Objective:To evaluate the long-term stone-free rate(SFR)of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS)in the treatment of lower pole renal calculi using only basket relocation and identify independent predictors of stone-free...Objective:To evaluate the long-term stone-free rate(SFR)of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS)in the treatment of lower pole renal calculi using only basket relocation and identify independent predictors of stone-free status.Methods:All consecutive patients undergoing RIRS lower pole renal calculi at a single highvolume tertiary center were analyzed retrospectively.Lower pole stones were relocated to the upper pole,where laser lithotripsy was performed.All patients were followed up in the clinic following the surgery and yearly thereafter.The stone-free status was assessed with a combination of an abdominal ultrasound and abdominal X-ray,or an abdominal non-contrast computed tomography if the stones were known to be radiolucent.Results:A total of 480 consecutive patients who underwent RIRS for treatment of lower pole renal calculi,between January 2012 and December 2018,were analyzed from a prospectively maintained database of 3000 ureteroscopies.With a median follow-up time of 18.6 months,the mean SFR was 94.8%.The procedures were unsuccessful in 26(5.4%)patients due to unreachable stones.The median stone size of the unreachable stones was 12 mm(range 10e30 mm).Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed two predictors of SFR for lower pole stones:a small cumulative stone burden(odds ratio[OR]:0.903,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.867e0.941,p<0.0001)and preoperative ureteral stent insertion(OR:0.515,95%CI:0.318e0.835,pZ0.007).Conclusion:The long-term SFR of RIRS for the treatment of lower pole stones with basket displacement with appropriate patient selection is high.展开更多
Soft magnetic composite(SMC)material is an ideal soft magnetic material employed for developing 3D magnetic flux electromagnetic equipment,due to its advantages of 3D magnetic isotropy characteristic,low eddy current ...Soft magnetic composite(SMC)material is an ideal soft magnetic material employed for developing 3D magnetic flux electromagnetic equipment,due to its advantages of 3D magnetic isotropy characteristic,low eddy current loss,and simple manufacturing process.The permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM)with SMC cores is a good case that the SMC to be adopted for developing 3D flux electrical machines.In this paper,a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet claw pole machine(ARPMCPM)with SMC cores and ferrite magnets is proposed.Compared with the traditional PMCPM,the proposed ARPMCPM is designed with only one spoke PM rotor and its whole structure is quite compact.For the performance prediction,the 3D finite element method(FEM)is used.Meanwhile,for the performance evaluation,a previously developed axial flux claw pole permanent magnet machine(AFCPM)is employed as the benchmark machine and all these machines are optimized by using the combined multilevel robust Taguchi method.It can be seen that the proposed ARPMCPM is with higher torque/weight density and operation efficiency.展开更多
Permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for hi...Permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for high speed operation. However, because of its complex irregular structure, the manufacturing process using silicon sheets is complicated. Soft magnetic composite material(SMC) is manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which can produce various shapes of stator core structures, so it is easier to produce various irregular shapes of the stator core. However, the raw SMC material is relatively expensive, and the mechanical strength of SMC is weak. In this paper, a PMCPM with hybrid cores is proposed. With the adoption of hybrid silicon sheet-SMC cores and amorphous alloy-SMC cores, the torque ability of PMCPM can be improved greatly and it can have higher efficiency for more wide operation frequency. Meanwhile, its mechanical strength has been improved and it can be designed for high torque direct drive applications as it is a modular machine. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to reduce the additional eddy current loss which resulted from the employment of hybrid cores in PMCPM.展开更多
The idea of research started with a crazy imaginary theory in the field of astrogeography, saying: We often taught ourselves and then convinced the students that the planet Earth moves despite not feeling the vibratio...The idea of research started with a crazy imaginary theory in the field of astrogeography, saying: We often taught ourselves and then convinced the students that the planet Earth moves despite not feeling the vibrations of traffic, and we listed successive scientific confirmations to indicate the rotation of the planet in a regular movement around its axis once every 24 hours, and it is running in another second movement around the sun once every 365¼ days, so are they only two movements, no more?! Is it possible for him to run at a regular speed in an additional direction?展开更多
针对现有一二次融合柱上断路器负载侧或电源侧单侧配置电子式电压传感器(electronic voltage transformer,EVT)后断口工频电压试验时,壳体对地电位过高造成柱上断路器破坏性放电的问题,文中对配置EVT的柱上断路器断口绝缘性能进行研究...针对现有一二次融合柱上断路器负载侧或电源侧单侧配置电子式电压传感器(electronic voltage transformer,EVT)后断口工频电压试验时,壳体对地电位过高造成柱上断路器破坏性放电的问题,文中对配置EVT的柱上断路器断口绝缘性能进行研究。文中首先对柱上断路器断口耐压试验时壳体对地放电问题进行了电容分布理论分析,并给出配置不同容值制作的EVT的柱上断路器在断口耐压试验时壳体与地之间的电压值。其次给出了现有国网标准化方案一二次融合柱上断路器的理论设计依据,同时指出电源侧配置EVT的一二次融合柱上断路器的绝缘设计裕度,得出在满足开关性能及EVT准确度要求的前提下,EVT高压臂尽量采用电容容值低的电容降低壳体对地电压。最后提出在现有试验方式下一种负载侧和电源侧均配置EVT的一二次融合型柱上断路器新型结构形式,并给出试验结果。分析及试验结果证明,该结构的柱上断路器断口耐压试验时,壳体对地电压小于GB/T 11022—2020规定的相对地电压42 kV,避免了断口耐压试验时壳体与地击穿的现象,并已在工程中得到广泛的应用。展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the long-term stone-free rate(SFR)of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS)in the treatment of lower pole renal calculi using only basket relocation and identify independent predictors of stone-free status.Methods:All consecutive patients undergoing RIRS lower pole renal calculi at a single highvolume tertiary center were analyzed retrospectively.Lower pole stones were relocated to the upper pole,where laser lithotripsy was performed.All patients were followed up in the clinic following the surgery and yearly thereafter.The stone-free status was assessed with a combination of an abdominal ultrasound and abdominal X-ray,or an abdominal non-contrast computed tomography if the stones were known to be radiolucent.Results:A total of 480 consecutive patients who underwent RIRS for treatment of lower pole renal calculi,between January 2012 and December 2018,were analyzed from a prospectively maintained database of 3000 ureteroscopies.With a median follow-up time of 18.6 months,the mean SFR was 94.8%.The procedures were unsuccessful in 26(5.4%)patients due to unreachable stones.The median stone size of the unreachable stones was 12 mm(range 10e30 mm).Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed two predictors of SFR for lower pole stones:a small cumulative stone burden(odds ratio[OR]:0.903,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.867e0.941,p<0.0001)and preoperative ureteral stent insertion(OR:0.515,95%CI:0.318e0.835,pZ0.007).Conclusion:The long-term SFR of RIRS for the treatment of lower pole stones with basket displacement with appropriate patient selection is high.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project 52007047in part by the Outstanding Youth Innovation Project funded by State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment EERI_OY2021005,and EERI_KF2021014。
文摘Soft magnetic composite(SMC)material is an ideal soft magnetic material employed for developing 3D magnetic flux electromagnetic equipment,due to its advantages of 3D magnetic isotropy characteristic,low eddy current loss,and simple manufacturing process.The permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM)with SMC cores is a good case that the SMC to be adopted for developing 3D flux electrical machines.In this paper,a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet claw pole machine(ARPMCPM)with SMC cores and ferrite magnets is proposed.Compared with the traditional PMCPM,the proposed ARPMCPM is designed with only one spoke PM rotor and its whole structure is quite compact.For the performance prediction,the 3D finite element method(FEM)is used.Meanwhile,for the performance evaluation,a previously developed axial flux claw pole permanent magnet machine(AFCPM)is employed as the benchmark machine and all these machines are optimized by using the combined multilevel robust Taguchi method.It can be seen that the proposed ARPMCPM is with higher torque/weight density and operation efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project 52007047the Outstanding Youth Innovation Project funded by State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment EERI_OY2021005。
文摘Permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for high speed operation. However, because of its complex irregular structure, the manufacturing process using silicon sheets is complicated. Soft magnetic composite material(SMC) is manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which can produce various shapes of stator core structures, so it is easier to produce various irregular shapes of the stator core. However, the raw SMC material is relatively expensive, and the mechanical strength of SMC is weak. In this paper, a PMCPM with hybrid cores is proposed. With the adoption of hybrid silicon sheet-SMC cores and amorphous alloy-SMC cores, the torque ability of PMCPM can be improved greatly and it can have higher efficiency for more wide operation frequency. Meanwhile, its mechanical strength has been improved and it can be designed for high torque direct drive applications as it is a modular machine. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to reduce the additional eddy current loss which resulted from the employment of hybrid cores in PMCPM.
文摘The idea of research started with a crazy imaginary theory in the field of astrogeography, saying: We often taught ourselves and then convinced the students that the planet Earth moves despite not feeling the vibrations of traffic, and we listed successive scientific confirmations to indicate the rotation of the planet in a regular movement around its axis once every 24 hours, and it is running in another second movement around the sun once every 365¼ days, so are they only two movements, no more?! Is it possible for him to run at a regular speed in an additional direction?
文摘针对现有一二次融合柱上断路器负载侧或电源侧单侧配置电子式电压传感器(electronic voltage transformer,EVT)后断口工频电压试验时,壳体对地电位过高造成柱上断路器破坏性放电的问题,文中对配置EVT的柱上断路器断口绝缘性能进行研究。文中首先对柱上断路器断口耐压试验时壳体对地放电问题进行了电容分布理论分析,并给出配置不同容值制作的EVT的柱上断路器在断口耐压试验时壳体与地之间的电压值。其次给出了现有国网标准化方案一二次融合柱上断路器的理论设计依据,同时指出电源侧配置EVT的一二次融合柱上断路器的绝缘设计裕度,得出在满足开关性能及EVT准确度要求的前提下,EVT高压臂尽量采用电容容值低的电容降低壳体对地电压。最后提出在现有试验方式下一种负载侧和电源侧均配置EVT的一二次融合型柱上断路器新型结构形式,并给出试验结果。分析及试验结果证明,该结构的柱上断路器断口耐压试验时,壳体对地电压小于GB/T 11022—2020规定的相对地电压42 kV,避免了断口耐压试验时壳体与地击穿的现象,并已在工程中得到广泛的应用。
