Effect of microbial agent ARC-BBBE demonstration application on peanut production in the Huang-huai-hai area of China

The microbial agent ARC-BBBE demonstration trials were conducted in four provinces in the main peanutproducing areas of the Huang-huai-hai plain of China.The results revealed that the application of ARC-BBBE led to a 1.09–1.70 fold increase in the number of nodules in the treatment group at the demonstration site compared to the control group.Moreover,the nodule weight in the treatment group was 0.80–3.32 times higher than that of the control group,and nitrogenase activity per plant showed a significant enhancement by 1.00–2.83 fold compared to controls.Additionally,notable improvements were observed in terms of increased fresh weight of whole plants,well-filled pod numbers,and enhanced growth performance;ultimately resulting in a harvest yield increase ranging from 9.46%to 49.04%.The abundance of Aspergillus flavus in rhizosphere soil was determined by the dilution spread plate method,and the inhibition rate was up to 86.7%.The application of ARC-BBBE in the significant peanut-producing areas of Huang-huai-hai has effects of promoting growth,nodulation,and increasing production.At the same time,it has the effect of inhibiting and controlling soil Aspergillus flavus,which provides a new green and low-carbon way to promote the high-quality development of the peanut industry.

Effects of Combination of Straw Returning and a Microbial Agent on Microorganisms and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil and Yield of Late Rice

By using red soil and late rice Wufengyou T025 as the tested materials,the influences of straw returning with a microbial agent on the quantity of microorganisms and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil in fields were studied,and soil productivity was tested with yield and agricultural traits of late rice. The results showed that straw returning with the microbial agent could significantly improve the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomyces in soil,enhance the activity of sucrase,urease,catalase and cellulase,and improve the number of grains per spike,setting percentage,thousand seed weight and yield of late rice. The combination of rice straw returning and the microbial agent has a good prospect of application.

Control Effect of Different Microbial Agents on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

[ Objectives] The paper was to study effects of different microbial agents on occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt. [ Methods I Antagonistic strains against Ralstonia solanacearum were screened from in situ soil, and prepared into four different combinations. The number of soil microorganisms and incidence of bacterial wilt of four combinations were observed. [ Results] The incidence rate of bacterial wilt treated by microbial agent OR-1 was significantly lower than that in control, and the control efficacy against bacterial wilt reached 67%. [ Conclusions] Application of microbial agent OR-1 could effectively reduce the incidence rate and disease index of bacterial wilt, thus improving the quality of tobacco.

Review of Microbial Inoculation Agent Used in Composting

Microbial inoculation agent has been widely used in waste disposal and waste recycling. In this paper, the principle of fermentation in the composting of agricultural waste and the impact of microbial inoculation agent on composting were reviewed.The research and the application of microbial inoculation agent were also introduced. Based on the trend of the research, the promising prospect of microbial inoculation agent was discussed.

Screening of Composite Microbial Agents for Promoting the Decomposition of Aging Dunnage

To explore the influence of microbial agems on the decomposition of aging dunnage of the fermentation bed, this paper took the aging dunnage as the raw materials, obtained microbial strains of different types through isolation and purification, chose dominant groups to make compound microbial agents, and adopted composting decomposition experiment. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis of different ratios was added, Trichoderma koningii and Thermo actinomycetaceac could promote the decomposition of aging dunnage, especially composite microbial agents （Kc：Kn：Gf = 1：1：1 ） had the best effect of decomposition, the high tem- perature was kept for 13 days. In the end of composting, degradation rate of cellulose, degradation rate of lignin, GI, and C/N were 47.6%, 30. 2%, 98.5%, and 18.5%. Bacillus coli was not detected.

Application of Highly Efficient Microbial Agent in Pig Manure Compost

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to develop a cheap and localized microbial agent so as to solve high cost of microbial agent for pig manure composting in Jiaxing City. [ Method] Pig manure in the experimental group and control group was inoculated with the self-developed micro- bial agent and commercial microbial agent, respectively. The manure was decomposed for 38 d, during which the indicators of compost including physical properties, temperature, pH value, water content, organic matter, dissolved nitrogen, carbon nitrogen ratio and germination rate were studied. [ Result] The water content in the experimental group declined to 26.10% after 33 d of compost, meeting the standard upper limitation of 30% for maturity. By comparison, the water content in the control group was slightly higher than 30% even after 38 d. The germination rate of seeds fertilized with the experimental manure compost met the standard for maturity on Day 28, while that in the control group met the standard for maturity on Day 35. When the composting was finished, the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen in the pig manure was 14.64 and 16.43 respective- ly in the experimental and control group, and the organic matter content was about 45% for both. All these indexes could meet the standards for or- ganic fertilizer products. [ Conclusion] The self-developed microbial agent can moot the requirements for pig manure composting, and it can shorten the composting time by 5 -8 d compared with the commercial agent. In addition, the fertilizer product composted by the self-developed microbial a qent has lower water content and thereby is much more beneficial for preservation.

Effects of Different Microbial Agents on Aerobic Composting of Cow Manure

For the control of environment pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure, four microbial strains conducive to aerobic composting were selected and mixed into four compound microbial agents, and effects of different compound microbial agents on aerobic composting of cow manure were studied from aspects of changes in temperature, pH, water content and C/N during the composting process. The results show that microbial agent M2 has the best effect for aerobic composting of cow manure, so microbial agent M2 has broad popularization and application prospect in livestock and poultry farms in low-temperature areas of Northeast China.

Preliminary Study on Mixed Use of Agaricus bisporus Residue and Microbial Agent to Control Cucumber Root-knot Nematode

Single or mixed use ofAgaricus bisporus residue and microbial agent had better control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode disease in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of single use of A. b/sporus residue was 32.9% - 34.7%, and the yield increasing rate was 2.1% - 8.7% ; the control effect of mixed use ofA. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was 59. 1% - 63. 6%, and yield increasing rate was 2.6% - 3.5%. The experimental dose had no ad- verse effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The mixed use of A. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was one of the effective ways to control root-knot nematode disease.

Effects of Microbial Agents on Kitchen Waste and Rice Straw Composting

In order to clarify the influence of microbial agents on kitchen waste and rice straw composting, an aerobic composting experiment was conducted by setting three kinds of combined bacterial agents to study the temperature change in the composting, and pH value, nutrient contents, C/N and heavy metal content after composting through. The three kinds of combined bacterial agents were as follows:B1 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Trichoderma sp.;B2 with effective strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, yeast and lactic acid bacteria;B3 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria. Results showed that the addition of microbial agents had signifcant effects on temperature change,nitrogen and phosphorus content and C/N of the compost. T1, T2, and T3 treatments lasted for 8, 5 and 4 d in the thermophilic phase above 60℃, respectively. The total nitrogen content of each treatment was 14.90, 15.50 and 13.80 g/kg respectively after composting. The total phosphorus content of each treatment was 4.87, 4.17 and 3.70g/kg respectively at the end of composting. The C/N of each treatment was 20.94,22.63, and 22.65 respectively at the end of composting. The application effect of B1bacteria agent on the composting of kitchen waste and rice straw was better.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Quinolino-Benzoxaboroles as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Several quinolino-benzoxaborole derivatives have been prepared to start from aminobenzoxaboroles. These derivatives have been evaluated for their anti-cancer activity on human and murine cancer cell lines and based on their relative non-toxicity, these compounds were further evaluated for their antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, and M. smegmatis. The synthesized compounds were also evaluated for antifungal activity in C. albicans and C. neoformans.

Evaluation of rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit

The present study sought to assess the rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with antimicrobial resistance in elderly patients admitted to the unit. Results: Choice of empiric and sensitivity-guided therapy was inadequate in > 80% and 59% of cases respectively. Inadequate antimicrobial therapy, whether empiric or sensitivity-guided, was positively correlated with bacterial resistance (r = 0.316;p = 0.001). Sensitivity testing revealed a 46.5% resistance rate to eight out of the ten most commonly used antibiotics. Multiple drug-resistant organisms were found in 40.8% of patients. A significant increase was observed in the number of multidrug-resistant samples between 2006/2007 and 2008 (r = 0.41, p = 0.006), (r = 0.598, p = 0.001), (r = 0.688, p = 0.00). Conclusion: We found a high rate of antibiotic misuse in the study sample. Inadequate therapy was correlated with resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Inhibition of Microbial Growth by Anilines： A QSAR Study

The relative toxicity of 48 anilines using the Tetrahymena pyriformis population growth characteristics IGC50 （concentration causing 50% growth inhibition）, available in the literature, was studied. At first, the entire data set was randomly split into a training set （31 chemicals） used to establish the QSAR model, and a test set （17 chemicals） for statistical external validation. A biparametric model was developed using, as independent variables, 3D theoretical descriptors derived from DRAGON software. The GA-MLR （genetic algorithm variable subset selection） procedure was performed on the trainingset by the software mobydigs using the OLS （ordinary least squares） regression method, and GA（genetic algorithm）-VSS（variable subset selection） by maximising the cross-validated explained variance （Q^2Loo）＇ The obtained model was examined for robustness （Q^2LOOcross-validation, Y-scrambling） and predictive ability through both internal （Q^2LM0, bootstrap） and external validation （Q^2ext） methods. Descriptors included in the QSAR model indicated that log/GC^-150 value was related to molecular size and shape, and interaction of molecule with its surrounding medium or its target. Moreover, the applicability domain of the model was discussed.

Optimization of Blanching Time, Sodium Metabisulphite （Na2S205） Concentration and Processing Time on Vitamin C Content, Microbial Quality and Sensory Characteristics during Canning of Green Pepper （Capsicum sinensis） Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design （CCRD） for K = 3 were used to investigate the combined effect of blanching time （0-1 min）, processing time （10-30 min） and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration （0%-2%） on vitamin C content, hardness （texture）, microbial count and color intensity of green pepper （Capsicum sinensis） during canning. Blanching, processing time and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration all had variable effects on the vitamin C, microbial quality and sensory characteristics of the canned green peppers. Significant （P 〈 0.05） interactions were noted between all the factors with high regression coefficients （78.7%-97.0%）. Increasing processing time caused significant decreases in vitamin C and microbial load of the product. However, salt concentration had only marginal and insignificant effect on the vitamin C content of the canned product. Sensory evaluation on the product showed that both the pre-processing conditions and of blanching and salt concentrations, and the processing time had varied effects on the color and hardness of the products. Hardness of the canned products generally decreased with increasing processing time and blanching time, while only minimal and insignificant effects were noted with blanching time. Increasing blanching time caused significant increasing retention of the dark green color of the peppers with only slight but insignificant increases noted with processing time, while increases in salt concentration consistently reduced the dark green color of the products. The optimum pre-processing and processing conditions that yielded products with high preference and consumer-acceptability were： blanching time of 0 min, processing time of 10 min and sodium metabisulphite concentration of 0.2%.

棉隆熏蒸后添加微生物菌剂对草莓连作土壤中真菌多样性的影响

为研究土壤消毒后添加不同微生物菌剂对草莓连作土壤中真菌多样性的影响,设置棉隆熏蒸后分别施用T1(哈茨木霉+枯草芽孢杆菌+放线菌)、T2(哈茨木霉+枯草芽孢杆菌)、T3(哈茨木霉+放线菌)、T4(CK)、T5(枯草芽孢杆菌)、T6(放线菌)、T7(哈茨木霉)7个处理,采用高通量测序平台(Illumina HiSeq 2500),对土壤真菌群落及组成进行分析。结果表明:施用微生物菌剂可以增加真菌丰度、多样性和种群数量。与CK相比,单独施加菌剂T5、T6、T7均能提高真菌群落物种丰度;而施用混合菌剂T1、T3增加了物种丰度,T2会降低物种丰度。棉隆熏蒸后施用不同微生物菌剂均可增加土壤真菌多样性;与CK相比,除T2处理中真菌种群数量减少,其他微生物菌剂土壤真菌种群数量增加了5.62%~57.54%,各处理从高到低依次为T6、T7、T3、T1、T5、T2;棉隆熏蒸后施用含有枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌、哈茨木霉微生物菌剂处理,土壤真菌种群数量和恢复速度显著增加,尤其是蜡蚧菌属、枝鼻菌属、酵母属、曲霉属有益菌属种群恢复速度加快。综上,草莓连作土壤经棉隆熏蒸消毒后添加微生物菌剂,对于重建耕作土壤微生物区系平衡和缓解连作障碍是一种科学有效的方法。

有机肥+生物炭+微生物菌剂配施对烤烟多酚和化学成分的影响

以云烟87为研究对象,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,设置3个生物炭(900、1800、2700 kg/hm^(2))、3个微生物菌剂(30、60、90 kg/hm^(2))和3种有机肥(羊粪肥、芝麻饼肥、菜籽饼肥)组合成9个处理,并以无机肥为对照处理,研究了上述因素对烤后烟叶多酚类和常规化学成分的影响。结果表明:生物炭施用量是影响烤烟的多酚和化学成分含量的主效因素,随着生物炭施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖及各种多酚类物质含量均有所增加,施用2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭的整体表现较优。微生物菌剂也是重要的影响因素,随着微生物菌剂施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖、多酚类、绿原酸含量均有所增加,施用60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂的整体表现较优。施用有机肥的影响则较小,其中,羊粪肥的表现相对较好。综上,最佳组合方式为2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭+60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂+羊粪肥,并且将其可应用于凉山产区烤烟的施肥管理中。

复合微生物菌剂对葡萄生长、品质及根际土壤环境的影响

【目的】葡萄是我国栽培广泛的五大果树品种之一,长期过量施用化肥,破坏微生物生态,从而影响葡萄产量和品质。探究不同来源菌株的复合微生物菌剂对改善葡萄果实品质的作用。【方法】采用复合微生物菌剂[短短芽胞杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)FJAT-0809-GLX、贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)FJAT-55034及短短芽胞杆菌(B.brevis)FJAT-10623]灌根,分析复合微生物菌剂对葡萄生长和果实品质及根际土壤酶活性、可培养芽胞杆菌多样性等的影响。【结果】复合微生物菌剂能够促进葡萄叶片生长,提高叶片的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量及POD和PPO活性。处理组葡萄幼果的叶绿素b含量、SOD和PPO活性分别比对照组提高了100%、11.77%和66.67%。施用复合微生物菌剂能够促进葡萄提早成熟及果实转色,提升果实品质,其中,单果重比对照高出29.06%,可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白分别比对照组提高了7.31%和94.74%,且处理组成熟果实的PPO酶活性显著高于对照组。此外,复合微生物菌剂能够显著提高土壤淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性及芽胞杆菌的种类和数量。相关性分析表明,辣椒芽胞杆菌(Bacillus zanthoxyli)和假蕈状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pseudomycoides)可促进葡萄叶片生长及果实品质提升。【结论】复合微生物菌剂具有改良土壤、促进葡萄生长和提升果实品质的作用。

牛粪好氧堆肥发酵微生物菌剂组合筛选研究

为了筛选出牛粪好氧堆肥发酵效果好的微生物菌剂组合,试验将胶质芽孢杆菌、细黄链霉菌、固氮菌和黑曲霉菌按不同组合配伍开展牛粪好氧堆肥试验。结果表明,添加0.2%的胶质芽孢杆菌+细黄链霉菌+固氮菌+黑曲霉菌1∶1∶1∶1组合对牛粪好氧堆肥发酵效果最好,堆体升温快,温度高,高温持续期长,堆肥后含水量低,有机质和C/N降低幅度大,全氮、全钾和全磷含量增加,pH和种子发芽指数高,可以在牛粪好氧堆肥发酵中推广应用。

木霉微生物菌肥的制备及对玉米茎腐病的应用评价

以前期分离鉴定的生防菌株非洲哈茨木霉Tr35为研究对象,通过载体的筛选,制备木霉菌剂和木霉微生物菌肥。通过测定不同含量的木霉菌剂和木霉有机肥的株高、根长和鲜重,筛选促生效果明显的处理,并通过室内盆栽试验,评价其对玉米苗期茎腐病的防效。结果显示,玉米秸秆粉具有吸水性强、对Tr35无毒和高释放率的优点,与Tr35共同发酵制备木霉菌剂,当土与菌剂为5∶1时,促生效果明显,并对玉米苗期茎腐病防效达51.77%。菌剂土与腐熟羊粪为7∶1时的木霉有机肥促生效果最好,以该比例制备木霉微生物菌肥,对玉米苗期茎腐病防效达61.31%,该研究结果为Tr35菌剂和菌肥的应用开发提供了一定的前期基础。

露地辣椒生产固碳增活全程施肥方案

河北露地辣椒种植历史悠久,但生产中粗放的养分管理,导致土壤有机质消耗,植株抗逆性差,连作障碍频发。本文基于露地辣椒生产固碳增活施肥技术,围绕肥料养分均衡减量、有机替代固碳增效、菌剂滴灌沃土增活3项核心内容,从肥料养分总量推荐、有机物料多源配施、滴灌肥水协同运筹等方面制定了河北露地辣椒生产固碳增活全程施肥解决方案,并对比四种固碳技术模式应用效果,发现基施多样化来源的有机物料朝天椒增产效果优于单一有机物料,优选牛粪堆肥+秸秆类生物炭模式或牛粪堆肥+玉米秸秆+秸秆类生物炭技术模式(秸秆还田条件),以助力传统辣椒产区耕地保护与土壤质量提升,促进种植户养分管理由盲目粗放向合理精准转变。

复合生防菌对香蕉枯萎病的防效及其促生作用

香蕉枯萎病是香蕉生产上重要土传病害,生物防治是目前预防该病害发生的有效途径之一。通过不同生防菌平板生长共培养法和发酵液抑菌活性测定法,获得1组复合生防菌(解淀粉芽孢杆菌NJ-1+木霉菌T05-49)。采用发酵液灌根法测定了复合生防菌(NJ-1+T05-49)对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果、促生作用以及对根际土壤微生物种群数量的影响。结果表明:复合生防菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌NJ-1和木霉菌T05-49发酵液对香蕉枯萎病的防效分别为78.92%、66.46%和52.46%。与解淀粉芽孢杆菌NJ-1和木霉菌T05-49发酵液相比,复合生防菌处理对病害的防效分别提高了18.75%和50.43%,株高和主根长度的增幅分别达9.22%、26.87%和8.58%、21.95%。复合生防菌处理21 d后,根际土壤中细菌和放线菌数量分别为9.10×10^(6)cfu·g^(−1)和20.83×10^(5)cfu·g^(−1),真菌数量仅为0.70×10^(3)cfu·g^(−1),细菌和放线菌的数量得到显著的增加。研究结果为复合生防菌(NJ-1+T05-49)在香蕉枯萎病生物防治上的开发应用提供依据。