Multi-Functioning in Virtual Monitoring of Thin-Walled Bridges

Multi-functioning in virtual monitoring and assessment of ultimate dynamics of thin-walled bridges is treated in present paper. The approach enables multiple functions in virtual monitoring of the bridges made of integrated thin-walled members with their hierarchical configuration. Theoretical, numerical and experimental in situ assessments of the problem are presented. Some results of structural application are submitted.

In-situ monitoring plume,spattering behavior and revealing their relationship with melt flow in laser powder bed fusion of nickel-based superalloy

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is a highly dynamic and complex physical process,and single-track de-fects tend to accumulate into non-negligible internal defects of parts.The nickel-based superalloy single track was fabricated by LPBF,and its plume and spattering behavior were monitored in situ and recorded in real time based on image recognition and tracking in this study.The relationship among laser energy density,melt flow,plume and spattering behavior during LPBF was discussed.Volumetric energy density had limitations as a design parameter for LPBF.However,we found that plume and spattering behavior can be used as real-time design parameters for the processing of LPBF parts and implemented the initial velocity statistics for LPBF single-track spattering based on the centroid extraction algorithm.The influ-ence of melt flow evolution paths on the spattering and plume behavior in three different melting modes was revealed,and a shift in plume behavior was found in the overlap region of the additive substrate.This study provides a new method for obtaining statistics of spattering-related physical quantities in the melting mode,which is beneficial for the development of processing methods to mitigate the instability of the LPBF process.

Hemostasis in liver transplantation:Pathophysiology,monitoring,and treatment

Recent findings in the pathophysiology and monitoring of hemostasis in patients with end stage liver disease have major impact on coagulation management during liver transplantation. There is increasing evidence, that the changes in both coagulation factors and platelet count regularly observed in patients with liver cirrhosis cannot be interpreted as a reliable indicator of diffuse bleeding risk. Instead, a differentiated view on hemostasis has led to the concept of a rebalanced coagulation system: While it is important to recognize that procoagulant factors are reduced in liver cirrhosis, it is also evident that synthesis of anticoagulant factors and fibrinolytic proteins produced in the liver is also diminished. Similarly, the decreased platelet count may be counterbalanced by increased platelet aggregability caused by highly active von Willebrand multimeres. The coagulation system is therefor stated to be rebalanced. While under normal "unstressed" conditions diffuse bleeding is rarely observed, however both diffuse bleeding or thrombus formation may occur when compensation mechanisms are exhausted. While most patients presenting for liver transplantation have severe cirrhosis, liver function and thus production of pro- and anticoagulant factors can be preserved especially in cholestatic liver disease. During liver transplantation, profound changes in the hemostasis system can occur. Surgical bleeding can lead to diffuse bleeding as coagulation factors and platelets are already reduced. Ischemia and tissue trauma can lead to alterations of hemostasis comparable to trauma induced coagulopathy. A further common disturbance often starting with the reperfusion of the transplanted organ is hyperfibrinolysis which can eventually precipitate complete consumption of fibrinogen and an endogenous heparinization by glycocalyx shedding. Moreover, thrombotic events inliver transplantations are not uncommon and contribute to increased mortality. Besides conventional laboratory methods, bed-side monitoring of hemostasis(e.g., thrombelastography, thrombelastometry) is often used during liver transplantation to rapidly diagnose decreases in fibrinogen and platelet count as well as hyperfibrinolysis and to guide treatment with blood products, factor concentrates, and antifibrinolytics. There is also evidence which suggests when algorithms based on bed-side hemostasis monitoring are used a reduction of blood loss, blood product use, and eventual mortality are possible. Notably, the bed-side monitoring of anticoagulant pathways and the thrombotic risk is not possible at time and thus a cautious and restrictive use of blood products is recommended.

Development of All-Weather and Real-Time Bottom-Mounted Monitor of Bed Load Quantity

Quantity of bed load is an important physical parameter in sediment transport research. Aiming at the difficulties in the bed load measurement, this paper develops a bottom-mounted monitor to measure the bed load transport rate by adopting the sedimentation pit method and resolving such key problems as weighing and desilting, which can achieve long-time, all-weather and real-time telemeasurement of the bed load transport rate of plain rivers, estuaries and coasts. Both laboratory and field tests show that this monitor is reasonable in design, stable in properties and convenient in measurement, and it can be used to monitor the bed load transport rate in practical projects.

Monitoring the Morphology of the Bottom of Streams and Reservoirs Using Electrical Impedance Spectrometry Method

A part of the Earth＇s surface has been formed by the action of running water during geomorphological development. The flow of water is one of the ways of how particles can be eroded, transported and accumulated. If endogenous processes do not work, the surface of the continents would lower to the level close to the ocean surface and the relief would have almost no ruggedness. Recently, there have been talks about the relative classification of deviation of the present state from the ＂original＂ or ＂natural＂ one caused by anthropogeneous effects. The activity of man can manifest itself by pollution, the excessive use of water, a change in the flow regime, and the like. Research into the morphology of the river bottom and the bottom of settling tanks or dam reservoirs is systematically carried out in selected streams and reservoirs by the long-term sampling of bottom sediments. The knowledge of the sediment layer is also important. The EIS method, which was used for measuring, is new for the aforementioned applications. Possibilities of EIS method with new apparatus using for this application were tested in laboratory and in situ. On the basis of interpretation of the electrical conductivity data, a grid of depth data was acquired. These data are characterized by anomalously high and low ＂spots＂ and show morphological changes in the studied area.

智能床在医院的应用及其效果评价研究

介绍了某医院2018年10月至2023年1月智能床的应用情况,分析了使用智能床和使用普通床患者的住院科室、住院时间、跌倒/坠床预测评分、不良事件发生情况和满意度差异,总结了智能床的应用效果。梳理了智能床使用中存在的问题并提出了相关建议,为后续智能床的改进提供了参考。

古建筑压煤开采对斜坡上覆堆积层变形扰动影响研究

针对缓倾顺层斜坡上覆堆积层的采动稳定性与变形机理的研究,特别是从协调地下资源开采与地上文物古建筑安全防护视角出发的研究处在探索阶段。以山西省宝应寺斜坡堆积层为研究对象,基于地表动态监测与地质过程机制分析,结合数值模拟研究了堆积层稳定性与地表裂缝成因机制,并探讨优化了开采方式。研究表明:①长壁式地下开采是引起堆积层变形的诱因,堆积层软弱特性与斜坡软硬互层结构是其变形内因。堆积层下伏基岩变形模式为垂向挤压水平拉张,对堆积层变形具有放大效果,牵动其产生地裂缝。堆积层变形破坏机制为:坡下采空—覆岩弯曲—侧岩倾倒变形—下伏岩层应力集中—牵动拉裂;②堆积层裂缝分布在上坡方向采空区工作面端部附近,平面上近似平行,呈“之”字或锯齿状。地物裂缝较之地表裂缝数量更多、但规模更小,寺院建筑群受隐伏张性地裂缝影响致地基形变造成地面以上结构开裂;停采后监测期内,堆积体变形速率趋于收敛,残余变形消减,由变形移动转为基本稳定;③完全采空后,堆积层表现为以下错为主的拉张变形,剪应变显现,持续开采条件下堆积层变形程度将加剧。下伏基岩最大主应力增量达1080.75%,拉应力集中;④短壁房式开采留设区段煤柱利于减小堆积层变形。研究为认识地下资源开采扰动斜坡上覆堆积层变形破坏与寻求古建筑压煤开采文物保护解决方案提供了参考。

多客户端云通信远程监护系统设计与实现

为了实现对老人、卧床患者的远程实时照护和有效交互,利用云服务器和云通信技术设计出了一种面向老人和卧床患者的多客户端数据共享的护理床监护系统。基于多功能护理床,系统使用多生理参数监测仪采集生理数据,通过云通信将生理数据传输至远程监护平台或接收远程控制指令。用户可以在多种客户端查看患者的多生理参数信息以及实现远程控制护理床姿态。实验测试结果表明:系统具有可行性。

川西南公路顺层边坡桩锚组合结构加固分析——以乐西高速ZK9+352~ZK9+526边坡为例

四川盆地周边地形地质条件复杂,公路建设中顺层边坡的工程病害频现。通过工程地质分析和数值计算,基于滑面损伤本构模型,研究顺层边坡支护前后滑面应力、位移和边坡稳定性系数等特征量的变化规律,验证桩锚组合结构加固顺层边坡的适用性;通过施工全周期现场监测,获取边坡深部位移、抗滑桩桩身弯矩和锚索应力的时效特征。结果表明:开挖扰动下顺层边坡具渐进性失稳破坏特征;自坡脚沿滑面向后缘,位移呈指数型平滑递减,剪应力先增大后降低,滑面损伤变量自剪应力峰值位置开始同频衰减;采用桩锚组合结构加固顺层边坡后,滑面位移最大值降低88.62%,最大损伤变量降低84.75%,稳定系数提高25.20%;坡体深部位移、抗滑桩桩身弯矩、锚索应力等监测验证了桩锚组合结构加固的有效作用。

海草床的固碳潜力及其生物量监测方法研究进展

海洋是地球上最大的活跃碳库,包括浮游生物、细菌、海藻、海草床、盐沼和红树林等在内的海洋生态系统固定了全球50%以上的碳,每年可吸收约30%的人类活动排放到大气中的CO_(2),其碳储量分别是陆地碳库和大气碳库的20倍和50倍,是地球上最高效的碳汇,在应对全球气候变化、保护生物多样性和实现可持续发展等方面发挥着重要作用[1].

啮齿类实验动物健康监测用脏垫料哨兵动物法和排风粉尘PCR法比较

实验动物微生物质量对科学研究数据的有效性和重复性以及人类健康和动物福利至关重要。目前,独立通风笼具(individualventilationcage,IVC)已成为主流的啮齿类实验动物饲养系统。针对这种饲养方式的病原体监测方法最常用的是脏垫料哨兵动物法(soiledbeddingsentinels,SBS),该方法是以间接接触和延迟反馈的方式监测鼠群的微生物携带状况,能有效监测通过粪-口途径传播的病原体如小鼠肝炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒等。但这种方法难以监测到主要通过气溶胶、直接接触等途径传播的病原体,例如仙台病毒、嗜肺巴斯德杆菌等。排风粉尘(exhaustairdust,EAD)-PCR监测方法分为在IVC笼架排风管道中拭子采样,用以监测管道相对应的笼架;主机初效过滤前拭子采样,用以监测整个IVC笼架;EAD收集装置采样,用以监测同一个主机连接的所有笼架。不同IVC厂商针对各自的IVC系统开发了相应的EAD收集装置,使操作便捷,容易实现标准化。目前,与SBS方法相比,EAD-PCR方法的检出率和时效性都有显著提升,最快暴露一周就可检出,可作为SBS方法的补充或替代,有利于维护实验动物福利。本文对上述两种病原体监测方法的应用进展进行综述,同时结合本实验室和送检单位EAD-PCR监测的实施情况,对该方法存在的局限性进行分析并提出解决方案。EAD-PCR方法有助于减少活体哨兵动物的使用量,可以更好地维护实验动物福利的“3Rs”原则。

水力压裂多裂缝扩展诱发光纤应变演化试验研究

为解决光纤监测水力压裂过程中裂缝扩展形态认识不清的难题,提出了一种基于光纤应变监测的水力压裂物理模拟试验方法。将基于光频域反射(OFDR)技术的分布式光纤解调器与大型真三轴压裂物理模拟试验相结合,开展了人造试样及页岩试样水力压裂光纤实时监测物理模拟试验。试验结果表明,基于OFDR的分布式光纤传感技术可以高空间分辨率、高精度监测应变的演化,光纤的应变数据可以清晰地反映裂缝的产生、扩展和闭合。根据试验结果提出了一种基于光纤应变感测的水力压裂裂缝形态判别准则,该准则可以根据光纤应变演化信息判断部分裂缝类别。研究结论可高效地指导分布式光纤数据解释工作,可为光纤压裂监测的现场规模应用提供参考。

隧道内道床机械化清筛作业有害气体组成分布监测方法

针对采用柴油发动机为动力的既有工电检修装备在隧道内施工时尾气监测难题,选取典型的隧道内道床机械化清筛作业编组开展了测试。提出了以发动机附近定点检测为主,司机室和地面人员个体监测为辅的一体化有害气体监测方法,用于对隧道内的一氧化碳等致命性有害气体含量进行监测,超过安全标准值时发出声、光、电报警提示,以便及时采取应对措施。试验表明,该方法可以有效监测整个隧道机械化施工作业过程中重要点位的一氧化碳等有害气体的质量浓度变化,此外也能为发动机尾气净化装置、通风排烟排尘设施的研制提供技术支撑。

矿井离层水致灾机理及防治技术研究进展

针对矿井离层水研究过程中遇到的突水征兆不明显、瞬时水量大、滞后性、周期性突水等问题,从覆岩移动离层水的形成、致灾机理、防治技术、监测预警等方面总结了离层水的研究进展。首先,离层水害是采动影响下采场覆岩运动和地下水运移的耦合结果,通过挖掘突水事故的表现、覆岩结构及运动特征、地下水运移规律及相关研究现状,总结得到离层水形成基本条件和发育的基本规律,分析了突水引发溃泥溃砂、瓦斯涌出、切顶压架等次生灾害的机制。其次,离层垂向和水平位置预测是离层水害防治的关键,在此基础上,介绍了地面直通式泄水孔、离层注浆充填、井下截流孔、井下导流孔和地面抽排水孔5种离层水的防治方法,并结合工程实际,分析了其特点和问题。最后,利用岩层的岩性组合及地质条件评价离层突水危险性,同时结合回采过程中的多物理场监测数据实现了离层水害的预警,并提出了离层水研究过程中亟待解决的问题。

浅谈河床式水电站运行期增设大坝渗流监测设施

测压管是河床式水电站混凝土坝重要的渗流监测设施,对于无法满足监测需求的测压管,应采取扫孔或重新钻孔的措施恢复其功能。在运行期混凝土坝上钻孔风险极大,类似工程较少。通过工程实例,从钻孔选点、钻孔施工、测压管埋设等方面,探讨了运行期河床式混凝土坝钻孔埋管实施的关键技术,分析了工程实施后的监测效果,同时为有类似需求的工程提供技术参考。

翻背式助老电动床设计与研究

针对当前国内老龄化问题加重,老年人生活自主性较差的问题,设计了一款新型翻背式助老电动床。电动床主要包括升降机构、起背曲腿联动机构、翻背机构。可实现升降、起背曲腿和左右翻背功能,方便不同身高的老年人上下床,帮助老年人更自由地起身、翻背。通过控制电路,实现电动床整体高效运作,并设计监护装置,实时关注老年人的起居状态。分析结果表明,助老电动床升降机构最大加速度约为0.38 mm/s^(2),起背曲腿联动机构最大角加速度约为0.027°/s^(2),翻背机构最大角加速度为0.034°/s^(2)左右,整个运行过程平缓、稳定,符合老年人使用需求。

自动化监测系统在地铁隧道保护中的应用

地铁临近施工可能会对地铁隧道的稳定性和安全性造成影响,自动化监测相对于人工监测具有更高的实时性、精度和效率,能够节约人力资源,提供长时间稳定的监测,并具备预警功能,有助于及时发现问题并采取相应的措施,从而保障隧道结构的安全运行。本文结合实际工程案例,利用自动化监测系统,通过监测隧道内道床沉降、水平位移、管片收敛和两轨高差等内容,研究地铁临近施工对地铁隧道变形产生的影响,结果表明:道床沉降累计值变化范围为-18.9 mm~-0.1 mm;水平位移累计值范围为-1.2 mm~11.8 mm;管片收敛累计值范围为-2.3 mm~6.1 mm;两轨高差累计值范围为-1.7 mm~1.6 mm,可以得知,基坑施工期间对道床沉降、水平位移、管片收敛影响较大,工后道床沉降累计值持续增加,水平位移累计值、管片收敛累计值趋于稳定,整体而言,两轨高差累计值受施工影响较小,但仍需进行定期监测以确保地铁的稳定运行。

Identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of individual red bed landslides: a case study in Western Yunnan, China

Strata in red bed areas have typical characteristics of soft-hard interbedding and high sensitivity to water. Under the comprehensive action of internal stratigraphic structure and external hydrological factors, red bed landslides have highly complex spatiotemporal characteristics, presenting significant challenges to the prevention and control of landslide disasters in red bed areas, especially for slope and tunnel engineering projects. In this study, we applied an interdisciplinary approach combining small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar(SBAS-InSAR), deep displacement monitoring, and engineering geological surveying to identify the deformation mechanisms and spatiotemporal characteristics of the Abi landslide, an individual landslide that occurred in the red bed area of Western Yunnan, China. Surface deformation time series indicated that a basic deformation range developed by March 2020. Based on In SAR results and engineering geological analysis, the landslide surface could be divided into three zones: an upper sliding zone(US), a lower uplifted zone(LU), and a toe zone(Toe). LU was affected by the structure of the sliding bed with variable inclination. Using deep displacement curves combined with the geological profile, a set of sliding surfaces were identified between different lithology. The groundwater level standardization index(GLSI) and deformation normalization index(DNI) showed different quadratic relationships between US and LU. Verification using the Pearson correlation analysis shows that the correlation coefficients between model calculated results and measured data are 0.7933 and 0.7577, respectively, indicating that the DNI-GLSI models are applicable. A fast and short-lived deformation sub stage(ID-Fast) in the initial deformation stage was observed, and ID-Fast was driven by concentrated rainfall.

Ecosystem Responses in the Distribution of Black Clam (<i>Villorita cyprinoides</i>) Beds in Vembanad Estuary during Environmental Changes Using GIS and RS

The biomass and distribution of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) in Vembanad, a tropical estuary located along the southwest coast of India varied significantly. Sampling was done in freshwater-dominated zone in the south (distal) and brackish water zone in the north (proximal), during pre and post monsoon seasons. Clam biomass was estimated from samples, collected from different stations during the study period. Water transparency and temperature were measured at the sample sites. Water samples were collected and analysed for salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and hardness. There was a significant difference in the clam biomass during the two seasons in the distal zone, and those collected from the distal and proximal zones during pre-monsoon season. The data were further analysed to determine the factors affecting the clam biomass distribution in the two zones and seasons. Factor analyses, comparing the distal zone during two seasons and zonal variations were similar to earlier observations. Step wise regression analyses found that dissolved oxygen (adjusted R2 = 0.3) is the only variable affecting clam survival during pre-monsoon period in the distal and proximal zones. A geographic map of the region obtained from the Indian satellite sensor LISS (Linear Image Self Scanner) was used along with in situ data to map the results using inverse distance weightage model.

Comparative analysis of bed density, total phenol content and protein expression pattern in <i>Posidonia oceanica</i>(L.) Delile

Posidonia oceanicameadows are experiencing a progressive decline, and monitoring their status is crucial for the maintenance of theseecosystems. We performed a comparativeanalysis of bed density, total phenol content and protein expression pattern to assess the conservation status ofPosidoniaplants from the S. Marinella (Rome, Italy) meadow. The total phenol content was inversely related to maximum beddensity, confirming the relationship betweenhigh phenol content and stressful conditions. In addition, protein expression pattern profilesshowed that the number of differentially expressed proteins was dramatically reduced in the latest years compared to previous analyses. Our results support the usefulness of integrating solid descriptors, such as phenol content, with novel biochemical/molecular approaches in the monitoring of meadows.