Measurement and Decomposition of Multi-Dimensional Poverty in China

Based on China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) data and global MPI standard,this paper measures and analyzes multi-dimensional poverty in China. The study finds that the level of multi-dimensional poverty in China is not high and tends to decrease over time.Uneven regional development significantly affects multi-dimensional poverty. The poor are deprived in health, education and other aspects, but indicator contributions vary among specific groups of people. Overlap between economic poverty and multi-dimensional poverty has a trend of inter-temporal reduction. China's development-centered poverty reduction policy has achieved great results and significantly improved the development capabilities of the poor. Development-oriented approach is China's important experience in poverty reduction, and forebodes China's bright prospect of achieving its goal to complete building a moderately prosperous society by 2020.

China's Anti-Poverty Strategy and Post-2020 Relative Poverty Line

China is about to eliminate absolute poverty in 2020 in favor of relative poverty.The Gini coef ficient re flects a distorted picture of relative poverty in China,which is prominent and overlaps with absolute poverty.This paper reviews China’s moving poverty line and pro-poor policies in various stages.It then estimates the scale of rural relative poverty in the context of urban and rural divide,and lastly,it proposes that,beyond 2020,China should follow a two-region and two-stage approach in setting the relative poverty line.Coastal regions should adopt a relative poverty line based on household disposable income,interior regions should convert the absolute poverty line into relative poverty line.After 2035,China is expected to enter late-stage urbanization,and the relative poverty standard will be based on national disposable income.Future poverty governance should continue to focus on capacity training,regional transition,and multi-dimensional poverty identi fication.

The Realization of Common Prosperity through Relative Poverty Alleviation:Gradient Development and Optimization

Relative poverty alleviation is explicitly consistent with common prosperity.Relative poverty alleviation,which is part of the modernization of national governance capacity,is both an objective requirement of effective poverty alleviation and an inevitable approach to the realization of common prosperity.The alleviation of relative poverty and the realization of common prosperity are intrinsically coupled because they feature overlapping time sequences,monistic values,superimposed fields,similar systems,and homogeneous elements.The relationship between the two is essentially symbiotic,coexistent,and synergistic.Consequently,how to effectively alleviate relative poverty and build a dynamic long-term mechanism for relative poverty alleviation will be one of the major challenges for China to tackle before it can make more obvious and substantial progress toward common prosperity for all by 2035.This paper proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions,which mainly concern the building of a dynamic,multi-dimensional mechanism for relative poverty alleviation and a coordinated mode for the two missions.The aim is to achieve a balanced integration of the academic logic,social logic,and policy logic.

Multidimensional Relative Poverty of Farmers in Tibetan Areas - Based on a Data Analysis on Micro Surveys

In 2020,the issue of absolute poverty has been solved,and China is building a well-off society in an all-round way.The issue of relative poverty is an important content of poverty reduction.Based on a survey data from Danba County in October 2020,this paper uses the AF method to calculate the incidence of multidimensional poverty and the multidimensional poverty index.The results showed that 44.65%of the farmers have multidimensional deprivation of any three indicators of relative poverty,and 2.79%of the farmers have serious multidimensional deprivation;the incidence of one-dimensional poverty in terms of“educational level index of head of household,”“per capita non-transfer income of households in 2019,”and“per capita household income in 2019”is the highest;at the same time,the contribution rate of the three indicators to the multidimensional poverty index is also higher than other indicators.Therefore,several suggestions have been put forward to alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty in the region from the aspects of industry development and education.

金沙江中游区脱贫攻坚期间土地利用可持续度的时空变化研究——以云南省禄劝县为例

基于土地利用可持续度提升特点与脱贫攻坚结合,在探讨土地可持续利用评价思路、内容和目标基础上,构建生态友好性、经济可行性和社会可接受性三方面有机结合的土地可持续利用评价指标体系,采用TOPSIS-灰色关联分析法进行实证分析,得出以下结论:禄劝县土地利用总体可持续度不高,2015年和2020年综合可持续度均属于低度可持续一级,各乡镇2020年土地利用可持续度的空间差异性较为显著,31.25%乡镇属于中度可持续,62.5%乡镇属于低度可持续,脱贫攻坚期间(2015-2020年)禄劝县和16个乡镇土地利用综合可持续度均有了一定程度的提升,但增幅不大,土地利用生态友好度、经济可行度和社会可接受度年均增幅的差异显著。

Analyzing multidimensional measures of poverty and their influences in China's Qinba Mountains

We use the Alkire–Foster poverty measure and decomposition method to study multidimensional poverty in the Qinling–Daba contiguous poor area of China's Henan Province.We examine absolute,relative,and multidimensional poverty focusing on heads of household and family characteristics as constituents of escaping each.We find that the multidimensional poverty index declines to a low level as values of k increase.Combining first-order random dominance with second-order stochastic dominance quickly determines rankings in the multidimensional poverty index.Increasing non-agricultural income emerges as the most important influence on escaping rural poverty,whereas households with elderly and children are at greatest risk for falling into poverty.

CCT and Rural Long-Term Poverty Reduction:International Experiences and China’s Practice

China’s anti-poverty strategy in the post-2020 era will focus on reducing chronic poverty and alleviating relative poverty.As a common international approach for long-term multidimensional poverty reduction,conditional cash transfer(CCT)payments reduce current poverty,prevent future poverty,and improve income distribution by providing poor households with cash allowances and promoting children’s human capital accumulation.For such reasons,CCT serves as an anti-poverty policy instrument worth referencing for China.This paper systematically reviewed the theoretical basis and development journey of CCT,the short-term and long-term implementation effects,as well as the decision-making basis,design and potential limitations.In this paper,we have further analyzed the poverty-reducing effects and problems of China’s rural public transfer payment policies in the current stage and discussed the achievements and inadequacies of China’s ongoing CCT pilot programs.Results indicate that the further development of CCT in China calls for a combination top-down and bottom-up policy-making approaches in project design and implementation,as well as an evolving poverty governance system complementary with other relevant policies.

我国相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院现况

目的分析我国相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院现况,以便发现问题并提出有针对性的改进建议。方法自行设计调查表,收集相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院的相关信息并进行描述性分析。结果相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院的各类卫生技术人员数低于全国平均水平,编制数低于规定标准且编外用工较多。注册全科医师、中医执业(助理)医师、公共卫生执业(助理)医师、妇产科执业医师、外科执业医师配备不足;中级及以上职称和大学本科及以上学历的执业助理医师及注册护士占比较低;设施设备配备量及服务量低于全国平均水平。结论相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院的人力资源数量和质量均有待进一步提升。应加大财政投入,确保编制人数达到相应标准,落实乡镇卫生院标准化建设。

发展型社会政策的演进机理与扩散逻辑研究——以易地扶贫搬迁政策为例

政策属性对政策扩散速度和扩散规模具有显著影响。作为发展型社会政策,易地扶贫搬迁从试点到推广都是在中央政府主导下完成的。通过观察2001—2020年间易地扶贫搬迁政策扩散过程,可以探寻该类型政策的演进机理与扩散逻辑。与传统以S型曲线为代表的“渐进主义”演进机理不同,易地扶贫搬迁政策扩散呈现“断点式”非渐进增长形态。从政策目标、指导原则、执行机制三个维度审视中央政府干预程度的变化可以发现,面对中央更高的政治势能,地方政府会衍生出政治、治理、社会三重行动逻辑。对比不同阶段中央与地方政府政策发布时间节点可以看出,“政治逻辑”在其中居于统领地位。

法治保障脱贫攻坚成果巩固的湖南模式及其持续优化路径——基于湖南省脱贫攻坚基础数据的调研分析

湖南省脱贫攻坚显著成效的取得与法治保障密不可分。其主要采取制定脱贫攻坚法治保障领域地方立法、守住不发生规模性返贫底线、压实各级主体责任等方式实现法治保障脱贫攻坚成果巩固,但脱贫攻坚成果法治保障仍存在短板,如涉贫领域微贪腐问题处理纪法边界不明、主体责任到村级层面“鞭长莫及”、涉贫信访化解方式单一、责任落实欠佳等问题。未来法治保障脱贫攻坚成果的巩固,可以从制定巩固脱贫攻坚成果立法构建刚性法律约束、压实村级涉贫法律责任、完善涉贫监督机制、依法化解涉贫信访等方面有力推进。

金融助力乡村振兴研究成果述评与启示

梳理既有成果对深化金融助力乡村振兴研究具有重要的启示价值,有助于推动有关研究不断走向深入。以CNKI收录的220篇文献为样本,采用主题聚类分析范式对金融助力乡村振兴研究成果进行系统性述评,具体包括六大主题:(数字)普惠金融助力乡村振兴、绿色金融助力乡村振兴、新型农业经营主体的金融服务、金融服务农业产业链与产业化、乡村振兴战略背景下的金融扶贫、互联网金融助力乡村振兴,在述评基础上总结有关研究现状及不足,提出未来研究建议和拓展方向。

产业扶贫经验融入产业经济学课程的实践探究--基于课程思政视角

为提升课程思政建设成效,该文制订并实践一套将我国产业扶贫经验融入产业经济学课程的“三融入、四改革”教学改革方案。该方案将产业扶贫经验三要素(产业扶贫经济理论、产业扶贫实践策略、产业扶贫伟大精神)融入教学内容,以教学方法设计、课外实践布置、课程考核重构和教学资源共享为四大改革抓手,进而实现塑造正确人生价值、传授经济专业知识、培养经济实操能力“三位一体”的经济类专业课程思政建设目标。

中缅命运共同体构建视域下的中缅减贫合作研究

近年来,虽然缅甸在消除贫困的进程中取得了长足进步,贫困率也在逐年下降,但贫困问题仍是缅甸政府及民众面临的最严峻挑战之一。中缅减贫合作有着坚实的政治、文化、合作理念、现实和制度等基础,并已在经贸投资、援助、减贫专项合作及机制建设等方面取得了积极成效。在构建中缅命运共同体的视域下,为更好地促进中缅减贫合作,还应加强对缅减贫合作研究,制定中缅减贫具体的合作规划,加大对缅投资力度,扩大对缅劳动力需求,带动关联产业的发展,完善缅甸贫困农村基础设施,提升缅甸贫困人口的就业技能,引入在缅中资企业资源,充分发挥非政府组织作用等。

新时代治边稳藏战略与乡村振兴有效衔接的治理路径探析

“治边稳藏”作为新时代党的治藏方略的重要组成部分,需要特殊的治理手段和治理能力支撑。脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴为治边稳藏战略贡献了治理成果与治理经验,也为进一步完成治边稳藏战略任务提供治理手段。随着乡村振兴“五大振兴”任务全面铺开,需要更有针对性地开展治边稳藏战略与乡村振兴的衔接工作。习近平总书记“抓好稳定、发展、生态、强边四件大事”的重要指示,为做好相关工作指明了方向,提供了根本遵循。

关联性视角下绿色金融发展对脱贫攻坚的贡献度研究

本文通过构建多维度绿色金融发展水平综合评价指标体系和减贫程度评价指标体系,并运用灰色关联度分析法,探究绿色金融发展水平对我国脱贫攻坚的贡献度。研究结论表明:绿色金融的发展在一定程度上对脱贫攻坚有较高的贡献度,该贡献度的范围为0.441~0.945。从贡献度排序结果来看,当前我国绿色金融发展水平程度对产业结构升级、城镇化水平和教育水平的影响较大。从绿色金融发展的不同维度来看,绿色投资和政府支持在绿色金融发展过程中对脱贫攻坚贡献作用效果最强。

中国农村水贫困与城市化、工业化进程的协调关系研究

本研究通过构建我国农村水贫困评价指标体系、城市化与工业化进程综合评价指标体系,运用水贫困指数模型(WPI)、城市化与工业化进程系数模型,对我国2000年至2009年31个省份农村地区水贫困测度及各省城市化与工业化进程系数进行计算,结果基本显示了我国农村地区近年来水贫困程度分布范围及城市化与工业化发展程度。运用水贫困与城市化、工业化协调度模型对我国各省份水贫困与城市化、工业化的协调关系进行研究,并基于测算的协调度结果对我国农村水贫困与城市化及工业化水平的空间差异进行分析。最后,提出缓解农村水贫困、促进城市化与工业化发展的相关对策建议。

我国农村人口的健康贫困探讨

健康与贫困有着密切关系。我国农村人口健康贫困主要是由于农民公平参与和利用健康资源的能力和机会的削弱或丧失、既有制度缺位、健康资源配置不合理以及农民支付能力有限等原因造成的。构建政府主导的基本健康服务公共支持体系、增加农民收入、强化健康教育是摆脱我国农村人口健康贫困的主要途径。

东北现象再解析和东北振兴预判研究——对影响国土空间开发保护格局变化稳定因素的初探

从"东北现象"的新近表现,提出影响国土空间开发保护格局变化的3个稳定因素:资源环境承载能力、地缘关系、文化和体制机制。分别对3个稳定因素在东北地区的特征状况进行了解析,结果表明东北资源环境承载能力本底强,但开发利用效益不佳,突出表现在优化开发区和重点开发区面积过小、限制性开发区收益较低、资源环境承载力预警超载低;位于全球三大经济圈之一的东北亚核心区,地缘优势突出,但未能转换为经济优势,突出表现为外向型经济比重过小、对日韩贸易地位不凸显;文化和体制机制成为限制东北地区发展的核心障碍,突出表现在产业结构不合理、国有经济比重过高。以五大发展理念为指引,结合东北振兴的问题导向,着重对东北地区提高科技创新能力解决发展驱动力的转型、创新国有企业改革模式和促进多种所有制经济协调发展、围绕"一带一路"战略实现开放经济的转型以及腾出国内市场促进东北优势产业继续保持活力、以共享发展理念消除城市贫困增进东北地区民生福祉、采取经济社会生态效益相统一的原则实现东北地区按照主体功能定位进行发展等开展预判研究。

中国贫困根源的结构性分析与治理对策

从本质上看,贫困的根源主要不是个人能力、权利的缺乏,而主要是由于贫困人口缺失必要的社会经济资源。摆脱贫困,无论是摆脱绝对贫困还是摆脱相对贫困,都是贫困人口的经济社会地位上升的过程。习近平总书记所讲的解决中国贫困问题不只是西方那种通过慈善、救济意义的反贫困,而是与中国社会主义制度相联系的实现共同富裕。从这个意义上看,中国存在的贫困既有历史的根源,也有现实的原因。要达到精准扶贫的目标就要找准贫困的根源。

农村家庭健康贫困脆弱性多维风险因素探析

目的:明确农村家庭健康贫困脆弱性的风险因素,为健康扶贫研究提供借鉴。方法:运用词频分析方法,对国内外文献中农村家庭健康贫困脆弱性的相关因素进行文献梳理。结果:发现健康贫困脆弱性的风险因素不仅包括家庭内部特征,如经济收入、家庭负担系数、家庭成员健康状况和医疗保障水平等,还与家庭外部的环境也有一定的联系。结论:家庭内部特征的风险因素是导致健康贫困脆弱性的核心因素。