Research on the Impact of China’s Foreign Trade Technology Spillover on Green Total Factor Productivity of Countries Along the“Belt and Road”:Based on the Institutional Quality Threshold Effect

China’s growing trade with countries along the“Belt and Road”Initiative is accompanied by a focus on green development.Based on the panel data from 2007 to 2018,this paper establishes a threshold regression model to empirically analyze the institutional quality threshold effect of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the GTFP of countries along the“Belt and Road.”The results show that China’s foreign trade technology spillover has a significant institutional quality double threshold effect on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road.”As the institutional quality of the countries along the“Belt and Road”crosses a specific threshold value,the impact of China’s foreign trade technology spillover on the green total factor productivity of the countries along the“Belt and Road”has a significant positive promoting effect,and corresponding suggestions are put forward.

Effect of China’s technology spillovers on energy intensity in Africa

Empirical studies on the effects of China-African economic relations on energy intensity in Africa are scarce.To fill the gap in the literature,this study investigates the technology spillover effects of the China-Africa trade and investment relations on energy intensity.It uses both linear and nonlinear dynamic panel estimation methods for 42 African countries from 2003 to 2015.The results show that China's technology spillover through imports significantly reduces energy intensity in Africa.The findings are consistent across specifications and sample groups.Moreover,the technology spillover coming from foreign direct investment(FDI)improves energy intensity,particularly in lower-middle-income African countries.The dynamic threshold estimation results show that countries'absorptive ability is important for technology spillover effects of FDI and imports on energy intensity.The results suggest that countries'absorptive capacity should be increased to maximize the benefits of trade and investment technology spillovers.

Low-carbon technology innovation responding to climate change from the perspective of spatial spillover effects

China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.

“China Shock”or China Dividend?-China GVC Participation’s Effects on Trading Partners’Technological Progress

This paper explores the effects of China’s global value chain(GVC)participation on technological progress in trading-partner countries based on estimated data on value-added trade between China and 52 trading partners.We find that,first,although China’s exports lowered the total factor productivity(TFP)of its trading partners(competitive effect),its imports greatly increased trading partners’TFP(effect of scale).This implies that China’s GVC participation is beneficial to its trading partners’technological progress in the form of a considerable technology dividend effect.Second,China’s export dividend effect compensates for the negative effect of Chinese competition on trading partners’technological progress;the innovation effects attributable to China’s imports reinforce the positive effects of scale on technological progress.When innovation is factored in,the China dividend thus becomes further reinforced.Third,China’s merchandise imports have a diminishing positive effect on technological progress in trading partners as geographical distance increases,but trade in services transcends geographical boundaries,and the positive technological progress effect of China’s service imports do not diminish as distance increases.We find that the“China dividend”from China’s GVC participation is a significant contributor to technological progress in partner nations,and China’s imports are conducive to innovation and technological progress in developed countries in the long run.

Technology Spillover and Licensing Strategy of Patentee

The optimal license proportions with and without technology spillover are analyzed with a game-theoretical approach when a patent-holding firm licensed non-drastic process innovation to his incumbent rivals by means of a first price sealed bid auction. The optimal strategy is obtained through solving the game by backward induction. It is found that the range of optimal license proportion is narrower when there is spillover compared to the no spillover case.

FDI and Technology Spillover in China

Foreign-invested enterprises＇ influence on China＇s enterprises＇ technology is one of the most important issues. We use the panel data of China＇s state-owned enterprises to analyze this influence. The result shows that the foreign-invested enterprises have a significant influence on the native enterprises. We find that the extent of the technology spillover is positively related to the technological level of the foreign-invested enterprises, while their caoital and asset scales have rather comnlicated influences.

Technological Capacity and Technology Catching-Up for Regulatory Mechanism of Sharing Economy Enterprises

Sharing economy developed soon in China recently.On the basis of analyzing technology spillover between a technologically advanced nation(country)and a less developed one,a technology catching-up model of technological capacity and path dependence is proposed based on Verspagen mode.The proposed model can explain how a less developed nation(country)can catch up the advanced one.It is not only to improve its own technological capacity,but also whether it could bread“the locking”of path dependence.For the less developed nation(country),the“conscious behavior”of economic body cannot be ignored to achieve the evolution from path dependence to path creation.Thus,the less developed nation(country)should cultivate the technology ability,furthermore,the creative realization and ability,which could break away the negative impact of technology to path dependence,and catch up the advanced one.

FDI and the technological spillover effects: a comparative analysis on the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta

This article calculates the technological spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta through Panel Data, and analyzes the influence on the technological spillover effects of the following factors in these two different areas: human capital, the opening up, R&D and the source of FDI. It makes the conclusion that FDI in different areas has different technological spillover effects and the local governments should make different policies accordingly so as to gain more obvious technology spillover effects.

基于空间溢出视角下金融科技对企业数字化转型的影响

金融科技是数字经济时代下前沿数字技术与传统金融融合的新业态.为研究金融科技对企业数字化转型的影响机制以及在空间上的影响变化表征,以2011—2021年中国沪深A股上市企业为研究对象,将企业数字化转型作为被解释变量,金融科技作为核心变量,采用普通最小二乘法和边际效应分析进行基准回归分析、稳健性检验、异质性检验和机制识别检验.实证研究发现,金融科技能够有效助推企业数字化转型.异质性检验发现,金融科技对于非国有企业、高科技企业以及东部地区企业而言有着更为显著的驱动力.机制检验发现,金融科技能够改善企业财务状况、优化企业风险配置,强化创新要素投入,进而促进企业数字化转型.不同区域之间的金融科技发展还能产生有效的协同作用,从而更好赋能企业加快数字化转型进程.研究结果对提高金融科技支持效率,切实推动企业数字化转型提供了初步的理论和经验证据.

财政分权对城市贸易经济韧性的影响及空间溢出效应研究

在中国经济迈入高质量发展的新阶段,面对复杂多变的外部环境,增强城市贸易经济韧性显得尤为重要。基于2006—2019年中国283个地级及以上城市面板数据,采用面板回归模型、中介效应检验方法及空间杜宾模型,探究财政分权对城市贸易经济韧性的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:财政分权能够显著增强城市贸易经济韧性,科技创新在其中起到了部分中介作用,上述结论经过稳健性检验后依然成立。空间杜宾效应分析表明,财政分权可通过空间溢出效应作用于邻近城市贸易经济韧性。进一步的异质性分析发现,财政分权对城市贸易经济韧性的促进作用存在区位和贸易经济韧性水平差异,在中西部地区及贸易经济韧性水平较低的城市中其作用效果越强。

广义道德论:当代科技道德的重塑

当代科技既超现实又反现实,在建构世界的同时又对真实世界实现了“降维打击”。探讨当代科技发展趋势如人工智能、生物医学、基因编辑、量子科技等,需要明确其中蕴含的当代性。所谓当代科技发展之“发展”有双关深意:既生成了新兴技术的道德问题本身,又生成了可解方案——广义道德论。新技术的溢出突破道德解释的理论极限,需要创设一种能够将“包容性”和“适应性”统合起来的新伦理解释框架。新的伦理解释框架是递归的科技道德问题与道德设计创造性的变量函数值,亦是当代科技发展中新的人与技术关系方程式。

中国科技创新对旅游经济效率的空间溢出效应

运用改进熵值法和Bootstrap-DEA模型对2001—2019年中国30个省域的科技创新水平及旅游经济效率进行测算,利用空间自相关分析法考察科技创新与旅游经济效率的空间集聚特征,最后借助空间面板杜宾模型探究科技创新对旅游经济效率的影响及空间溢出效应。结果表明:①研究期内全国及四大地区科技创新水平增长势头强劲,增速形成“中部>东部>西部>东北”的空间格局,区域科技创新发展差异较大;30个省域旅游经济效率明显改善,增速呈现“东北>中部>西部>东部”的分布特征。②科技创新和旅游经济效率全局和局部空间关联性明显,并且主要表现为高高和低低的空间集聚模式;科技创新对本地旅游经济效率改善作用明显,但会通过“虹吸效应”和“屏蔽效应”抑制邻近省域旅游经济效率提升。③在科技创新能力增强过程中,经济发展水平、城镇化、产业结构升级、对外开放等要素是推动旅游经济效率提升的重要力量,旅游资源禀赋对旅游经济效率正向外溢效应显著,经济发展水平和城镇化的负向空间效应明显。

知识产权保护对数字产业创新效率的影响

知识产权保护是提升数字产业创新效率的有力支撑,也是助推创新型国家建设的重要抓手。本文借助渐进式双重差分模型,使用2010~2022年我国上市公司数据考察知识产权保护对数字产业创新效率的影响。结果显示:(1)知识产权保护能够正向提升数字产业创新效率,且随着数字产业创新效率持续提升,知识产权保护的正向驱动效应呈边际递增特征;(2)机制检验结果显示,知识产权保护可通过促进知识溢出、提升技术创新和人力资本水平驱动数字产业创新效率提升;(3)异质性检验结果显示,相较于西部及东北部地区、传媒服务业和国有企业,知识产权保护更能推动东、中部地区、软件开发及信息技术服务业和非国有数字企业创新效率提升。基于此,提出多管齐下健全知识产权保护机制、多路并进提升数字产业创新效率、因地制宜推动数字产业协同发展的对策建议,希冀为提高数字产业创新效率提供相关理论经验。

可再生能源技术创新的减排效应:空间溢出与门槛特征

可再生能源技术创新是实现绿色低碳发展的重要动力。基于2003—2020年我国30个省份的面板数据,构建固定效应模型分析可再生能源技术创新对碳排放的影响及区域异质性,采用空间杜宾模型探究其空间溢出效应,并通过门槛回归模型检验可再生能源技术创新对碳排放的非线性影响。研究发现:就全国而言,可再生能源技术创新显著抑制碳排放;分区域来看,可再生能源技术创新的碳减排效应在东部地区显著,但在中部、西部及东北地区不显著;空间上,可再生能源技术创新不仅降低本地区的碳排放,同时促进邻近地区的碳减排;可再生能源技术创新对碳排放存在人口规模、研发投入、环境规制的门槛效应,较高的人口规模和研发投入、较低的环境规制可以强化可再生能源技术创新对碳减排的促进作用。

面向技术多维特征的关键共性技术跨界溢出机理研究

关键共性技术的公共产品属性决定了其具有显著外部性特征,能够通过广泛的扩散与外溢充分发挥潜在价值,但目前对于关键共性技术的跨界溢出机理尚不明确,导致其经济社会价值难以得到充分发挥。文章面向技术多维特征构建组织合作-技术跨界溢出-产业关联三层网络,在测度技术跨界溢出效应基础上,结合多层网络模型探索关键共性技术跨界溢出机理,并对人工智能领域进行实证研究。结果表明:技术基本特征方面,已经跨界溢出的关键共性技术更不易产生新的跨界溢出;技术组织特征方面,关键共性技术不易在组织内部形成跨界溢出关系,共同研发的关键共性技术更易产生跨界溢出,组织合作对关键共性技术的跨界溢出存在抑制作用;技术产业特征方面,产业跨度大的关键共性技术不易产生跨界溢出,关键共性技术不易在关联产业间进行跨界溢出,产业关联广度越大越有利于关键共性技术的跨界溢出。本文从技术多维特征视角揭示了关键共性技术跨界溢出的影响机理,在一定程度上拓展和深化了技术跨界溢出的理论研究边界,为助推技术创新扩散、带动产业升级提供了有益启示。

对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出:基于国内大循环的视角

基于2009—2013年中国上市公司及其供应商是否发生对外直接投资的面板数据,从微观视角分析对外直接投资对国内供应商创新的影响。研究发现:(1)“间接”参与OFDI同样能够获得显著的创新外溢效应,即客户OFDI行为通过国内生产网络显著提高了供应商的创新水平;(2)“间接”参与OFDI通过信息传递效应、规模经济效应、客户重要性提升效应和研发支出效应四种机制发挥作用;(3)从客户-供应商关系来看,当客户与供应商间地理距离较近、关系持续时间较长、客户集中度较低时,“间接”参与OFDI对国内供应商的创新溢出效应较强,从企业和投资目的国特征来看,企业规模较大、国有企业、低中发展水平地区、投资目的国为高收入国家时,“间接”参与OFDI对国内供应商的创新溢出效应较强。本研究对促进国内国际双循环相互联动和企业加快形成新质生产力具有重要的启示意义。

数字化转型、技术选择与企业技术攀升

数字化转型赋能企业技术攀升是构建现代化产业体系的重要路径和推动经济高质量发展的关键举措。基于2012—2020年中国A股上市企业和新三板上市企业数据,探讨了数字化转型对企业技术攀升的影响及作用机理,并考察了企业技术选择对数字化转型作用效果的影响。研究发现:第一,数字化转型能显著促进企业技术攀升,其作用效果随着技术多样化水平的提高而不断增强,且该结论在一系列内生性处理和稳健性检验后仍然成立;第二,数字化转型对企业技术攀升的影响具有异质性,在低数字技术创新企业、衰退期企业、大规模企业、非国有企业以及竞争性行业中促进效果更加明显;第三,增强企业规模经济效应和范围经济效应是数字化转型发挥效能的主要路径。进一步研究表明:差异性的技术组合模式有利于强化数字化转型对企业技术攀升的促进作用;以突破式创新为主的企业进行数字化转型带来的促进效果更显著,且企业头部化发展过程要依托从渐进式创新向突破式创新演进的技术变革历程;行业间技术溢出可以促进数字化转型作用效果。研究结论为政府推动数字化转型和企业制定技术创新策略提供了有益参考。

高校基础研究与创新知识溢出:来自高校设立技术转移机构的证据

促进高校基础研究成果转化已成为我国推进创新型国家建设的重要战略任务,也是实现我国科技自立自强的重要举措。以高校设立技术转移机构为外生冲击,利用了中国工企数据库和专利引用数据,采用DID模型研究了高校基础研究对于创新知识溢出的影响。研究结果显示:(1)高校基础研究显著提升了企业的创新知识溢出水平,表现为高校成立技术转移机构能够显著促进企业的专利引用率和专利产出率;(2)高校成立技术转移机构能够促进产学研合作组织更加完整,使得创新主体之间的信息不对称问题得到解决,从而促进高校基础研究的创新知识溢出效应。因此,政策制定者应该更加注重对高校技术转移机构的转移转化能力培养,促进知识溢出,对于校企合作提供更多优惠政策,塑造良好的产学研环境,从而提升城市创新能力。

人工智能技术对城市出口韧性的影响研究

人工智能技术正塑造着新的比较优势和竞争优势,为中国出口贸易应对外部风险冲击并保持出口韧性提供了机遇。采用2009—2021年中国288个地级及以上城市的面板数据,研究人工智能技术对城市出口韧性的影响及作用机制。结果表明:首先,人工智能技术显著增强了城市出口韧性。其次,人工智能技术可以通过成本节约、创新促进和人力资本积累三个渠道提升城市出口韧性。再次,人工智能技术对出口韧性的影响具有非线性特征,地方知识产权保护水平和跨国人工智能专利申请水平的提升有助于进一步强化人工智能技术对出口韧性的促进作用。最后,人工智能技术对城市出口韧性的强化效应在不同城市间存在显著差异,人工智能技术对非资源城市、低物质资本城市、高人力资本城市和信息基础设施较好城市出口韧性的促进作用更大,而对交通基础设施较好城市出口韧性的促进作用较小。基于研究结论,提出了加快发展人工智能技术、提升人力资本积累、加强知识产权保护、构建区域风险共担机制等对策建议。

绿色金融政策对碳排放的空间溢出效应研究

绿色金融政策是推进经济低碳转型升级的重要工具,但在减排降碳实际效果方面存在减少还是转移的争议。基于中国277个地级市的面板数据,构造空间双重差分模型探究该政策对碳排放的影响机理及作用边界,结果表明:绿色金融政策对试点城市具有显著的减排降碳作用,且能通过空间溢出对周边地区产生邻地协同效应,其影响阈值约为300公里;区域资源禀赋过高、工业基础固化、碳中和进程过快三方面均不利于绿色金融政策促进降碳;绿色技术进步和能源结构调整是绿色金融政策减排降碳效应的两种作用机制,且后者贡献优于前者。基于此,建议持续优化绿色金融政策,稳步推进能源结构调整、创新推动绿色技术升级,合理规划政策试点布局。