzene (DO3) were prepared respectively from p-nitrophenylamine as a precursor compound. Two kinds of doped organic/inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) materials containing NHA and DO3 were synthesized by Sol-Gel process. The preparation and properties of two NLO materials were studied and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, UV-VIS, SEM, DSC and SHG measurements. The results show that the maximum doping amounts of NHA and DO3 in two doped hybrid NLO materials are 7.2(wt)% and 11.3(wt)% respectively, and the corresponding second-order NLO coefficients (d33 values) are 2.91×10 8esu and 6.14×10 8esu. Two doped NLO materials have relatively good RT stability, after 90 days at RT the d33 values can maintain about 85% of their initial values, but after 10h at 100℃ can only maintain about 50% of their initial values. In this report, the reasons for high-temperature instability of doped materials were discussed, and the possible improvements were also suggested.展开更多
With the continuous demand of material performance,the development of materials is rapid,and the professional curriculum teaching of“new inorganic materials”as well as its teaching methods related to the internet ma...With the continuous demand of material performance,the development of materials is rapid,and the professional curriculum teaching of“new inorganic materials”as well as its teaching methods related to the internet mandate a reform,in order to meet the needs of innovative high-quality personnel training.The update and optimization of the teaching content and methods assisted by the internet meet the needs of modern teaching and research work.More than 90%of students believe that internet teaching is conducive to the understanding of classroom knowledge and the development of innovative projects.展开更多
Single crystal of lithium potassium sulphate, a nonlinear optical material, was grown from aqua solution by slow evapo- ration method at room temperature. The cell parameters were estimated by single crystal X-ray dif...Single crystal of lithium potassium sulphate, a nonlinear optical material, was grown from aqua solution by slow evapo- ration method at room temperature. The cell parameters were estimated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical transmittance of the crystal was recorded using the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and the optical band gap was calculated using this method. The second harmonic generation efficiency was measured by Kurtz and Perry powder technique and the phase-matching property was confirmed. The hardness of the material was measured by Vicker’s hardness test.展开更多
For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial.However,it is ch...For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial.However,it is challenging to effectively optimize this interface as it is buried beneath the perovskite film.Herein,we have designed and synthesized a series of multifunctional organic-inorganic(OI)complexes as buried interfacial material to promote electron extraction,as well as the crystal growth of the perovskite.The OI complex with BF4−group not only eliminates oxygen vacancies on the SnO_(2) surface but also balances energy level alignment between SnO_(2) and perovskite,providing a favorable environment for charge carrier extraction.Moreover,OI complex with amine(−NH_(2))functional group can regulate the crystallization of the perovskite film via interaction with PbI2,resulting in highly crystallized perovskite film with large grains and low defect density.Consequently,with rational molecular design,the PSCs with optimal OI complex buried interface layer which contains both BF4−and−NH_(2) functional groups yield a champion device efficiency of 23.69%.More importantly,the resulting unencapsulated device performs excellent ambient stability,maintaining over 90%of its initial efficiency after 2000 h storage,and excellent light stability of 91.5%remaining PCE in the maximum power point tracking measurement(under continuous 100 mW cm−2 light illumination in N2 atmosphere)after 500 h.展开更多
Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have great potential in the application of electrochemical energy storage devices due to the low cost,the abundant resources and the low standard reduction potential of potass...Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have great potential in the application of electrochemical energy storage devices due to the low cost,the abundant resources and the low standard reduction potential of potassium.As electrode materials are the key factors to determine the electrochemical performance of devices,relevant research is being carried out to build high-performance PIBs.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the study of the design of inorganic electrode materials.Herein,we review the cathode materials(Prussian blue and its analogues,layered oxides and poly anionic compounds)and the anode materials(antimony-based,selenium-based and bismuth-based compounds).On the basis of previous work,the structural design principles for improving the performance of electrode materials are reasonably summarized.At the same time,the problems that need to be solved in the preparation of electrode materials and the direction of future research and improvement are pointed out.展开更多
Biomineralization process regulates the growth of inorganic minerals by complex molecules,proteins,and cells,endowing bio-materials with marvels structures and excellent properties.The intricate structures and composi...Biomineralization process regulates the growth of inorganic minerals by complex molecules,proteins,and cells,endowing bio-materials with marvels structures and excellent properties.The intricate structures and compositions found in biominerals have inspired scientists to design and synthesize numerous artificial biomimetic materials.The methodology for controlling the formation of inorganics plays a pivotal role in achieving biomimetic structures and compositions.However,the current approach predominantly relies on the classical nucleation theory,which hinders the precise preparation of inorganic materials by replicating the biomineralization strategy.Recently,the development of“inorganic ionic polymerization”strategy has enabled us to regulate the arrangement of inorganic ions from solution to solid phase,which establishes an artificial way to produce inorganic materials analogous to the biomineralization process.Based on inorganic ionic polymerization,a series of achievements have been realized for the biomimetic preparation,including moldable construction of inorganic materials,hard tissue regeneration,and high-performance biomimetic materials.Moreover,the utilization of inorganic ionic polymerization has also facilitated the production of numerous advanced materials,including novel structures that exceed the current knowledge of materials science.The inorganic ionic polymerization system provides new artificial strategies and methodologies for the controllable synthesis of inorganics,which mimics the biomineralization process,paving the way for the future development of more high-performance materials.展开更多
Long afterglow photoluminescent materials Sr2MgSi2O7 doped with Eu2+, Dy3+ were prepared by sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The excitation spectrum, emission spectrum a...Long afterglow photoluminescent materials Sr2MgSi2O7 doped with Eu2+, Dy3+ were prepared by sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The excitation spectrum, emission spectrum and long decay curve were measured and analyzed. XRD pattern indicates that phosphor is with Sr2MgSi2O7 crystal structure. The wide range of excitation wavelength indicates that luminescent material can be excited by light from ultraviolet ray to visible light. The main peak of emission spectrum is located at 466 nm. Sample excited by visible light can emit bright blue light, and the afterglow time lasts more than 8 h.展开更多
The antimicrobial effect of the Ag-White Carbon Black containing rare earth was investigated. Inorganic antibiotic materials consist of the antibacterial ion, the additive and the carrier. The sol-gel method was used ...The antimicrobial effect of the Ag-White Carbon Black containing rare earth was investigated. Inorganic antibiotic materials consist of the antibacterial ion, the additive and the carrier. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the white carbon black carrier. Ag+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and cerous nitrate was selected to be the additive. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. The structures and properties of antibacterial material were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, fourier transform infrared and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). Results showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black (without containing rare earth). Ag+ was bound to white carbon black by ion exchange process and adsorption process. Bacteriostasis rate is over 99%, and the particle size can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are good thermal and light stability. Furthermore, from the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.展开更多
Mixed rare earth elements were incorporated into alumina ceramic materials. Hot-pressing was used to fabricate alumina matrix composites in nitrogen atmosphere protection. Microstructures and mechanical properties of ...Mixed rare earth elements were incorporated into alumina ceramic materials. Hot-pressing was used to fabricate alumina matrix composites in nitrogen atmosphere protection. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were tested. It was indicated that the bending strength and fracture toughness of alumina matrix ceramic composites sintered at 1550 ℃ and 28 MPa for 30 min were improved evidently. Besides mixed rare earth elements acting as a toughening phase, AlTiC master alloys were also added in as sintering assistants, which could prompt the formation of transient liquid phase, and thus nitrides of rare earth elements were produced. All of the above were beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of alumina matrix ceramic composites.展开更多
Only two macroscopic parameters are needed to describe the mechanical properties of linear elastic solids, i.e. the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. Correspondingly, there should be two microscopic parameters to...Only two macroscopic parameters are needed to describe the mechanical properties of linear elastic solids, i.e. the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. Correspondingly, there should be two microscopic parameters to determine the mechanical properties of material if the macroscopic mechanical properties of linear elastic solids are derived from the microscopic level. Enlightened by this idea, a multiscale mechanical model for material, the virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds (VMIB) model, is proposed by incorporating a shear bond into the virtual internal bond (VIB) model. By this modification, the VMIB model associates the macro mechanical properties of material with the microscopic mechanical properties of discrete structure and the corresponding relationship between micro and macro parameters is derived. The tensor quality of the energy density function, which contains coordinate vector, is mathematically proved. From the point of view of VMIB, the macroscopic nonlinear behaviors of material could be attributed to the evolution of virtual bond distribution density induced by the imposed deformation. With this theoretical hypothesis, as an application example, a uniaxial compressive failure of brittle material is simulated. Good agreement between the experimental results and the simulated ones is found.展开更多
The LiMn2O4 thin film as a cathode material was prepared through solution deposition followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The phase identification and the study of surface morphology were carried out by X-my d...The LiMn2O4 thin film as a cathode material was prepared through solution deposition followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The phase identification and the study of surface morphology were carried out by X-my diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the film prepared by this method is homogeneous, dense, and crack-free. The thin film has a capacity of 38 μtAh/(cm^2·μm) with the capacity loss of 0.037% per cycle after being cycled for 100 times. The average diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in the RTA-derived LiMn2O4 thin film is 1×10 ^-10 cm^2·s^-1.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFE0207400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20168 and 52174225)。
文摘Developing technologies that can be applied simultaneously in battery thermal management(BTM)and thermal runaway(TR)mitigation is significant to improving the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Inorganic phase change material(PCM)with nonflammability has the potential to achieve this dual function.This study proposed an encapsulated inorganic phase change material(EPCM)with a heat transfer enhancement for battery systems,where Na_(2)HPO_(4)·12H_(2)O was used as the core PCM encapsulated by silica and the additive of carbon nanotube(CNT)was applied to enhance the thermal conductivity.The microstructure and thermal properties of the EPCM/CNT were analyzed by a series of characterization tests.Two different incorporating methods of CNT were compared and the proper CNT adding amount was also studied.After preparation,the battery thermal management performance and TR propagation mitigation effects of EPCM/CNT were further investigated on the battery modules.The experimental results of thermal management tests showed that EPCM/CNT not only slowed down the temperature rising of the module but also improved the temperature uniformity during normal operation.The peak battery temperature decreased from 76℃to 61.2℃at 2 C discharge rate and the temperature difference was controlled below 3℃.Moreover,the results of TR propagation tests demonstrated that nonflammable EPCM/CNT with good heat absorption could work as a TR barrier,which exhibited effective mitigation on TR and TR propagation.The trigger time of three cells was successfully delayed by 129,474 and 551 s,respectively and the propagation intervals were greatly extended as well.
基金Supported by 2020 Teaching Reform Research Project of Pingdingshan University(2020-JY05)School-level Ideological and Political Demonstration Course of Pingdingshan University in 2023-Ecological Engineering+1 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(212102110189)High-level Talent Start-up Fund Project of Pingdingshan University(PXY-BSQD-202001).
文摘Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.
文摘With the progress of science and technology,China has gradually attached importance to research and exploration in chemistry,and the achievements in exploring mechanochemistry are also quite significant.Therefore,it is necessary to study and explore mechanochemistry.This article mainly discusses the application of mechanochemistry in powder and some silicate materials,as well as in special ceramics,and provides a brief introduction to provide reference for relevant researchers.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (50574045)the Specialized Research Fundfor the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20050674003)the Science Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(07Y41398)
文摘Inorganic antibacterial materials consist of the antibacterial ions, the additives and the carrier. In this study, we synthesized a new inorganic antibacterialmaterial, of which Cu2+ and Ag+ were selected to be the bi-component antibacterial ions, cerous nitrate served as the additives, and the white carbon black was chosen as the carrier, which was prepared by a sol-gel method. The as-synthesized antibacterial material was characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, scanning electron microscope and enumeration tests. The result showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the single-ion inorganic antibacterial material. In addition, the particle size of this material can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are its loose and dispersive structure, good thermal and light stability. From the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.
基金Funded by the Construct Plan of Cooperation Project from the Beijing Education Committee(No. XK100080432)
文摘The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions:temperature was 95 ℃,solution zinc concentration was 1.2-2.0 mol/L,and the ratio of Zn solution to zeolite weight was 5:1.The final stable product was manufactured after baking in an oven for 1-3 h at the temperature of 500-900 ℃.The baked material was tested for its disinfection effectiveness and coloring effect when mixed with paint coating.Based on the final batch of tests,the zinc content of this anti-microbial product was further optimized.
文摘The unity between physics and biology refers to that the inorganic systems: the Solar System, galaxies and artificial systems have the same structures and functions as the organisms. The development of science and technology is demonstrating the intense unification trends of physics and biology and a holistic science and technology era is about to start. The physics and biology unify on the basis of the four seasons' law, which is the most important rule of the universe. Life is defined as the four seasons' whole with the structure and process of four seasons. The organism is basically structured into a dual four-season body by state-varying, state-stabilizing and control organizations. Animals, the Solar System and the earth are all the dual four-season bodies. In the unity between physics and biology, the inorganic life materials and inorganic life body can be manufactured artificially.
文摘This study aims to investigate the possibility of improving the flame Retardancy for the hybrid composite material consisting araldite resin (CY223). The hybrid composite was reinforced by hybrid fibers from carbon and Kevlar fibers on woven roving form (45o -0o), by using a surface layer of 4mm thick of Zinc Borate flame retardant. Afterward, the structure was exposed directly to gas flame of 2000oC due to 10 mm and 20mm exposure interval. The retardant layer thermal resistance and protection capability were determined. The study was continued to improve the performance of Zinc Borate layer mixed by 10%, 20% and 30% of Antimony Trioxide. To determine the heat transfer of the composite material the opposite surface temperature method was used. Zinc Borate with (30%) Antimony Trioxide gives the optimized result of the experiment.
基金This work has been supported by the US National Institutes of Health (No. RO1-DE09848 to YW) and Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Nos. 29674001 and 19810760343 to KYQ and YW).
文摘We describe the sol-gel synthesis of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which various vinyl polymers are covalently bonded to and uniformly distributed in inorganic oxide matrices. The materials can be tailored to have both good toughness and hardness while maintaining excellent optical transparency. Doping the sol-gel metal oxides with optically active compounds such as D-glucose results in new optical rotatory composite materials. Removal of the dopant compounds from the composites affords mesoporous oxide materials; which represents a new, nonsurfactant-templated route to mesoporous molecular sieves. We have successfully immobilized a series of enzymes and other bioactive agents in mesoporous materials. Catalytical activities of the enzyme encapsulated in mesoporous materials were found to be much higher than those encapsulated in microporous materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50025309 and 90201016).
文摘The sol-gel transition process of PMMA/SiO2 hybrid materials was first studied by means of the dynamic torsional vibration method. The different stages of the transition can be described by the change of torque. The temperature-dependent measurement of the gel time( tg ) gives the possibility to determine the apparent activation energy.( Ea ) of this transition according to Flory's gelation theory. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic fluctuation theory was used to predict the transition behavior. The isothermal transition experiments on hybrid sols with different TEOS(tetraethyl orthosilicate) contents were carried out. The results show that the Ea of a hybrid sol is higher than that of a non- hybrid sol of a TEOS-water-ethanol system. The increasing of TEOS content in a hybrid sol has no obvious effect on the Ea value, but it can enhance the sol-gel .reaction rate.
基金Plan Project of Science and Technology of Guangzhou City (2002J1-C0061) The First Author: XI Hongxia(1968-)
文摘hydroxy-4-nitro azobenzene (NHA) and 4-amino-4-nitro azobenzene (DO3) were prepared respectively from p-nitrophenylamine as a precursor compound. Two kinds of doped organic/inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) materials containing NHA and DO3 were synthesized by Sol-Gel process. The preparation and properties of two NLO materials were studied and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, UV-VIS, SEM, DSC and SHG measurements. The results show that the maximum doping amounts of NHA and DO3 in two doped hybrid NLO materials are 7.2(wt)% and 11.3(wt)% respectively, and the corresponding second-order NLO coefficients (d33 values) are 2.91×10 8esu and 6.14×10 8esu. Two doped NLO materials have relatively good RT stability, after 90 days at RT the d33 values can maintain about 85% of their initial values, but after 10h at 100℃ can only maintain about 50% of their initial values. In this report, the reasons for high-temperature instability of doped materials were discussed, and the possible improvements were also suggested.
基金the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Number:51772247).
文摘With the continuous demand of material performance,the development of materials is rapid,and the professional curriculum teaching of“new inorganic materials”as well as its teaching methods related to the internet mandate a reform,in order to meet the needs of innovative high-quality personnel training.The update and optimization of the teaching content and methods assisted by the internet meet the needs of modern teaching and research work.More than 90%of students believe that internet teaching is conducive to the understanding of classroom knowledge and the development of innovative projects.
文摘Single crystal of lithium potassium sulphate, a nonlinear optical material, was grown from aqua solution by slow evapo- ration method at room temperature. The cell parameters were estimated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical transmittance of the crystal was recorded using the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and the optical band gap was calculated using this method. The second harmonic generation efficiency was measured by Kurtz and Perry powder technique and the phase-matching property was confirmed. The hardness of the material was measured by Vicker’s hardness test.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21931002 and 22101123)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0704100)+4 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(no.JCYJ20200109140812302)the Leading talents of Guangdong province program(2016LJ06N507)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(no.2018B030322001)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis(no.2020B121201002)Outstanding Talents Training Fund in Shenzhen.
文摘For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial.However,it is challenging to effectively optimize this interface as it is buried beneath the perovskite film.Herein,we have designed and synthesized a series of multifunctional organic-inorganic(OI)complexes as buried interfacial material to promote electron extraction,as well as the crystal growth of the perovskite.The OI complex with BF4−group not only eliminates oxygen vacancies on the SnO_(2) surface but also balances energy level alignment between SnO_(2) and perovskite,providing a favorable environment for charge carrier extraction.Moreover,OI complex with amine(−NH_(2))functional group can regulate the crystallization of the perovskite film via interaction with PbI2,resulting in highly crystallized perovskite film with large grains and low defect density.Consequently,with rational molecular design,the PSCs with optimal OI complex buried interface layer which contains both BF4−and−NH_(2) functional groups yield a champion device efficiency of 23.69%.More importantly,the resulting unencapsulated device performs excellent ambient stability,maintaining over 90%of its initial efficiency after 2000 h storage,and excellent light stability of 91.5%remaining PCE in the maximum power point tracking measurement(under continuous 100 mW cm−2 light illumination in N2 atmosphere)after 500 h.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975283)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Youth Fund,Nos.BK20220601)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-based Energy Resource (KFKT2021007)CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials (KLCMKFJJ2010)。
文摘Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have great potential in the application of electrochemical energy storage devices due to the low cost,the abundant resources and the low standard reduction potential of potassium.As electrode materials are the key factors to determine the electrochemical performance of devices,relevant research is being carried out to build high-performance PIBs.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the study of the design of inorganic electrode materials.Herein,we review the cathode materials(Prussian blue and its analogues,layered oxides and poly anionic compounds)and the anode materials(antimony-based,selenium-based and bismuth-based compounds).On the basis of previous work,the structural design principles for improving the performance of electrode materials are reasonably summarized.At the same time,the problems that need to be solved in the preparation of electrode materials and the direction of future research and improvement are pointed out.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22022511 and 22275161)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0710400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2021FZZX001-04 and 2022ZJJH02-01).
文摘Biomineralization process regulates the growth of inorganic minerals by complex molecules,proteins,and cells,endowing bio-materials with marvels structures and excellent properties.The intricate structures and compositions found in biominerals have inspired scientists to design and synthesize numerous artificial biomimetic materials.The methodology for controlling the formation of inorganics plays a pivotal role in achieving biomimetic structures and compositions.However,the current approach predominantly relies on the classical nucleation theory,which hinders the precise preparation of inorganic materials by replicating the biomineralization strategy.Recently,the development of“inorganic ionic polymerization”strategy has enabled us to regulate the arrangement of inorganic ions from solution to solid phase,which establishes an artificial way to produce inorganic materials analogous to the biomineralization process.Based on inorganic ionic polymerization,a series of achievements have been realized for the biomimetic preparation,including moldable construction of inorganic materials,hard tissue regeneration,and high-performance biomimetic materials.Moreover,the utilization of inorganic ionic polymerization has also facilitated the production of numerous advanced materials,including novel structures that exceed the current knowledge of materials science.The inorganic ionic polymerization system provides new artificial strategies and methodologies for the controllable synthesis of inorganics,which mimics the biomineralization process,paving the way for the future development of more high-performance materials.
文摘Long afterglow photoluminescent materials Sr2MgSi2O7 doped with Eu2+, Dy3+ were prepared by sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The excitation spectrum, emission spectrum and long decay curve were measured and analyzed. XRD pattern indicates that phosphor is with Sr2MgSi2O7 crystal structure. The wide range of excitation wavelength indicates that luminescent material can be excited by light from ultraviolet ray to visible light. The main peak of emission spectrum is located at 466 nm. Sample excited by visible light can emit bright blue light, and the afterglow time lasts more than 8 h.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China (50574045)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20050674003)the Science Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (07Y41398)
文摘The antimicrobial effect of the Ag-White Carbon Black containing rare earth was investigated. Inorganic antibiotic materials consist of the antibacterial ion, the additive and the carrier. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the white carbon black carrier. Ag+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and cerous nitrate was selected to be the additive. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. The structures and properties of antibacterial material were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, fourier transform infrared and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). Results showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black (without containing rare earth). Ag+ was bound to white carbon black by ion exchange process and adsorption process. Bacteriostasis rate is over 99%, and the particle size can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are good thermal and light stability. Furthermore, from the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.
基金the Outstanding Young Scientist Rewards of Shandong Province (05BS04008)the Natural Science Fund of Shandong Province (Y2007F29)
文摘Mixed rare earth elements were incorporated into alumina ceramic materials. Hot-pressing was used to fabricate alumina matrix composites in nitrogen atmosphere protection. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were tested. It was indicated that the bending strength and fracture toughness of alumina matrix ceramic composites sintered at 1550 ℃ and 28 MPa for 30 min were improved evidently. Besides mixed rare earth elements acting as a toughening phase, AlTiC master alloys were also added in as sintering assistants, which could prompt the formation of transient liquid phase, and thus nitrides of rare earth elements were produced. All of the above were beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of alumina matrix ceramic composites.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Project) (No. 2002CB412704).
文摘Only two macroscopic parameters are needed to describe the mechanical properties of linear elastic solids, i.e. the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. Correspondingly, there should be two microscopic parameters to determine the mechanical properties of material if the macroscopic mechanical properties of linear elastic solids are derived from the microscopic level. Enlightened by this idea, a multiscale mechanical model for material, the virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds (VMIB) model, is proposed by incorporating a shear bond into the virtual internal bond (VIB) model. By this modification, the VMIB model associates the macro mechanical properties of material with the microscopic mechanical properties of discrete structure and the corresponding relationship between micro and macro parameters is derived. The tensor quality of the energy density function, which contains coordinate vector, is mathematically proved. From the point of view of VMIB, the macroscopic nonlinear behaviors of material could be attributed to the evolution of virtual bond distribution density induced by the imposed deformation. With this theoretical hypothesis, as an application example, a uniaxial compressive failure of brittle material is simulated. Good agreement between the experimental results and the simulated ones is found.
基金This project was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (No. 04JJ40038) and the Education Department of Hunan Province, China (No. 04C 475).
文摘The LiMn2O4 thin film as a cathode material was prepared through solution deposition followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The phase identification and the study of surface morphology were carried out by X-my diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the film prepared by this method is homogeneous, dense, and crack-free. The thin film has a capacity of 38 μtAh/(cm^2·μm) with the capacity loss of 0.037% per cycle after being cycled for 100 times. The average diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in the RTA-derived LiMn2O4 thin film is 1×10 ^-10 cm^2·s^-1.