DOA Estimation Based on Sparse Representation of the Fractional Lower Order Statistics in Impulsive Noise

This paper is mainly to deal with the problem of direction of arrival(DOA) estimations of multiple narrow-band sources impinging on a uniform linear array under impulsive noise environments. By modeling the impulsive noise as α-stable distribution, new methods which combine the sparse signal representation technique and fractional lower order statistics theory are proposed. In the new algorithms, the fractional lower order statistics vectors of the array output signal are sparsely represented on an overcomplete basis and the DOAs can be effectively estimated by searching the sparsest coefficients. To enhance the robustness performance of the proposed algorithms,the improved algorithms are advanced by eliminating the fractional lower order statistics of the noise from the fractional lower order statistics vector of the array output through a linear transformation. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed methods for a wide range of highly impulsive environments.

DOA estimation based on multi-frequency joint sparse Bayesian learning for passive radar

This paper considers multi-frequency passive radar and develops a multi-frequency joint direction of arrival(DOA)estimation algorithm to improve estimation accuracy and resolution.The developed algorithm exploits the sparsity of targets in the spatial domain.Specifically,we first extract the required frequency channel data and acquire the snapshot data through a series of preprocessing such as clutter suppression,coherent integration,beamforming,and constant false alarm rate(CFAR)detection.Then,based on the framework of sparse Bayesian learning,the target’s DOA is estimated by jointly extracting the multi-frequency data via evidence maximization.Simulation results show that the developed algorithm has better estimation accuracy and resolution than other existing multi-frequency DOA estimation algorithms,especially under the scenarios of low signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and small snapshots.Furthermore,the effectiveness is verified by the field experimental data of a multi-frequency FM-based passive radar.

Proximity point algorithm for low-rank matrix recovery from sparse noise corrupted data

The method of recovering a low-rank matrix with an unknown fraction whose entries are arbitrarily corrupted is known as the robust principal component analysis （RPCA）. This RPCA problem, under some conditions, can be exactly solved via convex optimization by minimizing a combination of the nuclear norm and the 11 norm. In this paper, an algorithm based on the Douglas-Rachford splitting method is proposed for solving the RPCA problem. First, the convex optimization problem is solved by canceling the constraint of the variables, and ~hen the proximity operators of the objective function are computed alternately. The new algorithm can exactly recover the low-rank and sparse components simultaneously, and it is proved to be convergent. Numerical simulations demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed algorithm.

Machine learning of partial differential equations from noise data

Machine learning of partial differential equations(PDEs)from data is a potential breakthrough for addressing the lack of physical equations in complex dynamic systems.Recently,sparse regression has emerged as an attractive approach.However,noise presents the biggest challenge in sparse regression for identifying equations,as it relies on local derivative evaluations of noisy data.This study proposes a simple and general approach that significantly improves noise robustness by projecting the evaluated time derivative and partial differential term into a subspace with less noise.This method enables accurate reconstruction of PDEs involving high-order derivatives,even from data with considerable noise.Additionally,we discuss and compare the effects of the proposed method based on Fourier subspace and POD(proper orthogonal decomposition)subspace.Generally,the latter yields better results since it preserves the maximum amount of information.

A weighted block cooperative sparse representation algorithm based on visual saliency dictionary

Unconstrained face images are interfered by many factors such as illumination,posture,expression,occlusion,age,accessories and so on,resulting in the randomness of the noise pollution implied in the original samples.In order to improve the sample quality,a weighted block cooperative sparse representation algorithm is proposed based on visual saliency dictionary.First,the algorithm uses the biological visual attention mechanism to quickly and accurately obtain the face salient target and constructs the visual salient dictionary.Then,a block cooperation framework is presented to perform sparse coding for different local structures of human face,and the weighted regular term is introduced in the sparse representation process to enhance the identification of information hidden in the coding coefficients.Finally,by synthesising the sparse representation results of all visual salient block dictionaries,the global coding residual is obtained and the class label is given.The experimental results on four databases,that is,AR,extended Yale B,LFW and PubFig,indicate that the combination of visual saliency dictionary,block cooperative sparse representation and weighted constraint coding can effectively enhance the accuracy of sparse representation of the samples to be tested and improve the performance of unconstrained face recognition.

A fast decoupled ISAR high-resolution imaging method using structural sparse information under low SNR

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image can be represented and reconstructed by sparse recovery (SR) approaches. However, the existing SR algorithms, which are used for ISAR imaging, have suffered from high computational cost and poor imaging quality under a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) condition. This paper proposes a fast decoupled ISAR imaging method by exploiting the inherent structural sparse information of the targets. Firstly, the ISAR imaging problem is decoupled into two sub-problems. One is range direction imaging and the other is azimuth direction focusing. Secondly, an efficient two-stage SR method is proposed to obtain higher resolution range profiles by using jointly sparse information. Finally, the residual linear Bregman iteration via fast Fourier transforms (RLBI-FFT) is proposed to perform the azimuth focusing on low SNR efficiently. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has better performence to efficiently implement higher-resolution ISAR imaging under the low SNR condition.

Random seismic noise attenuation by learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on K-singular value decomposition algorithm

The transformation of basic functions is one of the most commonly used techniques for seismic denoising,which employs sparse representation of seismic data in the transform domain. The choice of transform base functions has an influence on denoising results. We propose a learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on the K-singular value decomposition( K-SVD) algorithm. To construct the dictionary and use it for random seismic noise attenuation,we replace fixed transform base functions with an overcomplete redundancy function library. Owing to the adaptability to data characteristics,the learning-type dictionary describes essential data characteristics much better than conventional denoising methods. The sparsest representation of signals is obtained by the learning and training of seismic data. By comparing the same seismic data obtained using the learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on K-SVD and the data obtained using other denoising methods,we find that the learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on the K-SVD algorithm represents the seismic data more sparsely,effectively suppressing the random noise and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

空域色噪声下的多输入多输出雷达角度估计

由于多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)雷达的空域色噪声协方差矩阵通常为非对角矩阵,因此在色噪声下信号子空间与噪声子空间无法有效分离,从而致使传统算法无法有效估计目标角度。为此,首先利用信号协方差矩阵的低秩性和色噪声协方差矩阵的稀疏性来抑制空域色噪声。然后,根据MIMO雷达数据的内在多维结构特性,建立四阶张量CP(canonical or parallel factor analysis,CANDECOMP/PARAFAC)分解模型。针对传统交替最小二乘算法对数值病态性较为敏感而导致CP分解精度低的问题,利用张量因子矩阵之间的共轭关系来降低求解的病态敏感度,提高张量分解的稳健性。最后,利用最小二乘拟合法从因子矩阵的估计值中得到目标角度。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够对色噪声有效抑制并提高了角度估计的精度。

面向电力设备红外图像的混合噪声去除方法研究

电力设备的红外图像在采集传输过程中,易受高斯噪声与脉冲噪声的影响从而破坏图像的真实信息,为满足图像处理过程对图像质量的要求,文中提出了一种针对红外图像混合噪声的滤除方法。首先利用三方加权稀疏编码(TWSC)模型有效滤除红外图像中的高斯噪声,然后利用图像结构纹理分解结合中值滤波算法实现剩余脉冲噪声的分离与去除,实现在滤除红外图像混合噪声的同时较好地保持图像的边缘结构信息,结合实例分析表明文中方法能够有效滤除噪声并获得较高的峰值信噪比(PSNR)与结构相似度(SSIM)。

基于VMD与共振稀疏分解的舰船辐射噪声窄带特征提取

为了获取实测舰船辐射噪声信号中有效的目标信息、提高低信噪比条件下目标信号的可分性,文章提出了结合变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和共振稀疏分解(Resonance-based Sparsity Signal Decomposition,RSSD)的舰船辐射噪声信号特征提取方法。基于舰船辐射噪声信号具有一定的周期性而外界干扰具有随机性的特点,首先利用VMD自相关分析的方法重构信号,主要剔除带外噪声分量;然后采用RSSD算法基于信号共振属性的不同,进一步滤除带内噪声和瞬态干扰,实现对信号中周期性振荡成分的提取;最后提取信号的波形结构特征用于目标的分类识别。仿真信号与实测信号分析表明,该方法可以较好地滤除带内外噪声,增强舰船辐射噪声信号固有的窄带特征。多类舰船目标的分类实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高低信噪比信号的可分性,有利于提高目标识别的性能。

面向大坝变形的重构预测的稀疏表示算法研究

传感器中采集的大坝原始监测序列不可避免地存在外界及人为造成的噪声,给准确预测大坝变形带来挑战,为解决该问题,提出降噪重构训练集方法来预测大坝变形。针对传统降噪方法受冗余基函数影响,引入K-SVD方法来稀疏表示大坝原始监测序列,自适应地更新原子提高重构的大坝监测序列的有效信息。以真实大坝为例,验证本研究方法的有效性,以预测能力不同的机器学习模型进行试验,试验表明本研究训练集降噪重构算法可以提高大坝变形预测精度,有效展现了大坝变形序列的特征,面对传统降噪算法有着较好的表现,具有一定鲁棒性和可靠性。

基于双平滑函数秩近似和群稀疏的高光谱图像恢复模型

高光谱图像(HSI)具有良好的光谱识别能力,被广泛地应用于各种领域。然而,HSI在成像过程中易受到混合噪声的污染,会严重削弱后续任务的准确性,如何高质量地恢复HSI是需要解决的首要问题。目前,基于低秩先验和全变分正则化结合的HSI去噪方法取得了较好的性能,但这些方法一方面忽略了高强度条纹噪声在空间结构和光谱分布上的特征,使得噪声无法完全去除,另一方面没有考虑HSI差分图像低秩子空间的信息,不能挖掘潜在的局部空间光滑结构。为此,提出了一种基于双平滑函数秩近似和群稀疏的HSI恢复模型。首先,利用双平滑函数秩近似模型探索干净HSI和条纹噪声的低秩结构,去除结构化条纹噪声等高强度混合噪声。其次,将基于E3DTV的群稀疏正则化融入双平滑函数秩近似模型中,充分挖掘HSI差分图像的稀疏先验信息,进一步提升图像在空间恢复和光谱特征保留方面的性能。最后,设计了交替方向乘子法(ADMM)求解所提出的BSRAGS模型。仿真和真实数据实验均表明,所提模型能够有效提高图像恢复质量。

基于参数自适应的RSSD-CYCBD及在轴承外圈故障特征提取中的应用

针对滚动轴承工作环境复杂、故障特征信号易被高强度噪声掩盖的问题,提出了基于参数自适应的共振稀疏分解(RSSD)和最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(CYCBD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用人工大猩猩部队优化算法(GTO),结合相关系数与相关峭度的融合指标,自适应选择RSSD分解参数,得到了仿真信号的最优低共振分量;然后,利用GTO结合包络熵,自适应选择CYCBD的循环频率和滤波器长度,对最优低共振分量进行了解卷积运算,从包络谱中获得了信号的故障特征频率;最后,利用美国凯斯西储大学试验台和MFS-MG机械故障综合模拟试验台数据,综合验证了该方法的有效性,并将试验结果与RSSD-MCKD方法的结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,该方法能够准确地得到仿真信号的故障频率为20 Hz、美国凯斯西储大学试验台近似故障频率为107.5 Hz、MFS-MG试验台近似故障频率为87.6 Hz。自适应RSSD-CYCBD方法能够有效地识别出故障特征频率及其倍频,实现滚动轴承故障诊断的目的。

基于改进SRC的局部遮挡人脸识别方法

针对现实场景中人脸存在较为随机的局部遮挡的情形,创建了多种遮挡类型并存的过完备字典,并提出改进的稀疏表示分类方法。此算法在稀疏表示分类(Sparse Representation Based Classification,SRC)的基础上引入噪声补偿,通过对测试图像与去噪图像间噪声差的调节来控制重构图像的生成,进而实现对重构图像与测试图像间残差的控制,以达到准确分类识别的效果。实验结果表明,改进后的算法稳定性好、识别率高,对于局部遮挡图像的识别有较好的鲁棒性。

噪声干扰下基于PCA-SF的轴承故障诊断方法

机械故障诊断对降低维修成本和预防事故至关重要。振动信号监测是机械故障诊断中一种有效可行的方法。然而,所采集故障信号往往容易受到其他设备噪声的干扰。因此,从受噪声干扰的监测信号中提取与故障相关的周期脉冲是故障诊断的基础,也是难点。为解决此问题,提出一种基于主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和稀疏滤波(Sparse Filtering,SF)的机械故障特征提取方法。具体来说,首先利用PCA提取噪声干扰信号段的主成分,然后利用SF从主成分中提取有效特征。为减小SF模型的过拟合问题,采用L1/2范数对其目标函数进行正则化约束。最后,将提取的特征输入到Softmax分类器中进行故障识别。分别通过一组仿真和实验案例对所提PCA-SF方法的有效性进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能准确实现故障分类,而且优于其他传统方法。

噪声情形下块稀疏信号恢复的充分条件

压缩感知是一种有效的信号采集技术,利用信号的可压缩性,通过采样与非线性算法完美地恢复信号.基于压缩感知理论,本文通过块正交匹配追踪算法,研究在l_(∞)有界噪声影响下恢复块稀疏信号和强衰减块稀疏信号的约束等距性质,给出保证该算法准确恢复原信号的充分条件,并通过数值实验对影响稀疏信号性能的因素进行分析比较.

三尺度分解和稀疏表示的红外和可见光图像融合

为提高对含噪声源图像的处理效果,以及提高融合图像的对比度、结构信息等,提出一种基于三尺度分解和稀疏表示的红外和可见光图像融合算法。首先,为增强对噪声的去除效果,并且维持源图像的结构和边缘特性,利用滚动引导滤波器对源图像进行分解,将源图像分解为基础层和细节层;其次,为充分利用基础分量中的细节和能量,同时降低模型的复杂性,构造结构-纹理分解模型,将基础层再次分解为基础结构层和基础纹理层。然后分析三个分量的不同特点,使用不同的融合规则对三个分量分别进行融合,针对细节分量,其含有主要的噪声成分,但含噪声程度又不一样,因此根据图像含噪声的程度自适应确定稀疏融合去噪参数,从而同时实现对细节分量的融合和去噪,并且能够有效地提高计算效率;针对基础结构分量,其包含的细节特征较少,直接采用基于视觉显著图的加权平均技术进行预融合;针对基础纹理分量,由于其包含了视觉上重要的信息或图像特征,如边缘、直线和轮廓等活动信息,能够反映出原始基础图像的主要细节,因此采用主成分分析方法进行预融合,最终通过重构细节、基础结构和基础纹理层来得到融合图像。为验证所提方法的有效性,选取了多组红外和可见光图像进行试验,并与近期的五种方法CNN、FPDE、ResNet、IFEVIP、TIF进行了对比,采用主观和客观的形式对结果进行分析。实验结果表明,同其他图像融合算法进行对比分析,该方法能够兼顾含噪声和无噪声图像的融合,在有无噪声的情况下均能够将源图像的细节、亮度和结构保留到融合图像中,而且能有效地消除噪声。

基于IR-ADMM组合技术对地震随机噪声的压制

稀疏表示是一种现行有效的随机噪声压制方法,常采用交替方向乘子法逐道分解地震信号,但实际应用中交替方向乘子法计算效率高但精度不足,难以满足高保真地震数据处理的要求。通过结合迭代重加权和交替方向乘子法2种算法,提出了一种新的基于迭代重加权交替方向乘子法的联合稀疏表示方法,兼具收敛速度快和重建精度高的优点。共偏移距道集地震数据具有水平同相轴结构,满足共稀疏性条件,将联合稀疏表示算法应用于共偏移距道集就能够利用信号的空间相干性,提高去噪算法性能。理论和实际资料试算结果表明,所提算法具有较好的应用效果。

An adaptive image sparse reconstruction method combined with nonlocal similarity and cosparsity for mixed Gaussian-Poisson noise removal

Compressed sensing(CS) has achieved great success in single noise removal. However, it cannot restore the images contaminated with mixed noise efficiently. This paper introduces nonlocal similarity and cosparsity inspired by compressed sensing to overcome the difficulties in mixed noise removal, in which nonlocal similarity explores the signal sparsity from similar patches, and cosparsity assumes that the signal is sparse after a possibly redundant transform. Meanwhile, an adaptive scheme is designed to keep the balance between mixed noise removal and detail preservation based on local variance. Finally, IRLSM and RACoSaMP are adopted to solve the objective function. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to conventional CS methods, like K-SVD and state-of-art method nonlocally centralized sparse representation(NCSR), in terms of both visual results and quantitative measures.

基于VEITD和OSMHD的风电机组轴承损伤识别

针对风力发电机轴承损伤信号易被强噪声干扰导致损伤特征提取困难的问题,提出了一种基于可变熵加权融合的固有时间尺度分解和优化稀疏最大谐波噪声比解卷积法相结合的风力发电机轴承损伤识别方法。采用固有时间尺度分解方法对原始信号进行分解,得到若干个固有旋转分量。利用可变熵对固有旋转分量进行加权融合。使用优化稀疏最大谐波噪声比解卷积法对加权融合信号进行处理,提取轴承损伤特征频率。试验台数据和风力发电机现场数据分析结果表明,所提方法对轴承损伤信号中的噪声抑制效果明显,能够准确提取风力发电机轴承损伤特征频率,实现风力发电机轴承的损伤识别。