The Dual Aspects of Administrative Reconsideration System from the Perspective of a Diversified Dispute Resolution Mechanism

The proposition of a diversified dispute resolution mechanism is mainly to realize the reasonable diversion of cases and promote the substantive resolution of disputes.Under this framework,all dispute resolution mechanisms must strictly follow the basic judicial principles and norms and abide by the bottom line of justice in the subjects and procedure of"dispute resolution"in order to gain the trust of the concerned parties.It is necessary to fully activate and give full play to their own characteristics and advantages and carry out the equal and orderly competition in the"diversified mechanism"to ensure that the concerned parties'right of free choice can be substantially expanded.As one of the components of the"diversified dispute resolution mechanism,"the administrative reconsideration system should have the dual aspects of judicialization and administerization.The two aspects are not in a diametric opposition or tradeoff relation,but rather,they merely differ in observation perspectives,zone of action and specific direction to such an extent without compromising their coexistence and reciprocal promotion.Only by the judicalization and administerization of the administrative reconsideration system can we get it out of the current dilemma and gradually turn it into the main channel to solve administrative disputes.

"Fengqiao Model" and the Structural Changes of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in China

As the idea of diversified dispute resolution becomes common sense,the structural relations of different dispute resolution mechanisms have become the focus of practice reforms and theoretical controversies in China.The 60-year development of the"Fengqiao Model"has always focused on the overall design of the dispute resolution system,which provides a foundation and plenty of materials for understanding these structural relationships.Combined with the development of social theory,this paper summarizes a general structural theory of dispute resolution mechanisms based on the"Fengqiao Model."This theory advocates that the structure of dispute resolution mechanisms is the outcome of the integration of state intervention,social self-regulatory,and their interactions with various dispute resolution mechanisms.It can be used to explain the formation and change of the dispute resolution system in China,the structural strain in recent years,the overall plan of structural adjustment since 2012,and the next strategic core of profound adjustment.It also can be used to explain why the"Fengqiao Model"is so persistent and widely applicable,and how the"Fengqiao Model"be converted from a local model to an overall requirement,showing the great meaning of adhering to and developing the"Fengqiao Model'at present.

Direct Optical Resolution of Chiral Pesticides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Enantiomer separation is one of the most important prerequisites for the investigation of environmental enantioselective behavior for chiral pesticides.The enantiomeric separation of three chiral pesticides,indoxacarb,lambda-cyhalothrin,and simeconazole,were studied on cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate)-coated chiral stationary phase(CDMPC-CSP) using high-performance liquid chromatography under normal phase condition.The effects of chromatographic conditions,such as the mobile phase composition including the concentration and type of alcohol modifiers in hexane,flow rate and column temperature,on enantiomer separation were examined.The thermodynamical mechanism of enantioseparation and chiral recognition mechanism were discussed.Better separation were achieved using 20% n-propanol for indoxacarb,2% iso-butanol for lambda-cyhalothrin,and 20% iso-propanol for simeconazole as modifiers in hexane at 25℃ with the selectivity factor(a) of 1.69,1.82 and 1.70,respectively.The resolution factor(Rs) decreased as the flow rate increased from 0.4 to 1.1 ml·min-1.The retention factor(k') and selectivity factor for the enantiomers of analytes decreased as temperature increased.The lna-1/T plots for racemic chiral pesticides were linear in the range of 15-35℃ in hexane/iso-propanol and the chiral separation was controlled by enthalpy.Hydrogen bonding,π-π and dipole-dipole interactions between enantiomers and CDMPC-CSP play an important role in chiral identification,and the fitting of the asymmetric portion of solutes in a chiral cavity or channel of the CSP is also important.

Multi-dimensional ambiguity function for subarray-based space-time coding radar

Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.

Study of the growth mechanism of a self‑assembled and ordered multi‑dimensional heterojunction at atomic resolution

Multi-dimensional heterojunction materials have attracted much attention due to their intriguing properties,such as high efciency,wide band gap regulation,low dimensional limitation,versatility and scalability.To further improve the performance of materials,researchers have combined materials with various dimensions using a wide variety of techniques.However,research on growth mechanism of such composite materials is still lacking.In this paper,the growth mechanism of multidimensional heterojunction composite material is studied using quasi-two-dimensional(quasi-2D)antimonene and quasione-dimensional(quasi-1D)antimony sulfde as examples.These are synthesized by a simple thermal injection method.It is observed that the consequent nanorods are oriented along six-fold symmetric directions on the nanoplate,forming ordered quasi-1D/quasi-2D heterostructures.Comprehensive transmission electron microscopy(TEM)characterizations confrm the chemical information and reveal orientational relationship between Sb2S3 nanorods and the Sb nanoplate as substrate.Further density functional theory calculations indicate that interfacial binding energy is the primary deciding factor for the self-assembly of ordered structures.These details may fll the gaps in the research on multi-dimensional composite materials with ordered structures,and promote their future versatile applications.

Cross-Modal Entity Resolution for Image and Text Integrating Global and Fine-Grained Joint Attention Mechanism

In order to solve the problem that the existing cross-modal entity resolution methods easily ignore the high-level semantic informational correlations between cross-modal data,we propose a novel cross-modal entity resolution for image and text integrating global and fine-grained joint attention mechanism method.First,we map the cross-modal data to a common embedding space utilizing a feature extraction network.Then,we integrate global joint attention mechanism and fine-grained joint attention mechanism,making the model have the ability to learn the global semantic characteristics and the local fine-grained semantic characteristics of the cross-modal data,which is used to fully exploit the cross-modal semantic correlation and boost the performance of cross-modal entity resolution.Moreover,experiments on Flickr-30K and MS-COCO datasets show that the overall performance of R@sum outperforms by 4.30%and 4.54%compared with 5 state-of-the-art methods,respectively,which can fully demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.

The Implementation of the Global Minimum Tax(GloBE):The Need for an Effective Dispute Prevention and Resolution Mechanism

The successful implementation of the Global Anti-Base Erosion(GloBE)rules on a global scale cannot be achieved without an international effective dispute prevention and resolution mechanism.However,the development of a dispute prevention and resolution framework for the GloBE rules faces significant challenges.This article offers two possible options for an effective dispute prevention and resolution mechanism:a model based on reciprocal domestic legislations and the multilateral convention model.

二阶逐层特征融合网络的图像超分辨重建

针对一些超分辨网络忽略了对网络各层次特征的复用以及融合的问题,构建了具有较强特征复用和融合能力的二阶逐层特征融合超分辨网络,以获得具有高分辨率、高保真度的重建图像。网络的核心是逐层特征融合模块,该模块通过特征融合操作增强特征的重用。此外,还提出了二阶特征融合机制,该机制在网络的局部和全局层次上采用逐层特征融合方法进行特征融合。实验结果表明该网络的重建图像在线条和轮廓上更清晰,并且在峰值信噪比和结构相似度上也取得了更好的结果。例如当缩放尺度因子为2时,各测试集上的峰值信噪比/结构相似度依次为38.20 dB/0.9612、33.81 dB/0.9195、32.28 dB/0.9010、32.65 dB/0.9324、39.11 dB/0.9779,相比其他模型有一定提升,从客观标准和主观角度证明了二阶逐层特征融合超分辨网络具有一定的优越性。

论环境纠纷非诉解决机制的专门化与法典回应

环境纠纷的特殊性与环境责任的专门性要求环境纠纷非诉解决机制应在传统方式的基础上进行专门化构建。国外的环境纠纷非诉解决机制的专门化主要体现为专门的环境纠纷行政处理机制、专门法院附设ADR机制、专门的民间性环境ADR机制三种样态。我国的环境纠纷非诉解决机制专门化应朝着引入中立评估、重塑环境纠纷行政处理、激活环境仲裁、健全生态磋商、探索设立新型环境ADR机构等方向努力。同时,在生态环境法典编纂的背景下,环境纠纷非诉解决机制专门化也应在法典中得到回应,明确专门化的基本内容和形式。

体育仲裁制度建设重点问题研究

中国体育仲裁委员会设立运行伊始,在仲裁程序与规则适用中面临一些难题,集中体现在运动员工作合同纠纷由劳动仲裁委员会管辖还是体育仲裁委员会管辖更为妥当,如何强化与国内外解纷机制的衔接与协调,如何充分保障体育纠纷解决及时性等。鉴于体育仲裁在管辖、执行、专业性等方面具有优势,由体育仲裁委员会管辖运动员工作合同纠纷更为合适;体育组织还需积极探索建设多元化的内部解纷机制,体育仲裁委员会则应适当行使自裁管辖权,做好内部解纷机制与体育仲裁的衔接;同时,关注国际体育解纷机制的新发展、新变化,确保国际体育解纷机制与体育仲裁的协调,积极回应体育纠纷处理的及时性要求,形成由“法律—规则—办法”构成的临时措施规则体系。

多尺度残差密集注意力网络图像超分辨率重建

目的使用单一尺度卷积网络提取低分辨率(low-resolution,LR)图像特征会造成大量图像高频特征丢失,为了获取更多高频特征,重建更清晰的超分辨率图像,方法提出一种基于多尺度残差密集注意力网络(multi-scale residual dense attention network)的单幅图像超分辨率重建算法。首先,使用卷积网络从低分辨率图像中提取浅层特征并将其作为后续网络各级输入;其次,采用各级多尺度残差密集注意力块(multi-scale residual dense attention block)处理前级网络图像特征并从中提取图像高频特征,多尺度残差密集网络善于提取更丰富的图像特征,并融入注意力机制,增强网络对高频区域特征的关注;然后,将网络各级提取不同深度的图像特征进行全局特征融合;最后,融合后的特征经上采样输出重建的超分辨率图像。结果放大因子为4时,网络在SET5,SET14,BSDS100,URBAN100和MANGA109数据集上测试,峰值信噪比分别为31.97,28.58,27.57,25.85,29.79 dB;网络中基本模块分别由多尺度残差密集注意力块、残差块和密集块替换提取特征,以峰值信噪比作为模块性能评估标准,多尺度残差密集注意力块表现更优异。结论该网络结合多尺度残差密集网络能够获取更丰富图像高低频信息,融入注意力机制有效对网络中高频信息进行提取,能重建纹理更清晰的超分辨率图像。

一种融合多尺度混合注意力的建筑物变化检测模型

针对高分辨率遥感图像非真实变化所引起的错误检测问题,提出一种新颖的轻量化孪生神经网络建筑物变化检测模型。其中轻量化的特征提取模块可以获取不同尺度的局部上下文信息,使其充分学习局部和全局特征。由通道和空间注意力组成的混合注意力模块可以充分利用周围丰富的时空语义信息,以实现变化建筑物的准确提取。针对变化建筑物尺度跨度较大,容易导致建筑物边缘细节提取粗糙、小尺度建筑物漏检等问题,引入多尺度概念,将提取到的特征图划分为多个子区域,并分别引入混合注意力模块,最终将不同尺度的输出特征进行加权融合,以加强边缘细节提取能力。模型在WHU-CD、LEVIR-CD公开数据集进行实验,并分别取得87.8%和88.1%的F 1值,相较于6种对比模型具有更高的变化检测精度。

应用自适应注意力机制U-net的地震数据高分辨处理

随着油气勘探开发的不断深入,薄储层与岩性油气藏逐渐成为重要的勘探目标,这也对地震资料的分辨率提出了更高的要求。文中提出了一种基于自适应注意力机制的U-net地震数据高分辨处理方法。该方法首先利用U-net结构学习地震数据的特征表示,通过下采样过程的编码器提取地震数据的抽象特征,然后通过上采样的解码器进行特征重建和细化。在上采样的过程中引入了注意力机制,用于自适应地调整网络对不同地震特征的关注程度,网络能够更加有效地捕捉到地震数据更多的细节和特征。Marmousi模型合成地震记录和实际数据实验结果表明,新网络比原U-net误差更小、更稳定,可有效提高预测精度,实现对地震数据的高分辨率处理。

基于改进边缘注意力生成对抗网络的电力设备热成像超分辨率重建

针对低分辨率电力设备热成像图像,提出一种基于改进边缘注意力生成对抗网络的超分辨率重建方法。首先,在边缘注意力的基础上,引入通道注意力和位置注意力的双注意力模块(dual attention, DA),捕获特征图不同位置间和不同通道间的依赖关系,并将两组依赖关系进行融合,以加大全局信息的提取程度。然后针对参数修正线性单元激活函数(parametric rectified linear unit, PReLU)对网络中神经元进行无差别激活,导致网络特征表达能力受限问题。采用改进β-ACONC自适应控制激活函数替代PRe LU函数,在辨识有效特征的基础上,对神经元进行选择性激活,以强化有效特征、弱化无效特征,提升网络的自适应激活能力和特征表达能力。最后对所提改进边缘注意力生成对抗网络模型(edge-attention generative adversarial network, EA-GAN)进行实验验证。结果表明,与Bi Cubic双三次插值模型和原EA-GAN模型边缘注意力生成对抗网络模型相比,所提改进模型网络性能最好,重建图像质量最高,客观评价指标峰值信噪比(peaksignal-to-noiseratio, PSNR)均值、结构相似性(structural similarity,SSIM)均值和均方误差损失(mean square error loss, MSE-loss)均值最优,在电力设备红外图像重建领域普适性较高,具有一定的工程应用价值。

人民法院多元纠纷解决机制的实证研究——以通辽市各级人民法院“和合无讼”诉源治理模式为切入点

构建多元纠纷解决机制,是贯彻落实中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告提出的“在社会基层坚持和发展新时代‘枫桥经验’”的有力实践。通辽市各级人民法院是内蒙古自治区“人案矛盾”突出的法院之一,总结了做好基层调解的先进经验,形成了符合当地乡规民约的调解方法和解决纠纷的方式。推进多元纠纷解决机制建设,是提升辖区案件审理质效、展现地区法治建设和社会治理成效的必然选择。推进通辽市多元纠纷解决机制建设,加强矛盾纠纷源头治理,将社会纠纷化解于萌芽状态,对筑牢祖国北疆安全稳定屏障具有重要的意义,既是努力实现中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会决策部署的现实需要,又是贯彻落实中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会决策部署的重要举措。通辽市各级人民法院在多元纠纷解决机制工作中取得了一定的成绩和经验,以通辽市各级人民法院“和合无讼”诉源治理模式为切入点,对通辽市各级人民法院构建多元纠纷解决机制的情况、经验、存在的问题进行调查和深度剖析,以期为内蒙古其他地区进一步优化多元纠纷解决机制提供一定的参考。

基于并行反向投影的图像超分辨率

基于反向投影的残差特征提取与融合,可有效提升深度网络的特征提取能力,从而有益于改善图像的超分辨率重构性能.在此基础上提出了一种改进的采用并行反向投影策略的图像超分辨率深度网络,通过并行增强处于不同频段的高频特征,得到超分辨率性能的进一步提升.具体进行浅层特征提取后,网络经过多级的双路并行的反向投影特征增强模块.每一级模块中包含两个通路,分别采用顺序相反的上下采样,可同时得到处于不同频段的残差特征信息.通过对多级残差特征的融合,图像的高频特征得到不断的增强.同时网络引入了多尺度特征提取与通道注意力机制,以改进特征表达和学习能力.在多个公开的数据集上的大量实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提升超分辨率性能,并且在减少模型复杂度方面有一定的成效.

乡村治理背景下民族地区民事纠纷非诉解决机制检视

近些年来,我国各地人民法院包括民族地区基层人民法院受理民事纠纷案件的数量一直居高不下,司法审判工作面临比较严峻的挑战。案件积压,给民族地区社会团结与和谐稳定的局势带来不小的压力。为了有效缓解民族地区基层人民法院案多人少的矛盾,应当发挥非诉解决机制的作用来分流案件和及时化解冲突。目前我国民族地区民事纠纷非诉解决机制存在一些问题,如自力救济机制存在失序与无效现象,社会救济机制缺乏应有的法律及政策支持,行政救济机制在处理民事纠纷上不具有终局性导致作用范围有限等,影响了其功能的发挥。该论文通过文献分析、比较分析和法理分析等方法,对非诉解决机制的发展完善提出了对策建议,包括强化自行协商和解的效力、健全调解与仲裁制度、扩大行政救济机制作用范围等,从而更好发挥非诉解决机制在分流化解纠纷、减少法院案件数量、促进民族地区社会平安稳定方面的功效,通过提升民族地区乡村治理水平,助推民族地区的乡村振兴。

对话共鸣产生幽默的认知机制:概念整合+乖讹消解的视角

概念整合理论和幽默的乖讹-消解理论相结合可用来解释对话共鸣实现幽默效果的认知机制和过程:共鸣产生幽默效果的认知操作是概念整合,但与其他现象的概念整合不同,在共鸣的概念整合中,平行、对仗的语言结构形式触发概念整合;源自两个输入空间的成分或/和关系在整合空间存在乖讹,随后,整合空间会基于自身的逻辑机制,产生涌现结构,对乖讹进行消解,因而最终产生幽默的效果。

轻量级图像超分辨率研究综述

基于深度学习的图像超分辨率(super-resolution,SR)受到广泛关注,其目的是提高图像的分辨率,以便对图像做进一步的处理,如目标检测、图像分类和人脸识别等。图像SR领域相关研究近年来取得了迅猛发展,但有关轻量级SR模型的相关综述还不多见。对基于深度学习的轻量级SR方法研究现状和损失函数进行了分析,并对目前轻量级SR方法进行了新的分类,分别为传统卷积方法和注意力机制方法。系统梳理了图像轻量级SR方法的发展历程和最新进展,指出了每一种方法存在的优势和缺陷。最后对当前轻量级SR技术存在的问题进行了分析,并给出了轻量级图像SR方法未来的研究方向。

结合非对称卷积与特征蒸馏的图像超分辨率重建网络

为了进一步提高单幅图像超分辨率(single image super-resolution,SISR)轻量化网络的图像重建效果,基于轻量化网络RFDN,提出一种结合非对称卷积与特征蒸馏的图像超分辨率重建网络(asymmetric convolution distillation network,ACDN)。首先利用非对称卷积构建特征提取模块,在残差块中并联2个不同卷积核的非对称卷积,增强网络对特征的提取能力;其次利用均衡注意力机制与非对称卷积改进特征蒸馏模块,强化网络对高频信息的获取;最后在重建模块中加入均衡注意力机制进一步提高网络的最终重建性能。实验结果表明:与RLFN、SMSR等先进轻量化网络相比,提出的ACDN网络能在5个标准数据集上重建出纹理细节更丰富的高质量图像,重建图像的峰值信噪比和结构相似性指标均有提升,并在网络模型的参数量和性能上达到了更好的平衡。