Reservoir heterogeneity analysis using multi-directional textural attributes from deep learning-based enhanced acoustic impedance inversion:A study from Poseidon,NW shelf Australia

Reservoir heterogeneities play a crucial role in governing reservoir performance and management.Traditionally,detailed and inter-well heterogeneity analyses are commonly performed by mapping seismic facies change in the seismic data,which is a time-intensive task.Many researchers have utilized a robust Grey-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)-based texture attributes to map reservoir heterogeneity.However,these attributes take seismic data as input and might not be sensitive to lateral lithology variation.To incorporate the lithology information,we have developed an innovative impedance-based texture approach using GLCM workflow by integrating 3D acoustic impedance volume(a rock propertybased attribute)obtained from a deep convolution network-based impedance inversion.Our proposed workflow is anticipated to be more sensitive toward mapping lateral changes than the conventional amplitude-based texture approach,wherein seismic data is used as input.To evaluate the improvement,we applied the proposed workflow to the full-stack 3D seismic data from the Poseidon field,NW-shelf,Australia.This study demonstrates that a better demarcation of reservoir gas sands with improved lateral continuity is achievable with the presented approach compared to the conventional approach.In addition,we assess the implication of multi-stage faulting on facies distribution for effective reservoir characterization.This study also suggests a well-bounded potential reservoir facies distribution along the parallel fault lines.Thus,the proposed approach provides an efficient strategy by integrating the impedance information with texture attributes to improve the inference on reservoir heterogeneity,which can serve as a promising tool for identifying potential reservoir zones for both production benefits and fluid storage.

Exact solution for thermal vibration of multi-directional functionally graded porous plates submerged in fluid medium

An analytical method for analyzing the thermal vibration of multi-directional functionally graded porous rectangular plates in fluid media with novel porosity patterns is developed in this study.Mechanical properties of MFG porous plates change according to the length,width,and thickness directions for various materials and the porosity distribution which can be widely applied in many fields of engineering and defence technology.Especially,new porous rules that depend on spatial coordinates and grading indexes are proposed in the present work.Applying Hamilton's principle and the refined higher-order shear deformation plate theory,the governing equation of motion of an MFG porous rectangular plate in a fluid medium(the fluid-plate system)is obtained.The fluid velocity potential is derived from the boundary conditions of the fluid-plate system and is used to compute the extra mass.The GalerkinVlasov solution is used to solve and give natural frequencies of MFG porous plates with various boundary conditions in a fluid medium.The validity and reliability of the suggested method are confirmed by comparing numerical results of the present work with those from available works in the literature.The effects of different parameters on the thermal vibration response of MFG porous rectangular plates are studied in detail.These findings demonstrate that the behavior of the structure within a liquid medium differs significantly from that within a vacuum medium.Thereby,they offer appropriate operational approaches for the structure when employed in various mediums.

Structure uniformity and limits of grain refinement of high purity aluminum during multi-directional forging process at room temperature

The effect of forging passes on the refinement of high purity aluminum during multi-forging was investigated. The attention was focused on the structure uniformity due to deformation uniformity and the grain refinement limitation with very high strains. The results show that the fine grain zone in the center of sample expands gradually with the increase of forging passes. When the forging passes reach 6, an X-shape fine grain zone is initially formed. With a further increase of the passes, this X-shape zone tends to spread the whole sample. Limitation in the structural refinement is observed with increasing strains during multi-forging process at the room temperature. The grains size in the center is refined to a certain size （110 μm as forging passes reach 12, and there is no further grain refinement in the center with increasing the forging passes to 24. However, the size of the coarse grains near the surface is continuously decreased with increasing the forging passes to 24.

Ductility enhancement of EW75 alloy by multi-directional forging

In this study,the Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy can reach a high ductility by the process of multi-directional forging,and the evolution of the microstructure,texture and the mechanical properties were discussed systematically.The results show that after the solutionized sample was multi-forged at 500℃,its grain size can be refined from 292 um to 58 um.As the forging temperature decreased,fine particles precipitated in the matrix.The volume fraction of the particles increased with the forging temperature decreasing,so the nucleation and growth of crystallization were strongly restricted.There was no recrystallization as the forging temperature fell to 410℃,and the severe deformed grains distributed as streamlines perpendicular to the final compression axis.The texture intensity decreased with increasing forging passes.The sample with best ductility was obtained after compressed at 470℃,with an elongation to failure of 21%at room temperature,which is increased by 200%,in comparison with that of the samples in solutionized condition.EBSD results revealed that the mean grain size was 15 um.Refined grains as well as the weakened texture were the key factors to its high ductility.

Study on Measurement Methods of Multi-Directional Waves—Wave Gauge Array Method

Measuring multi-directional waves with the wave gauge array is one of the fundamental and easily realised methods. In this paper, the wave gauge array is described and the effects of the gauge spacing, the array orientations, etc. of the three array arrangements, i. e., linear array, T-type array and pentagon array, on the resolution of the directional spreading of waves, are investigated experimentally. This study can be used as a reference in the experimental study and the field measurement of directional waves.

Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of multi-directional functionally graded piezoelectric annular plates on elastic foundations via state space based differential quadrature method

The three-dimensional free vibration analysis of a multi-directional func- tionally graded piezoelectric （FGP） annular plate resting on two parameter （Pasternak） elastic foundations is investigated under different boundary conditions. The material properties are assumed to vary continuously along the radial and thickness directions and have exponent-law distribution. A semi-analytical approach named the state space based differential quadrature method （SSDQM） is used to provide an analytical solution along the thickness using the state space method （SSM） and an approximate solution along the radial direction using the one-dimensional differential quadrature method （DQM）. The influence of the Winkler and shear stiffness of the foundation~ the material property graded variations, and the circumferential wave number on the nomdimensional natural frequency of multi-directional FGP annular plates is studied.

Microstructure,texture evolution and yield strength symmetry improvement of as-extruded ZK60 Mg alloy via multi-directional impact forging

Multi-direction impact forging(MDIF)was applied to the as-extruded ZK60 Mg alloy,and the microstructure,texture evolution and yield strength symmetry were investigated in the current study.The results showed that the average grain size of forged piece was greatly refined to 5.3μm after 120 forging passes,which was ascribed to the segmenting effect of{10–12}twins and the subsequent multiple rounds of dynamic recrystallization(DRX).A great deal of{10–12}twins were activated at the beginning of MDIF process,which played an important role in grain refinement.With forging proceeding,continuous and discontinuous DRX were successively activated,resulting in the fully DRXed microstructure.Meanwhile,the forged piece exhibited a unique four-peak texture,and the initial<10-10>//ED fiber texture component gradually evolved into multiple texture components composed of<0001>//FFD(first forging direction)and<11–20>//FFD texture.The special strain path was the key to the formation of the unique four-peak texture.The{10–12}twinning and basal slip were two dominant factors to the evolution of texture during MDIF process.Grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening were two main strengthening mechanisms of the forged piece.Besides,the symmetry of yield strength was greatly improved by MDIF process.

Loading System for Full-Scale Heavy-Duty Support Node Test with Multi-Directional Loading Requirements

This paper presents the design, analysis and experimental study of a loading system for heavy-duty nodes test based on a large-scale multi-directional in-plane loading device, which has been used in a full-scale heavy-duty support node test. Test loads of the support reached 6 567 kN with multi-directional loading requirements, which outrange the capacity of the available loading devices. Through the reinforcement of a large-scale multi-directional inplane loading device, the innovative design of a self-balanced load transferring device, and other arrangement considerations of the loading system, the test was implemented and the loading capacity of the ring was considerably enlarged. Due to the heavy loading requirements, some checking computations of the ring and the load transferring device outranged the limit of the Chinese national code "Code for Design of Steel Structures (GB 50017—2003)", thus elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis was carried out on the two devices, and also the real-time monitoring on the whole loading systems during experiments to ensure test safety. FE analysis and test results show that the loading system worked elastically during experiments.

Investigation of dry sliding wear properties of multi-directional forged Mg-Zn alloys

Effect of multi-directional forging(MDF)on wear properties of Mg-Zn alloys(with 2,4,and 6wt%Zn)is investigated.Dry sliding wear test was performed using pin on disk machine on MDF processed and homogenized samples.Wear behavior of samples was analyzed at loads of ION and 20 N,with sliding distances of 2000m and 4000m,at a sliding velocity of 3m/s.Microstructures of worn samples were observed under scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and x-ray diffraction(XRD)and the results were analyzed.Mechanical properties were evaluated using microhardness test.After 5 passes of MDF,the average grain size was found to be 30±4p m,22±3 pm,and 18±3 pm,in Mg-2%Zn,Mg-4%Zn,and Mg-6%Zn alloys,respectively,with significant improvement in hardness in all cases.Wear resistance was improved after MDF processing,as well as,with increment in Zn content in Mg alloy.However,it decreased when the load and the sliding distance increased.Worn surface exhibited ploughing,delamination,plastic deformation,and wear debris along sliding direction,and abrasive wear was found to be the main mechanism.

Oblique and Multi-Directional Random Wave Loads on Vertical Breakwaters

Extensive 3-D model tests have been performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multi-directionality on the wave loads acting on vertical breakwaters. The variation of horizontal and uplift forces acting on an unit length of a breakwater with wave direction, the longitudinal distribution of wave forces, as well as the longitudinal load reduction are analyzed. Some empirical formulae of the longitudinal distribution coefficient and the longitudinal load reduction factor are presented for practical use.

Three-Dimensional Model Test for Port Engineering with Multi-Directional Waves

-The necessity of using irregular waves, especially multi- directional waves to conduct three-dimensional model tests for port engineering and the test method are described in this paper through an example of model test for a port. The test results show that a deep navigation channel has a large effect on the waves in front of the breakwater near the port entrance and on the wave condition in the port.

Seismic performance of eccentrically-compressed steel pier under multi-directional earthquake loads

In this article,the seismic performance of box-shaped steel piers embedded with energy-dissipating shells under a multi-directional seismic load is investigated.A finite element(FE)model was accurately established and verified by the quasi-static test results.A parametric analysis of the hysteretic behaviour of a novel box-shaped steel pier under eccentric pressure was carried out on this basis.We discussed the influence of the eccentricity,axial compression ratio,thickness of embedded shell,ratio of slenderness,spacing of transverse stiffening ribs on the embedded shell,and width-to-thickness ratio of wallboard on the anti-seismic performance of a novel box-shaped steel bridge pier.The results revealed that the load carrying capacity and ductility coefficient of the specimen are substantially influenced by the eccentricity,variation in the axial compression ratio,and slenderness ratio.The specimen′s plastic energy dissipation capacity can be effectively improved by increasing the thickness of the embedded shell.The spacing of the transverse stiffening ribs only marginally affects seismic performance.In addition,the width-to-thickness ratio of the wallboard exerts a more considerable influence on the deformability of the square-section specimen.Finally,a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of the novel box-shaped steel piers under cyclic loading is proposed.

A multi-directional controllable multi-scroll conservative chaos generator:Modelling,analysis,and FPGA implementation

Combing with the generalized Hamiltonian system theory,by introducing a special form of sinusoidal function,a class of n-dimensional(n=1,2,3)controllable multi-scroll conservative chaos with complicated dynamics is constructed.The dynamics characteristics including bifurcation behavior and coexistence of the system are analyzed in detail,the latter reveals abundant coexisting flows.Furthermore,the proposed system passes the NIST tests and has been implemented physically by FPGA.Compared to the multi-scroll dissipative chaos,the experimental portraits of the proposed system show better ergodicity,which have potential application value in secure communication and image encryption.

PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS TREATED BY MULTI-DIRECTIONAL NEEDLING

Objective：To search for an effective therapy in treating peripheral facial paralysis. Methods： One hundred and eight patients were randomly divided into treatment group （n = 68） and control group （n = 40）. The multi-directional needling technique was used by selecting Jiache （颊车 ST 6）, Yangbai （阳白 GB 14） and Dicang （地仓 ST 4） in the treatment group, and the traditional acupuncture technique with conventional needle selection was used in the control group. The treatment was given once daily with 10 treatments constituting a therapeutic course, and 2 courses of treatment were given in both the groups. Results： After the treatment, of the 68 and 40 cases in treatment and control groups, 56 （82.3%） and 28 （70.0%） were cured, 11 （16.2%） and 8 （20.0%） improved in clinical symptoms and signs, 1 （1.5%） and 4 （10.0%） failed, with the total effective rate being 98.5% and 90.0% respectively, and the therapeutic effect of treatment group was significantly superior to that of control group （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The multi-directional needling is an effective therapy for treating peripheral facial paralysis.

液晶汽车仪表LED背光硬件电路分析与设计

为了使液晶汽车仪表的背光灯在受到外界电气干扰的情况下能够保持稳定的输出电流、亮度不发生变化,对已使用的三种汽车仪表LED背光电路进行了研究和分析,提出了一种稳定性较高的硬件电路设计——仪表LED恒流源电路。该电路可通过调节精密电阻值来调节LED背光灯的亮度,设计方案简单、调整电流便捷、成本较低,在液晶汽车仪表市场中具有较高的应用价值。

基于前背景特性的逆光交通场景图像增强

由于逆光交通场景下采集到的图像存在前景亮度过低、背景亮度失真等特点,导致采集图像清晰度低、信息丢失严重和可识别性差,针对逆光图像前背景的不同特性,研究提出了一种分区域增强方法。对逆光图像使用最大类间方差法(OTSU法)分割图像的前景和背景;对逆光图像全局使用LIME方法,提升前景亮度的同时保持色彩的失真度;单独将背景部分RGB三个通道上的全局直方图均衡化结果一一映射到对应的限定区间内,提高了背景的对比度;使用Canny算子检测出前背景拼接处的黑边,根据黑边生成3个自适应的滤波模板对黑边进行分步均值滤波处理,消除了黑色边缘,提升了图像的视觉质量。在实验室自建的CHD_B数据集上,所提方法在4种常用客观评价指标上综合占优。实验结果表明,所提出的图像增强算法能有效地消除图像中的逆光现象。

基于区域调光算法的车载液晶显示技术研究及应用

为了提升传统车载液晶显示器的能效和显示质量,提出一种应用于车载液晶显示器的区域调光算法。将输入的RGB色彩模式转换为YUV色彩模式以提取像素点亮度数据,并依照背光分区对应的图像子区域提取亮度数据。采用分区背光模糊-扩散模拟LED背光源在背光模组中传播时的扩散过程,得到各像素点的背光亮度数据,并据此通过液晶像素进行精确补偿得到最终调光图像。仿真结果显示,该方法在图像信息熵、图像细节增强和峰值信噪比3个评价方法上,优于其他区域调光算法的增强效果。同时在样机实验中,平均整体能耗降低了20.7%。表明该算法能够在提高显示质量的同时合理降低车载显示器的整机功耗,对各类车载显示器都具有良好的适用性。

改进残差网络下体操动作逆光图像超分辨增强

超分辨图像有利于信息获取与传递,但当下缺少对逆光低分辨率图像的研究。为解决逆光图像中阴影噪声的问题,提出一种基于改进Retinex逆光图像分解增光算法,通过结合DRAN双重残差注意力网络,构建出逆光图像超分辨率增强模型,即NRE-DRAN模型。模型首先将基于Retinex理论将逆光图像分解成光照量图与反射量图,并通过调节网络与恢复网络处理两分量图,然后将处理后的分量图融合,降低逆光噪声的影响;接着采用DRAN特征提取模块提取浅层纹理特征与深层语义特征,然后利用信息蒸馏模块增强特征信息,并串联拼接成融合特征图,最后基于残差图与上采样图重构出超分辨图像。多组基线算法叠加模型仿真对比结果表明,在GBI体操动作逆光图像数据集上,NRE-DRAN模型具有最优的SSIM指标(较其它叠加模型相比平均提升了3.93%)与较优的PSNR指标(指标排名第二)。综上所示,NRE-DRAN逆光图像超分辨率增强模型在解决逆光阴影噪声问题的同时有效的增强了图像的超分辨率,且该模型具有较高的时效性。

强激光加载下铝、锡微喷特性实验研究

基于皮秒激光驱动的高能X射线源具有微焦点、高亮度和高分辨的优良特性,已成为研究金属材料微层裂和微喷射现象的热门诊断方法之一。锡因其熔点较低而成为微喷研究熔化影响的首选材料,铝由于熔点相对较高,不易发生冲击或卸载熔化形成液滴喷射,因此,铝微喷实验研究结果相对较少。基于“星光-III”激光装置的纳秒加载源和皮秒束诊断源,发展了皮秒激光驱动高能X射线背光照相技术,研究了表面含V型几何缺陷的金属锡、铝微喷特性,通过延时控制,获取了两种典型金属微喷射过程的高分辨物理图像,得到了喷射物质的形态分布、平均速度和面密度分布等重要信息。采用SPH方法对实验结果进行了数值模拟分析,揭示了实验中喷射物的形成机理以及高速喷射物质的来源。

Magnetic-field-assisted triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting multi-directional wave energy

Ocean wave energy is a significant and promising source of renewable energy.However,the energy harvesting is challenging due to the multi-directional nature of waves.This paper proposes a magnetic-field-assisted triboelectric nanogenerator(MFATENG)for harvesting multi-directional wave energy.By incorporating a magnetic field,the planar motion of the pendulum is converted into spatial motion,increasing the triggering of multilayered TENG(M-TENG)and enhancing the output energy of the MFA-TENG.Experimental results demonstrate that the output energy of the MFA-TENG is increased by 73%by utilizing the magnetic field.Moreover,a spring model based on the origami-structured M-TENG is established to analyze the effect of different equivalent stiffnesses on the performance of the M-TENG,aiming to obtain optimal output performance.The results showcase the impressive output performance of the M-TENG,generating outputs of 250 V,18μA,and 255 nC.Furthermore,the proposed MFA-TENG effectively harvests multi-directional wave energy under water-wave driven conditions.This study significantly enhances the ability of the MFA-TENG to harvest multi-directional wave energy and presents a promising approach for self-powered marine monitoring in the future.