Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address e...Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address energy shortages and even environmental pollution issues.Although controlling the morphology or doping with heteroatoms for catalyst active centers have accelerated the reaction rate,it is difficult to solve the problems of multiple by-products,and poor stability of catalytic sites.From this,it will be seen that single regulation of metal active centers is difficult to comprehensively solve application problems.Orderly assembly and coordination of catalyst multi-hierarchy structures at the mesoscale above the nanometer level probably be more reasonable strategies,and numerous studies in thermal catalysis have supported this viewpoint.This article reviews the multi-hierarchy design of electrocatalyst active centers,high-energy supports,and peripheral structures in recent years,providing unconventional inspiration about electrocatalyst creation,which perhaps serves as a simple tutorial of electrocatalysis exploration for abecedarian.展开更多
In order to evaluate stock quality scientifically, a synthetic evaluation system of stock quality is proposed on the basis of fuzzy set theory and grey multi-hierarchy decision method. Then the evaluation system is ap...In order to evaluate stock quality scientifically, a synthetic evaluation system of stock quality is proposed on the basis of fuzzy set theory and grey multi-hierarchy decision method. Then the evaluation system is applied to an example. The results show that the evaluation system can overcome the errors of expert＇s subjective judgment.展开更多
The multi-hierarchy simulation model for magnetic reconnection is developed,where both micro andmacro hierarchies are expressed consistently and simultaneously.Two hierarchies are connected smoothly by shake-hand sche...The multi-hierarchy simulation model for magnetic reconnection is developed,where both micro andmacro hierarchies are expressed consistently and simultaneously.Two hierarchies are connected smoothly by shake-hand scheme.As a numerical test,propagation of one-dimensional Alfv´en wave is examined using the multihierarchy simulation model.It is found that waves smoothly pass through frommacro to micro hierarchies and vice versa.展开更多
A multi-hierarchy simulation model aiming magnetic reconnection studies is developed and improved in which macroscopic and microscopic physics are computed consistently and simultaneously.Macroscopic physics is solved...A multi-hierarchy simulation model aiming magnetic reconnection studies is developed and improved in which macroscopic and microscopic physics are computed consistently and simultaneously.Macroscopic physics is solved by magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)algorithm,while microscopic dynamics is expressed by particle-in-cell(PIC)algorithm.The multi-hierarchy model relies on the domain decomposition method,and macro-and micro-hierarchies are interlocked smoothly by hand-shake scheme.As examination,plasma flow injection is simulated in the multihierarchy model.It is observed that plasmas flow from a macro-hierarchy to a microhierarchy across the magnetic field smoothly and continuously.展开更多
The grey quasi-preferred analysis (GQPA) is one of important methods for realizing system analysis to conquer the limitations of the existing GQPA model, without any considerations to the difference of the different b...The grey quasi-preferred analysis (GQPA) is one of important methods for realizing system analysis to conquer the limitations of the existing GQPA model, without any considerations to the difference of the different behavioral factor′s importance. It could not be used to analyze the complex system with multi-hierarchy correlation factors, the weighted synthetic method for calculating abstract incidence degrees between the system beha-vioral characteristics and correlative factors in different hierarchies is given out,and the hierarchic grey quasi-preferred analysis (HGQPA) model is established. The effectiveness of the HGQPA model is tested by the scientific-technical system of Jiangsu Province. The depth and the range of the application of GQPA are developed, and the HGQPA model is regarded as a new approach to systemically analyze the complex systems with multi-hierarchy correlation factors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963206,21932004,21872067,22172072)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFA1500301)。
文摘Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address energy shortages and even environmental pollution issues.Although controlling the morphology or doping with heteroatoms for catalyst active centers have accelerated the reaction rate,it is difficult to solve the problems of multiple by-products,and poor stability of catalytic sites.From this,it will be seen that single regulation of metal active centers is difficult to comprehensively solve application problems.Orderly assembly and coordination of catalyst multi-hierarchy structures at the mesoscale above the nanometer level probably be more reasonable strategies,and numerous studies in thermal catalysis have supported this viewpoint.This article reviews the multi-hierarchy design of electrocatalyst active centers,high-energy supports,and peripheral structures in recent years,providing unconventional inspiration about electrocatalyst creation,which perhaps serves as a simple tutorial of electrocatalysis exploration for abecedarian.
基金The National Natural Science Foundationof China (No.70272033)
文摘In order to evaluate stock quality scientifically, a synthetic evaluation system of stock quality is proposed on the basis of fuzzy set theory and grey multi-hierarchy decision method. Then the evaluation system is applied to an example. The results show that the evaluation system can overcome the errors of expert＇s subjective judgment.
基金This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(No.18340188)the Research Cooperation Program on’Hierarchy and Holism in Natural Sciences 2’at National Institutes of Natu-ral Sciences,and General Coordinated Research at National Institute for Fusion Science(NIFS06KTAT037,NIFS07KNXN095).
文摘The multi-hierarchy simulation model for magnetic reconnection is developed,where both micro andmacro hierarchies are expressed consistently and simultaneously.Two hierarchies are connected smoothly by shake-hand scheme.As a numerical test,propagation of one-dimensional Alfv´en wave is examined using the multihierarchy simulation model.It is found that waves smoothly pass through frommacro to micro hierarchies and vice versa.
基金This work was partially supported by the Research Cooperation Program on Hierarchy and Holism in Natural Sciences 2 at the National Institutes of Natural Sciences and the General Coordinated Research at the National Institute for Fusion Science(NIFS09KNXN174,NIFS10KTAS003).
文摘A multi-hierarchy simulation model aiming magnetic reconnection studies is developed and improved in which macroscopic and microscopic physics are computed consistently and simultaneously.Macroscopic physics is solved by magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)algorithm,while microscopic dynamics is expressed by particle-in-cell(PIC)algorithm.The multi-hierarchy model relies on the domain decomposition method,and macro-and micro-hierarchies are interlocked smoothly by hand-shake scheme.As examination,plasma flow injection is simulated in the multihierarchy model.It is observed that plasmas flow from a macro-hierarchy to a microhierarchy across the magnetic field smoothly and continuously.
文摘The grey quasi-preferred analysis (GQPA) is one of important methods for realizing system analysis to conquer the limitations of the existing GQPA model, without any considerations to the difference of the different behavioral factor′s importance. It could not be used to analyze the complex system with multi-hierarchy correlation factors, the weighted synthetic method for calculating abstract incidence degrees between the system beha-vioral characteristics and correlative factors in different hierarchies is given out,and the hierarchic grey quasi-preferred analysis (HGQPA) model is established. The effectiveness of the HGQPA model is tested by the scientific-technical system of Jiangsu Province. The depth and the range of the application of GQPA are developed, and the HGQPA model is regarded as a new approach to systemically analyze the complex systems with multi-hierarchy correlation factors.
