Structural Parameter Analyses on Rotor Airloads with New Type Blade-Tip Based on CFD/CSD Coupling Method

For accurate aeroelastic analysis,the unsteady rotor flowfield is solved by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)module based on RANS/Euler equations and moving-embedded grid system,while computational structural dynamics(CSD)module is introduced to handle blade flexibility.In CFD module,dual time-stepping algorithm is employed in temporal discretization,Jameson two-order central difference(JST)scheme is adopted in spatial discretization and B-L turbulent model is used to illustrate the viscous effect.The CSD module is developed based on Hamilton′s variational principles and moderate deflection beam theory.Grid deformation is implemented using algebraic method through coordinate transformations to achieve deflections with high quality and efficiency.A CFD/CSD loose coupling strategy is developed to transfer information between rotor flowfield and blade structure.The CFD and the CSD modules are verified seperately.Then the CFD/CSD loose coupling is adopted in airloads prediction of UH-60A rotor under high speed forward flight condition.The calculated results agree well with test data.Finally,effects of torsional stiffness properties on airloads of rotors with different tip swept angles(from 10° forward to 30° backward)are investigated.The results are evaluated through pressure distribution and airloads variation,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn the moderated shock wave strength and pressure gradient caused by varied tip swept angle and structural properties.

Study of Local Structural Changes on Air Cooling at the End of Rotor Windings for Variable Speed Pumped Storage Generator-Motor

The shrink fit retaining ring is currently the easiest to install and the most widely used end fixed for structure AC excitation variable speed generator-motor rotor end windings.However,the current research on the effect of high strength sealing on the ventilation and heat dissipation performance of the end is not enough.In this paper,based on the actual structural parameters and periodic symmetry simplification,the three-dimensional coupled calculation model of fluid field and temperature field is established.After solving the fluid and thermal equations,the influence of the length of rotor support block,the height of rotor support block,and the number of rotor support block on the fluid flow and temperature distribution in the rotor end region of generator-motor is studied using the finite volume method.The rheological characteristics of the air in the rotor domain,such as velocity and inter-winding flow,are analyzed.The law of temperature variation with local structure in the computational domain is studied.The variation law of cooling medium performance inside the large variable speed power generator motor is revealed.

Hex-Rotor无人飞行器及其飞行控制系统设计

提出了一种Hex-Rotor无人飞行器以克服现有多旋翼飞行器的欠驱动和强耦合特性对其飞行控制效果的影响,利用6个旋翼独特的结构配置来保证飞行器独立控制空间六自由度的能力。介绍了这种新型飞行器的结构特点并建立其动力学模型,引入滤波反步法与自抗扰算法设计了具有双环并行结构的飞行控制系统,在数字仿真中实现了飞行器的空间六自由度独立控制并克服了未知外部扰动以及模型不确定性带来的影响。结果显示,原型机试飞实验中,飞行器的水平位移跟踪误差不超过±4m,高度误差不超过±3m,姿态角误差不超过±0.05rad,均保持在传感器的测量误差范围内,飞行器较为准确地跟踪了期望指令。仿真和实验结果证明了该新型Hex-Rotor飞行器具有期望的六自由度独立控制能力,建立的数学模型准确,设计的飞行控制系统能够实现轨迹与姿态跟踪飞行。

Rotor Airload and Acoustics Prediction Based on CFD/CSD Coupling Method

An advanced airload and noise prediction method based on computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics(CFD/CSD)coupling for helicopter rotor has been developed in this paper.In the present method,Navier-Stokes equation is applied as the governing equation,and a moving overset grid system is generated in order to account for the blade motions in rotation,flapping and pitching.The blade structural analysis is based on 14-DOF Euler beam model,and the finite element discretization is conducted on Hamilton′s variational principle and moderate deflection theory.Aerodynamic noise is calculated by Farassat 1 Aformula derived from FW-H equation.Using the developed method,numerical example of UH-60 Ais performed for aeroelastic loads calculation in a low-speed forward flight,and the calculated results are compared with both those from isolated CFD method and available experimental data.Then,rotor noise is emphatically calculated by CFD/CSD coupling method and compared with the isolated CFD method.The results show that the aerodynamic loads calculated from CFD/CSD method are more satisfactory than those from isolated CFD method,and the exclusion of blade structural deformation in rotor noise calculation may cause inaccurate results in low-speed forward flight state.

Temperature Field Analysis of Mine Flameproof Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Different Cooling Schemes

Aiming at the problem of temperature rise of mine flameproof outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor,based on the fluid structure coupling method,the temperature distribution of motor under three cooling schemes of air cooling and water cooling are calculated respectively.For the structure I air cooling system,the influence of different number of heat sink on the maximum temperature rise and pressure drop of fluid channel is analyzed,and the parameters of heat sink are optimized.For the structure II air cooling system,the influence of setting fillet at the turn back of the fluid channel on the head loss in the fluid domain of the motor is analyzed,and the influence of different fillet radius on the head loss and the maximum temperature rise in the fluid domain is obtained.For the structure II water cooling system,the influence of different water flow speed on the maximum temperature rise of the motor is analyzed,and the influence of different assembly clearance of modular stator teeth and yoke on the maximum temperature rise of the motor is analyzed.The cooling effect and temperature rise distribution characteristics of the three cooling schemes are compared and analyzed.Finally,a water-cooled prototype is manufactured,and the temperature rise experiment is carried out,and the influence of the thermal deformation of fluid channel,stator yoke and stator teeth on the maximum temperature of the motor is analyzed.The results show that the calculated temperature field after considering the thermal deformation is closer to the experimental value,which verifies the accuracy of the calculation results,It also provides a reference for the selection and design of the cooling structure of the same type of PMSM electric roller.

COMPUTER AIDED PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR ROTORS

An interactive computer aided preliminary design system has been developed mainly for gas turbine engine rotors. The design system covers three parts: disks, shafts and rotor dynamics. A nu- merical optimization package called MPOP is used to minimize the weight of disks, shafts and optimize the arrangement or stiffness of bearings for rigid or flexible rotors subjected to certain constraints of sizes, shapes, stresses, deflections, stiffness and frequencies. Various forms of disks, shafts, rotors and structure-analysing result curves are displayed on the screen. Designer may select, inspect or modi- fy the results interactively. The integrated design of structure, optimization, strength and rotor dynamics has improved design quality and reduced turnaround time during preliminary design phase of gas turbine engine develop- ment. As an example, a real preliminary design of an aeroengine turbine rotor is described.

TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF ROTOR SPUN YARNS

This paper deals with the tensile behaviour of rotor spun yarns. Having regard to the spe-cial construction of rotor spun yarn, some modifications for Hearle’s theory have been made inorder to apply Hearle’ s theory to rotor spun yarn. The paper then goes into calculating thetensile curve and investigating the effect of main parameters and spinning conditions on thetensile behaviour of rotor spun yarn. It was found that the following facts are noteworthy forimproving the mechanical properties of rotor spun yarn: (1) Selecting suitable navel so as tocontrol the P. T. E. length within a reasonable range. (2) Improving the design of single fibresupply device to decrease the amount of spoiled fibre and hence increase the effective fibrelength. (3) Increasing spinning yarn tension without yarn break to enhance the fibre migrationratio. (4) For the rotor spun yarn of industrial use, it is the way to increase the yarn strengththat the rotor groove should be designed with the groove angle beneficial to decrease the yarnspecific volume.

MODEL MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ROTOR BEARING SYSTEM OF OE-SPINNING

This paper describes a CAD compatible software which can conduct model measurementand analysis on a dedicated computer system.This system which can provide modal testing andanalysis capability is also demonstrated briefly.It addresses four main tasks:(1)modal testingand data acquisition,(2)data analysis and correlation,(3)output of modal analysis results,(4)predictions of modal parameters using Structural Dynamic Modification (SDM)software.

The Behavior of the Rotor Spun Yarn(OE yarn)with Involving Twist

The rotor spun yarn(OE yarn),twist of which is calledlayering twist,was added a few involving twist,and itsstructure and properties were measured.The experimen-tal results have shown that the morphological structure ofthe rotor spun yarn with modified twist was changed andits tensile properties and abrasion resistance were im-proved.

Simulation and Optimization of a Double-Helical Rotor Wave Energy Converter

This paper presents a new type of double-helical rotor wave energy converter(WEC),which consists of two isolated sets of helical rotor structures(inner and outer).This device can generate electricity by using the rising and falling energy of a wave.The rotors are simulated and optimized by Fluent.Each rotor’s blades are simulated and analyzed,which are separately changed in terms of helix angle,shape,and thickness.The simulation result shows that,for both inner and outer helical rotors,the energy harvesting efficiency is the highest when the blade helix angle is 45°.Triangular blades have better hydrodynamic performance than square and circular blades.The energy harvesting efficiency of 15 mm thick blades is higher than that of 75 mm thick blades.

Rotor Optimization for Synchronous Reluctance Motors

Rotor of Synchronous reluctance motor(SynRM)usually has multiple flux barrier structure for the purpose of higher electromagnetic torque and lower torque ripple.Two different strategies are used in this paper for rotor structure optimization and a compromised strategy for fully squeeze the potential of each related parameters is developed.Performance of resulted rotor structure is evaluated to verify the optimization procedure.

大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器设计及性能研究

采用Halbach单侧聚磁特性,设计出了一种大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器(Long Air Gap External-cage Rotor Magnetic Coupler,LAEMC),并分析了其运行特性、调速特性及散热特性,推导出LAEMC电磁转矩解析表达式,据此分析了结构参数对电磁转矩的影响,得出了不同磁化比的Halbach结构对LAEMC电磁转矩的影响规律;根据LAEMC的运行特性,分析了其在离心式负载、恒功率负载及恒转矩负载的调速特性,表明其仅适合离心式负载调速并具有良好的节能效果;在离心式负载转差率为33%处的最大功率损耗点对LAEMC进行热仿真计算,得到永磁体工作温度约为60℃,而通过气隙与之相隔的笼条温度约为360℃,两者温度差达300℃以上,表明所提出的大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器———LAEMC在离心式负载上既具有良好的运行特性也具有良好的隔热效果。

双并列转子永磁同步电机转矩脉动产生机理及抑制

双并列转子永磁同步电机由于部分定子铁心和绕组的缺失,存在较大的转矩脉动,限制了其在并行对驱类机械装备中的应用。该文对双并列转子永磁电机转矩脉动产生机理进行分析,并提出了相应的抑制方法。对比了N-N型、N-S型两种转子结构,阐明了N-S型转子结构的优越性。在此基础上,开展了转矩脉动产生机理研究,按照影响因素不同,逐次分析了齿槽效应、端部效应、永磁齿轮效应以及绕组参数不对称对电机转矩脉动的作用机理,构建了各个转矩分量的解析表达式。通过有限元模型,验证了理论分析的正确性。针对产生转矩脉动的不同分量,提出了相应的抑制方法,其中抑制空载转矩可以通过优化电机的结构参数来实现,抑制纹波转矩可以通过优化绕组位置分布来实现。搭建样机实验平台,验证了分析模型的准确性。

带后掠桨尖旋翼/螺旋桨的悬停气弹特性分析

针对旋翼/螺旋桨的大负扭和后掠桨尖设计在桨叶内部所带来的严重应力应变集中问题,结合三维结构动力学模型、旋翼气动模型和旋翼配平方法,对复合材料旋翼/螺旋桨进行了综合建模与气弹载荷分析,并通过悬停实验验证了综合模型的准确性。对比分析了无负扭、大负扭和大负扭带后掠桨尖的桨叶气弹特性,发现大负扭导致桨叶应力集中区域扩大,后掠桨尖使桨尖过渡区域的应力集中区域扩大,集中程度加剧。

多节链式倾转旋翼飞行器重构控制与运动仿真

多节链式旋翼飞行器具有构形可变换的特点,是应对运动空间变化的一种有效构形设计方式。受限于构形变化下电机共轴带来的横向转动力矩的缺失,多节链式旋翼飞行器的动态重构飞行具有无法达成的临界构形区间。为此,设计了具备横向倾转的链式旋翼机体结构,以单机臂为模块化结构基本单元,通过旋转关节实现水平向的构形变化,机臂中段配置倾转矢量关节,用以提供滚转力矩支撑。在机体运动学、动力学模型推导的基础上,引入虚拟控制量对控制分配进行线性化处理,利用Moore-Penrose伪逆求解控制效率矩阵,面向全构形变换设计了基于全驱动控制的飞行控制律。对飞行器典型构形位姿控制的稳定性、构形变换控制的可行性进行实验论证,仿真结果表明:在飞行器各典型构形飞行状态下,姿态各轴向角度跟踪最大误差不超过0.05°,构形变换过程中,姿态各轴向角度跟踪误差不超出0.1°,2种情况下,位置偏差均能控制在1 mm以内,飞行器具备各构形下稳定飞行及构形变换的能力,为进一步开展动态重构及稳健飞行提供了必要条件。

顶置磁力搅拌器磁悬浮支承结构设计与仿真分析

针对顶置磁力搅拌器陶瓷轴承内部结构复杂,存在接触摩擦和润滑,且不利于在位清洗和在位灭菌的问题,对磁力搅拌器的载荷组成及搅拌轴支承布局进行分析,采用磁悬浮支承技术,增大主动磁轴承转子的轴向长度,确保转子在产生轴向位移时能被稳定支承;不考虑被动磁轴承与磁力联轴器因不对中产生的径向力,建立搅拌器转子的四自由度支承刚性转子模型,研究不同外部载荷对搅拌器转子的动态响应和线圈控制电流的影响,结果表明:外部载荷越大,外部载荷在长悬臂结构上的力矩作用效果越明显,主动磁轴承需提供的电磁力越大,对磁轴承功率放大器的要求越高。

永磁同步电机转子拓扑结构优化与电磁性能分析

为研究不同转子拓扑结构对永磁同步电机的电磁性能影响,采用多目标优化算法对双层永磁体永磁电机结构参数进行优化,深入分析了电机永磁体长度、永磁体宽度、磁桥宽度以及永磁体与轴心距离等结构参数对永磁同步电机电磁性能的影响,并通过Maxwell仿真分析优化前后电机的电磁性能。建立了传统单层V型永磁同步电机和优化后的双层永磁体内置V型永磁同步电机的二维模型,仿真结果表明:优化后的双层V型结构的永磁同步电机空转反电势幅值、输出转矩和输出功率均高于传统单层V型结构永磁电机,其转矩脉动下降了10.99%和谐波畸变率下降了0.17%。详细分析了永磁同步电机不同结构参数对电磁性能的影响,可为设计优化永磁同步电机提供指导意义。

桁架式四旋翼无人机异形机架优化设计

随着多旋翼无人机的广泛应用,其外形的个性化需求越来越受到关注。以杆单元建立了桁架式机架的初始模型,在模型上预设不同的孔或空腔结构,再以杆单元最大许用应力为约束,进行以轻量化为目标的拓扑优化,获得了不同外形的四旋翼无人机机架。结果表明:保持电机和载荷位置不变,机架整体结构都为“X”形;改变孔的形式和位置,能够获得具有不同外形、质量和柔度的机架;预设通孔、沉孔和空腔后的模型优化结果分别呈现平行悬臂、邻接强化悬臂和邻接弱化悬臂的结构。优化结果可为多旋翼无人机机架的异形设计、个性化设计提供参考。

基于流固耦合的压气机转子叶片非同步振动分析

压气机转子叶片非同步振动是近年来发现的一类新气动弹性问题,表现为叶片振动频率与转频不同步且具有锁频现象,严重影响航空发动机的可靠性和运行安全,目前对其产生机理并不完全清楚.为了深入研究压气机内不稳定流动与叶片非同步振动之间的耦合机制,基于时间推进的方法建立了多级压气机转子叶片全环的双向流固耦合模型,数值研究了刚性叶片与非同步振动柔性叶片的非定常流场、气流激励频率和结构响应特征,揭示了压气机转子叶片非同步振动的流固耦合机制.结果表明:近失速工况下,转子叶尖吸力面径向分离涡的周期性脱落及再附过程是导致叶尖压力剧烈波动的主要原因,其3倍谐波激励频率与转子一阶弯曲固有频率接近,提供了叶片非同步振动的初始气流激励源.叶片非同步振动发生时,位移响应表现为等幅值的极限环特征,振动以一阶弯曲模态主导,径向分离涡产生的非整数倍气流激励频率及其谐波频率最终锁定为叶片一阶弯曲固有频率,非同步振动的运动胁迫使得相邻通道叶尖流场周向趋于一致.研究成果及对叶片非同步振动流固耦合机制的认识可为压气机内部不稳定流动诱发的叶片振动失效分析提供有益参考.

双转子连续混炼设备的进展

双转子连续混炼机由于具有稳定、高效和节能的特点,在聚合物材料加工领域得到了广泛的应用。首先综述了双转子连续混炼机的国内外研发历程,梳理了双转子连续混炼机系统结构设计、转子结构优化和加工机理等的研究进展,并系统地分析了转子的楔入角、转子的螺棱数和转子的相位角等重要转子结构参数对聚合物材料结构与性能的影响。另外,总结了双转子连续混炼机在高填充母料、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)加工和回收橡胶等领域的应用进展。最后,概述了双转子连续混炼设备的发展趋势,需要深入研究其加工机理,并且,不断朝着大型化、专业化、绿色化和智能化方向发展。